The present study was aimed at the optimal solution of the main muscular force distribution in the lower extremity during standing balance of human. The movement musculoskeletal system of lower extremity was simplified to a physical model with 3 joints and 9 muscles. Then on the basis of this model, an optimum mathematical model was built up to solve the problem of redundant muscle forces. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to calculate the single objective and multi-objective problem respectively. The numerical results indicated that the multi-objective optimization could be more reasonable to obtain the distribution and variation of the 9 muscular forces. Finally, the coordination of each muscle group during maintaining standing balance under the passive movement was qualitatively analyzed using the simulation results obtained.
Algorithms ; Gait ; Humans ; Joints ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Movement ; Muscles ; physiology ; Postural Balance

Objective To study the association between platelet distribution width (PDW) and other indexes in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with heart failure (HF).Methods Five hundred and ninety-one CHD patients with HF were divided into control group with their NT-proBNP＜300 ng/L (n=228),mild HF group with their NT-proBNP=300-3000 ng/L (n=191),and severe HF group with their NT-proBNP＞3000 ng/L(n=172).Their blood and echocardiographic parameters were recorded.Results The PDW was significantly shorter in 3 groups after treatment than before treatment (0.129±0.031 vs 0.133±0.027,0.133±0.030 vs 0.141± 0.029,0.139±0.028 vs 0.148±0.029,P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and was significantly longer in mild HF group and severe HF group than in control group and in severe HF group than in mild HF group after tgreatment (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that PDW was positively associated with NT-proBNP and LAD (P=0.001,P=0.000) and negatively associated with LVEF (P=0.003).Conclusion PDW increases with the severity of HF in CHD patients and can thus play an auxiliary role in assessing the severity of their HF.

Hypertriglyceridemia is one of the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism.Besides regulating thyroid hormone axis,thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) also has the effect on up-regulated expression of inflammatory cytokines.Synthesis of inflammatory factors can promote the expression of apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells,suggesting that TSH may up-regulate the expression of ApoB48 by inducing inflammation; while theoratically,low-level of thyroid hormones can inhibit the synthesis of ApoB48.At the same time,since ApoB48 is the important cause of hypertriglyceridemia,there is a contradiction that it is difficult to explain the clinical phenomenon of hypertriglyceridemia induced by hypothyroidism.Therefore,hypothyroidism may affect the expression of ApoB48 by high level of TSH and low level of thyroid hormones,leading to hypertriglyceridemia.

As the dressings currently used in clinic settings unflat shape in general, they can't be fitted completely on occiput, heel, elbow, knee and other body parts unflat. This paper developed one kind of foam dressing of special shape based on local anatomy. The foam dressing is waterproof and air permeable, it can cover the wound closely enough to prevent bacteria from invasion and infection. With a saturated absorption ratio of 1: 8 or higher, it can keep the wound clean and moisture by absorbing large amounts of wound inflammatory secretions and is almost completely permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. Assuring safety and effect meanwhile, it has better outcomes than common dressings in the same application settings.
Bandages ; Wound Healing

Objective To explore the efficacy of saxagliptin in the treatment of failed glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the basis of established treatments.Methods 172 cases of failed glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from June 2013 to December 2014 in department of endocrinology of the first hospital of Ningbo were selected and received health education of 8 weeks, then received saxagliptin on the basis of established treatments for a consecutive treatment of 12 weeks.The HbA1c, fasting blood glucose ( FBG), 2-hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), body mass index (BMI), insulin dosage and adverse event were observed.Results The FBG,HbA1c and 2hPBG after treatment of 12 weeks were significantly lower than those pre-treatment[(7.1 ±2.0)vs.(8.3 ±1.6)mmol/L,(10.2 ±2.3)vs.(15.2 ±2.9)mmol/L,(7.0 ±1.5) vs.(8.0 ±1.7)%], with significant difference (all P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in BMI between pre-and post-treatment [(24.4 ±3.0)vs.(24.9 ±2.7)kg/m2].The insulin dose after treatment of 12 weeks was significantly lower than that pre-treatment[(22.6 ±7.9)vs. (32.3 ±8.2) U/d], with significant difference (P <0.05).There were two patients dropout because of the intolerable digestive tract symptom. Conclusion The adding of saxagliptin could control FBG,2hPBG and HbA1c effectively and decrease insulin dose, without gaining weight in the treatment of failed glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the basis of established treatments.

This paper analyzed current problems and challenges facing hospitals in alarm management both abroad and at home. Based on a survey conducted on alarm management in hospitals, plus an analysis on different kinds of data interfaces and data exchange protocols of the medical equipment used in ICUs, a solution of alarm management is put forwarded which is based on alarm information integration and processing. It aims at improving medical equipment alarm management and reducing relevant adverse events.
Automatic Data Processing ; Clinical Alarms ; Intensive Care Units

Aged ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

This paper, using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry, brain-lesion and di-isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) pretreatment techniques, studies AChE distribution in the tectum-nucleus isthmi systems in frogs and pigeons. In these two species of animals, the tectal laminae densely stained for AChE are roughly coincided with the retinotectal projections. Staining pattern in the frog nucleus isthmi consists of 3 areas with different staining intensities. The dorsolateral area being most densely stained. In pigeons, the nucleus isthmi pars parvocellularis (Ipc) and pars magnocellularis (Imc) are densely and evenly stained. Following local lesion of tectum, stainings in the frog nucleus isthmi and pigeon Ipc are topographically reduced or disappeared. DFP-treatment shows that tectal cells, with the exception of cells in layer III containing rich AChE, have moderate or low concentrations of AChE. The isthmic cells are rich in AChE. In the tectum-lesioned pigeons, AChE-stained isthmic cells in the topographical area are reduced in number and paler in color. These results suggest that in amphibians and birds both the tectoisthmic projection and the isthmotectal projection could be cholinergic pathways in nature.

Aim To study the effect of Rutoside (Ru) on pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods The AP model in rats was induced by retrograde injection of 3% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Ru (15, 30 and 60 mg?kg~ -1 ?h~ -1 )was administered by intravenous infusion for 6 hours immediately after the induction of AP.The histopathological changes of pancreas were observed under light microscope and electronic microscope.A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotion nick end labeling(TUNEL) method was used to detect apotosis of pancreatic acinar cell and apoptosis immunohistochemical method. Results Ru (15, 30 and 60 mg?kg~ -1 ?h~ -1 ) improved the histopathological changes of pancreas significantly.The apotosis index of pancreatic acinar cells was significantly higher than that the AP model group. The gray value of Fas was lower than that of the AP model group. Immuno-staining revealed that moderate to strong FasL immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm of the acini of all groups.But in AP model group,the gray value of FasL was lower than that in Ru-treated groups.AI was positively correlated with the gray value of Fas,and was negatively correlated with the gray value of FasL and the severity of pancreas damages. Conclusion The protective effect of Ru on AP may be concerned with the induction of apoptosis in injured pancreatic acinar cells.And the Fas/FasL system may contribute to the process.

Objective To determine the normal range of minimal erythema dose (MED) of normal skin to ultraviolet A (UVA) and B (UVB). Methods The definition of MED is the dose of UVA required to induce a just perceptible erythema on an individual′s skin 24 hours after irradiation. One hundred and eighteen subjects including healthy volunteers and patients with noninflammatory skin disorders were enrolled and studied with SUV1000 type UV simulator in March 2002. Results The average MED value for UVA was 55 J/cm2 (range: 18 - 95 J/cm2) in the males, and 40 J/cm2 (range: 15 - 100 J/cm2) in the females. The average MED value for UVB was 31 mJ/cm2 (range: 12 - 95 mJ/cm2) in the males and 29 mJ/cm2 (range: 8 - 95 mJ/cm2) in the females. The MED value for UVA in the males was significantly higher than that in the females (P 0.05). The MED values for UVA as well as UVB in skin type Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in skin type Ⅳ (UVA-MED: P