Objective To analyze various etiological factors and treatment of hypokalemia in old people. Methods Clinical and chemical data of 98 hypokalemia cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results The main reasons leading to hypokalemia were hypertension (32.7%), heart failure (26.5%), diabetes(12.2%), hyperthy-roidism(10.2%),disease of digestive system(10.2%),severe infection(4.1%),oral disease (2.0%) and other diseases(2.0%). The treatment strategy focused on primary disease and oral or venous potassium. Conclusion Much emphasis should be put on analyzing the possible causes of hypokalemia in addition to rectifying the lack of po-taasium.

Objective To induce the formation of hair follicles in vivo and in vitro with primary human hair follicle outer root sheath cells (ORSCs),human hair dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and fibroblasts seeded on three-dimensional alginate scaffolds at different sequences.Methods Second-passage ORSCs,DPCs and mitomycin-c-treated human fibroblasts were seeded into three-dimensional alginate scaffolds at different sequences and a certain ratio to reconstruct hair follicles in vitro.After 8 weeks of culture,some of the substitutes were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,and some were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of bal/bcl nude mice followed by additional culture for 8 weeks.Then,the mice were sarcrificed and transplants were harvested and subjected to HE staining,immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy for the observation of hair follicle formation.Results After 8 weeks of culture in vitro,hair follicle cells were evenly scattered in three-dimensional scaffolds,with no keratinized material or hair follicle formation.When the substitutes were cultured in vivo for 8 weeks,DPCs and ORSCs gathered together to form cell aggregates,with the visualization of hair follicle-like structure in circular arrangement,which was positive for cytokeratin (CK) 14,CK15,β1-integrin and vimentin.Electron microscopy showed hair follicle cells and erythrocytes adhering to the scaffolds.One-week preculture of mitomycin-c-trcatcd human fibroblasts in the scaffolds followed by the seeding of the suspension of ORSCs and DPCs at a ratio of 1∶5 resulted in increased follicular like structures with more typical appearance in mice compared with the other strategies for cell inoculation and culture.Conclusions In the reconstructed hair follicle models,DPCs keep the capability to induce the formation of hair follicles,and ORSCs keep the characteristics of hair follicle stem cells.The optimal cell density,ratio and process were determined in the experiment,which may lay a methodological and theoretical basis for hair follicle reconstruction.

Objective To study the effect of euthyrox on blood lipids in patients with hypothyroidism throngh the meta analysis.Methods Patients with clinical hypothyroidism theated by euthyrox on blood lipid effect of randomized controlled trials were retried by Pubmed(2000/2014-07),EMbase (2000/2014-07),the Cochrane library(2014,7),the Chinese biomedical literature database(2000/2014-07),retrieved the time limit from January 2000 to July 2014.The paper were objective evaluated of the quality,Meta analysis with Rev Man 5.3 software system applicated by Cochrane collaboration.Results Euthyrox could significantly reduce cholesterol levels of hypothyroidism patients ,it was statistically significant difference(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.71 ~0.55,P<0.001);Euthyrox could significantly reduce triglyceride levels of hypothyroidism patients,difference was statistically significant(OR =0.29,95%CI:0.34 ~0.25,P <0.001 );Euthyrox could significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of hypothyroidism patients,it was statistically significant difference(OR=0.22,95%CI:0.30 ~0.14,P<0.001);euthyrox could obviously increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, it was statistically significant difference (OR =0.21, 95% CI:0.17 ~0.26, P <0.001 ). Conclusion Euthyrox could significantly reduce total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(hdl-c)of hypothyroidism patients,and promote the synthesis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(hdl-c),could effectively promote the lipid metabolism,reduce blood fat level,prevent the happening of the disease of heart head blood-vessel hypothyroidism patients,have the guide meaning to clinical treatment.

Recently, herbal medicine including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained huge attention in the world. In 2015, the global trades of herbal medicine reached 93.15 billion US dollars. And, the latest statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of People's Republic of China showed that total sales of Chinese patent medicine and raw herbs reached 120 billion US dollars in 2014. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the situation of international marketing on herbal medicine and how much TCM shared in it. The PubMed database, search engines and government websites and research reports were searched for analyses. The results showed that total trades of TCM products in both domestic and foreign markets, were about 135 billion US dollars, including Chinese patent medicine, raw herbs, herbal extracts, herbal health care products, whose proportion of the global marketing was 80%.

Objective To investigate whether E.coli infection increases surgical site infection and postoperative fever in comparison with other pathogens.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 506 patients who underwent urethral segment resection and end anastomosis for the bulb or posterior urethral stenosis in our department during 2011 and 2019.According to occurrence of postoperative surgical site infection(SSI)or postoperative fever(POF),they were divided into SSI group(n=19)and non-SSI group(n=487),as well as POF group(n=61)and non-POF group(n=445 patients)respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and LASSO algorithm were used to screen the potential risk factors.According to the results of positive preoperative urine culture in 302 patients,they were subsequently divided into E.coli infection group(n=80)and other pathogen infection group(n=222),and after reducing potential bias with propensity score matching,finally 48 patients were assigned into E.coli infection group,and 192 into other pathogen infection groups.The differences in occurrences of SSI and POF were compared between the above 2 groups of patients.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis and LASSO algorithm revealed that positive preoperative urine culture was an independent risk factor for predicting SSI(P=0.012)and POF(P＜0.01).Among the 302 patients with positive results in preoperative urine culture,E.coli infections was in the first rank,accounting for 26.5％.After propensity score matched treatment,the incidence of SSI in the E.coli group and other pathogen groups was 29.2％and 2.1％,respectively(P＜0.01).The incidence of POF was also higher in the E.coli infection group than the other pathogen infection group(27.1％vs 13.5％,P=0.02).Conclusion Preoperative E.coli infection may increase the risk of SSI and POF after urethroplasty when compared with other pathogen infections.

Rats ; Animals ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/pathology* ; Survivin/genetics* ; Urinary Bladder/pathology* ; Fibrosis