PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine stress, coping, and immune response effects of a psychosocial intervention program based on the PNI model and Stress-Appraisal-Coping for Korean patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants who had survived breast cancer and lived in Wonju city and the surrounding area were assigned to an intervention group (N=21) or a control group(N=18).We conducted a 12-week intervention, 2 hours a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, six and twelve weeks later. Dependent variables are: stress, anxiety-depression and anger, and immune response. RESULTS: Patients in the psychosocial intervention program reported significantly less stress perception (U=31.500, p=.023), more problem solving ability and less problem avoidance in coping (U=20.500, p= .013; U=29.500, p=.040), and less anxiety-depression (U=22.000, p=.023). No difference, however, was found in anger and immune responses between the two groups. Intervention effects were evident at week 6 and 12 for anxiety-depression, and at week 6 for problem avoidance in coping, the same time that NK cell counts and the T8 decreased. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested positive effects of a psychosocial intervention program. However, the results are inconclusive due to the small sample.
Stress, Psychological/etiology/*therapy ; *Social Support ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/*psychology ; Adult ; *Adaptation, Psychological

Sagittal spinal balance is an essential factor for not only the external appearance, but also for the spine's function. Fixed sagittal imbalance is the result of different causes, and this generally requires surgical treatment. Sagittal imbalance is mainly caused by decreased lumbar lordosis and increased thoracic kyphosis, and it can also be influenced by the pelvic incidence and flexion contracture of the hip and knee joints. So, a careful understanding and clinically considering the many factors and compensatory mechanisms that are associated with sagittal imbalance are needed. Proper surgical treatments provide a satisfactory outcome for these patients and good radiographic results. Correction of sagittal imbalance generally requires spinal osteotomy and long segment fusion. For the surgical treatment, we should consider the perioperative and postoperative complications of osteotomy and long segment fusion and then make proper decisions for the range of fusion of the proximal and distal sides and the selection of the correct method of osteotomy, the ideal correction angle and the best method of internal fixation. Problems such as loss of correction may occur postoperatively due to kyphotic change and pseudarthrosis of the proximal and distal sides. Therefore, we need to conduct a thorough analysis and make a detailed plan for the surgical approach. We should also study and understand the radiological factors when treating sagittal spinal balance because not only the spine, but also the pelvis, hip and knee joints are involved in forming the sagittal balance
Animals ; Contracture ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Joint ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Osteotomy ; Pelvis ; Postoperative Complications ; Pseudarthrosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a psychosocial stress management program on stress and coping in student nurses. METHOD: A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used. A convenience sample of 24 students from the Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University were assigned to experimental (n=12) and control groups (n=12). Stress was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (10 points) and blood cortisol. Coping was measured using a scale modified by So (1995) based on the Ways of Coping Checklist developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1985). Depression was measured using the CES-D by Radloff (1977) and state anxiety, using the State Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1976). The psychosocial stress management program included education, relaxation (Korean Dan Jeon-typed Breathing and music), and social support. RESULTS: Results showed for the two groups, 1) a significant difference in stress scores (U= 19.50, p=0.002), 2) no difference in cortisol levels (8am, 4pm), 3) a significant difference in problem-focused coping (U=25.50, p=0.007), 4) no difference in emotion-focused coping, and 5) no difference in state anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: By utilizing the program, students were able to learn how to control their stress and improve their coping. Therefore with a partial modification, psychosocial stress management can be useful for continual management of stress in student nurses.
Anxiety ; Checklist ; Depression ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Nursing ; Relaxation ; Respiration ; Visual Analog Scale

PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a psychosocial stress management program on stress and coping in student nurses. METHOD: A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used. A convenience sample of 24 students from the Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University were assigned to experimental (n=12) and control groups (n=12). Stress was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (10 points) and blood cortisol. Coping was measured using a scale modified by So (1995) based on the Ways of Coping Checklist developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1985). Depression was measured using the CES-D by Radloff (1977) and state anxiety, using the State Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1976). The psychosocial stress management program included education, relaxation (Korean Dan Jeon-typed Breathing and music), and social support. RESULTS: Results showed for the two groups, 1) a significant difference in stress scores (U= 19.50, p=0.002), 2) no difference in cortisol levels (8am, 4pm), 3) a significant difference in problem-focused coping (U=25.50, p=0.007), 4) no difference in emotion-focused coping, and 5) no difference in state anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: By utilizing the program, students were able to learn how to control their stress and improve their coping. Therefore with a partial modification, psychosocial stress management can be useful for continual management of stress in student nurses.
Anxiety ; Checklist ; Depression ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Nursing ; Relaxation ; Respiration ; Visual Analog Scale

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a socioculturally-appropriate psychosocial intervention program for Korean patients with breast cancer and test its effects on stress, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies. METHODS: One group pretest and posttest design was used to test the effects of the intervention. A post-intervention interview was conducted to refine the nature of the intervention. A convenience sample of 10 breast cancer survivors was recruited from the outpatients clinics. Psychosocial intervention was developed to provide the health education, stress management, coping skill training and support weekly(90min) for 6 weeks. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in stress scores following the intervention(Z= -2.388, p=0.017). However, no significant changes were noted in the use of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, nor in the changes of anxiety and depression levels. Content analysis of interview data revealed six clusters; changes in perception, changes in problem solving approaches, changes in anger management, changes in life pattern, social support and reduction of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: Based on quantitative and qualitative data, we recommend the refinements of the intervention in the following areas for future studies: 1) duration, activities, and progression of psychosocial intervention; 2) research design and sample size; and 3) measurements.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; *Patient Education as Topic ; Pilot Projects ; *Social Support ; Stress, Psychological/*therapy ; Survivors/*psychology

It is a great challenge for dentists to do prosthetic restorations of a patient with reduced occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Proper determination of the OVD is significant. An 85-year-old male patient came in with missing right maxillary posterior teeth. After diagnostic wax-up, reversible provisional prostheses were used to evaluate the new OVD in the maxilla and mandible. After that, the patient was evaluated clinically based on the criteria of esthetic, phonetic, and OVD. After 8 weeks, teeth with excessive wear were treated with root canal therapy and fiber post and core and irreversible provisional prostheses were done. After 8 weeks of observation period, final restorations with fixed partial dentures and removable partial dentures were made. Throughout the follow-up period of 6 months, no symptoms related with increased OVD and mechanical complications were observed.
Aged, 80 and over ; Dentists ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Denture, Partial, Removable ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Porphyrins ; Prostheses and Implants ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth ; Vertical Dimension

In case of missing of permanent teeth by trauma or innate defect, the decision of treatment modalities and application timing have an important effect on the prognosis of oral rehabilitation. In this case report, interdisciplinary approach between the orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment, the way to re-establish the collapsed occlusal vertical dimension, and implant prosthetic considerations will be discussed. Proper diagnosis on teeth and craniofacial skeleton was made prior to treatment and provisional restorations were used in regard of growth patterns of the patient. Finally, the edentulous areas were restored with fixed implant prostheses. Diagnosis, treatment rationale and prognosis will be discussed thoroughly.
Adolescent* ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Tooth* ; Vertical Dimension

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Stents*

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common non-epithelial neoplasm arising in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation among the clinicopathologic features, presence of c-kit mutation, and immunohistochemical expression of c-kit in 61 cases of GISTs. METHODS: We divided the GISTs into three groups as benign, boderline and malignant, according to histologic grade. Exon 11 of the c-kit was amplified by PCR and sequenced. We performed immunohistochemical study for CD117, CD34, vimentin, SMA, desmin, and S-100 protein. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases were diagnosed as benign GISTs, 14 cases as borderline GISTs, and 26 cases as malignant GISTs. The shape, atypia, cellularity, and necrosis showed good correlations with the histologic grades of the GISTs.Mutations of exon 11 of the c-kit were detected in 3 benign GISTs, 4 borderline GISTs, and 13(%) malignant GISTs. Sequence analysis confirmed the deletion mutation (n=16) and the singlebase pair mutation (n=4). The immunohistochemical stainings showed myogenic differentiation(n=20), neurogenic differentiation (n=15), and neither myogenic or neurogenic differentiation(n=34). CONCLUSIONS: The GIST is the primitive mesenchymal tumor capable of divergent differentiation, and the mutation of the c-kit is a good parameter for the malignant GIST.
Desmin ; Exons ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; Necrosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; S100 Proteins ; Sequence Analysis ; Sequence Deletion ; Vimentin

Infantile digital fibromatosis(IDF) is a rare, benign fibrous tumor, first described in 1965 by Reye. IDF may occur single or multiple lesions exclusively on the fingers or toes, rare occurrence outside the digit have been reported. This tumor grow slowly and may adhere to the deeper tissue, and may lead to deformity of the digit, but do not distant metastasis or dissemination. There is a marked tendency for recurrence after surgical excision. Up to now, only 6 cases have been reported in the literature showing spontaneous regression. We experienced a case of infantile digital fibromatosis located on hypothenar area at birth. Also that spontaneous regressed at 13 months of age. We reported a case of IDF showing spontaneous regression with brief review of related literature.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Fibroma* ; Fingers ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Parturition ; Recurrence ; Toes