OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors of colorectal cancer in China. METHODS: The results of 14 case-control studies from 1988 to 2000 were analyzed by means of Meta-analysis. The total numbers of cases and controls were 5034 and 5205 respectively. Dersimonian and Laird random effective models were applied in processing data. RESULTS: Light physical activities and dietary fibers were protective factors (pooled OR<0.8); while histories of fecal mucohemorrhage, chronic diarrhea and bowel polyps were highly associated with colorecatal cancer (pooled OR >4) The stratified results indicated that there were probably some differences between OR values of some factors if using different sources of cases and controls or using different data from the north and south of China. CONCLUSION: Risks of colorectal cancer are significantly associated with the histories of intestinal diseases or relative symptoms, fatty food, psychic attack and family history of cancers. The light physical activities and dietary fibers are probably protective factors.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,of which non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the majority.The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has greatly changed the treatment strategy of NSCLC and improved the prognosis of patients.However,in reality,only a small number of patients can achieve long-term benefit.Therefore,the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers is essential for the selection of treatment mo-dalities.With the development of molecular biology and genome sequencing technology in recent years,as well as the in-depth understanding of tumor and its host immune microenvironment,research on biomarkers has emerged in an endless stream.This review focuses on the predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC,in order to provide some guidance for precision immunotherapy.