Objective,To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.Methods,Forty-six patients (29 men,17 women,age ranged 11-72,mean age 41.5) with tuberculous meningitis were examined with MRI.The MRI findings of tuberculous meningitis were analyzed retrospectively.Results,On pre-contrast T1WI and T2WI,meningeal lesions in the basal cistern region were detected in twenty cases.Abnormal meningeal thickening and enhancement were found in 38 patients.Meningeal and cerebral miliary tuberculous foci were demonstrated in 21 cases.Ependymal involvement was found in six patients and cranial nerves were affected in other two patients.No abnormal meningeal enhancement was detected in eight mild cases.On the follow-up images in nine patients,the abnormal findings alleviated in varied degree or,remained unchanged.Conclusion,The pathological changes in tuberculous meningitis could be demonstrated effectively by specific findings on MRI.MRI,especially the post-contrast MRI,proved a reliable modality in clinical diagnosis and assessment of tuberculous meningitis.

Objective To identify the neuroimaging determinants which could predict the occurrence of the vascular dementia (VaD). Methods The findings of cranial MRI were compared in 30 VaD patients and 30 stroke without dementia (SWD) patients by means of quantitative measurement of some indexes. The indexes of measurement included the cerebral white matter lesion (WML) area, the cerebral infarct area, the ratio of ventricle to brain(VBR) and the ratio between the areas of the corpus callosum and supratentorial brain at the midsaggittal plane. Discriminant analysis was used to search for the indexes which could contribute significantly to distinguishing the two groups. Results Small cerebral vessel disease and multi infarct were two major basal diseases of VaD in this series. The WML areas( t =-3.544, P =0.000), the left cortical infarct( Z =-2.538, P =0.011) and VBR ( t =4.475, P =0.000) were significantly higher and the corpus collsum areas( t = -4 616, P =0.000) was significantly lower in the VaD group than that in the SWD group. The indexes that could significantly discriminate the two groups was: callosal atrophy, ventricle to brain ratio, WML area, left cortical infarct area, left parietal infarct area, total cortical infarct area. Conclusions Callosal atrophy, lateral ventricle enlargement and extensive WML are important predictors of incidence of dementia in the small vessel disease; however, left cortical infarct, especially left parietal infarct, is important predictor of incidence of dementia in the multi infarct.

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the diagnostic value of co registration and fusion of positron emission tomography and MR images in Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods Twelve patients with AD (53-83 years) and six normal volunteer (45-71 years) were scanned by positron emission tomography (PET) and MR imaging. The interval between two examination was 1-32 days (average:18 2?11 6 days). The disc and magnetic tape were used to transfer the imaging data to image work station (SGI O 2), then the special software for co registration and fusion: Statistical Parametric Map was used to do automatic co registration between PET and MR images of brain in 3D. Results The findings of PET was completely accorded with the changes of AD in 9 patients (9/12), and accorded with AD, but should be differentiate from other diseases in 3 cases (3/12). According to the measurement of special cerebral structures, MR images could make the diagnosis of AD in 11 patients (11/12), and had no abnormal finding in 1 case. The medial temporal atrophy could be seen on the MR images co registrated with PET in AD patients, on the other hand, PET demonstrated the pink color region of metabolic rate of glucose decreased in temporoparietal lobes of cerebral hemisphere. The similar findings depicted on fusion images as red color region of metabolic rate of glucose decreased in temporoparietal lobes. Conclusion The co registrated images can accurately observe the abnormal findings of PET and MR images, and fix the location of foci depicted by PET, in addition, fusion images increase the contrast of the foci. Analyzing the images of co registration and fusion of PET and MRI can lead to the diagnosis of AD in all the patients.

By taking Vrije University Medical Center as an example, this paper introduced the cur-rent Neuroradiologist education training system which had the characteristics of training in a comprehen-sive and focused way, multi-disciplinary integration and paying attention to the combination of academic and clinical research. Through the comparison of the status quo of China's sub specialist training, Neuro-radiologist education training system in the Netherlands provided an important reference for China's sub specialty training.

Objective To evaluate the value of measurement of medial temporal structure by MR imaging volumetry in the differential diagnosis for patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and subcotical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) Methods Thirty three probable patients of AD, 33 normal controls, and 17 patients suspected with SIVD had been scanned by MRI, and volumetric measurements of amygdala (AMY), hippocampal formations (HF), entorhinal cortices (EC), parahippocampal gyri (PHG), and temporal horn of lateral ventricle (TH) were done on a serial reconstructed MR images Results Both atrophy of HF and dilatation of TH were significant ( P

Objective To compare the discriminative ability of MRI linear measurements and volumetric measurements between patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and control subjects, and to evaluate their clinical value. Methods The study group consisted of 32 patients with probable Alzheimer disease and 32 healthy control subjects. Linear measurements and volumetric measurements of the bilateral hippocampal formations, temporal horns of lateral ventricle, parahippocampal gyri, and entorhinal cortices were performed on the serial reconstructed MR images. Discriminant analysis was used to identify measurements independently contributing to discriminating between AD and control subjects. Results With a stepwise method, the right height of temporal horn and right thickness of entorhinal cortex of linear measurements entered the function. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of this function were 96.9%, 84.4%, and 90.6%, respectively. The left entorhinal cortex and left hippocampus of volumetric measurements entered the other discriminant function. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the second function were 100.0%, 90.6%, and 95.3%, respectively. All the linear and volumetric measurements of cerebral regions were significantly different between AD group and control subjects(t= -6.80～12.53,P

Objective To primarily explore the relationship between technical parameters of CT scanner and the quality of CT film.Methods Thirteen sets of CT system were tested and seven technical parameters of each CT scanner were collected,then the CT films from the tested CT system were collected and the quality of CT films were quantitatively analyzed according to "the clinical evaluative standard of CT film" by our study group.The multi-variable linear regression analysis of technical parameters of the CT scanner and the remarks of the quality of CT film was performed.Results There was linear regression relationship between the physical parameters (including CT dose index,mean CT value of water,noise,uniformity,high contrast resolution,low contrast resolution,and the linear CT value) and the score of CT film.However,among them,only low contrast resolution had statistical significant influence on the score of CT films (t= -2.460,P=0.049).Conclusion Low contrast resolution has significant influence on the quality of CT film and further study of the relationship between other physical parameters and the quality of CT film will be needed.

The hybrid PET/MR has a unique advantage of simultaneous scanning of both PET and MRI images,which has been gradually applied in clinical practice.In the clinical studies of severe brain diseases (such as cerebrovascular disease,brain tumor and epilepsy),accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) can help to understand the etiology,pathogenesis,and to make early diagnosis as well as therapeutic solutions.The hybrid PET/MR can implement a noninvasive,convenient and accurate method of arterial input function for quantification of CBF.The application of the hybrid PET/MR in quantification of cerebral blood flow were reviewed in this article.

Objective To probe the application of CT cerebral perfusion imaging on transient ischemic attacks(TIA) Methods Conventional CT and CT cerebral perfusion imaging were performed on 5 normal adults and 20 patients with clinically diagnosed TIA After regular CT examination, dynamic scans of 40 seconds were performed on selected slice (usually on the basal ganglia slice), while 40 ml non ionic contrast material were bolus injected through antecubital vein with These dynamic images were processed with the "Perfusion CT" software package on a PC based workstation Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and time to peak (TP) enhancement were measured within specific regions of the brain on CT perfusion images Quantitative analysis was performed for these images Results A gradient of perfusion between gray matter and white matter was showed on CT perfusion images in normal adults and TIA patients CBF and TP for normal cortical and white matter were 378 2 ml?min -1 ?L -1 , 7 8 s and 112 5 ml?min -1 ?L -1 , 9 9 s, respectively In 20 cases with TIA, persisting abnormal perfusion changes corresponding to clinical symptoms were found in 15 cases with prolonged TP Other 5 cases showed normal results TP of affected side (11 8?4 4) s compared with that of the contralateral side (9 1?3 1) s was significantly prolonged ( t =5 277, P

0.05) The correlation coefficients were 0 52-0 96 (2) The correlation coefficients of left ventricular mass(EDM and ESM) among three methods were lower than those of left ventricular volume ,and there was statistically significant difference in ESM between MRI and echocardiography( P