Through the questionnaire survey of 2,000 patients with dysmenorrhea, the clinical characteristics of dysmenorrhea were investigated, and the reference basis for preventing and controlling dysmenorrhea was provided. The results found that the age of menarche, short menstrual cycle, by volume, long period of time has no obvious relationship with the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea main influence factors to feel cold; syndrome (symptoms) characteristics for the actual situation inclusions mainly, with severity, deficiency symptoms more obvious; in different degrees of dysmenorrhea, frequency of belly chills symptoms appear most, and cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome (symptoms) appear higher frequency; The type of cold coagulation and blood stasis dysmenorrhea was 53.2%. Dysmenorrhea measures to select bed rest most, accounting for 79.6%. For severe dysmenorrhea in patients with drug choice to traditional Chinese combined with western medicine accounted for 43.4%. Selection of Chinese medicine formulations in patients with dysmenorrhea Decoction formulation accounted for the most 26.5%. The survey results, to avoid cold and have a positive effect on the prevention of dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea treatment should pay attention to warming channels to dispel cold.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Dysmenorrhea ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To determine the effect of exogenous wild-type p53(WT-p53) on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines possessing different p53 functional status.Methods With recombinant adenoviral vector expressing WT-p53(Ad-p53),p53 gene was transfected into HCC cell lines:Bel-7402,QGY-7701, and PLC/PRF/5.The cytotoxicities of Ad-p53 to these cell lines were measured by MTT assay,cell growth properties and cell cycle pattern were assessed by flow cytometry.Results The OD of PLC/PRF/5, Bel-7402,and QGY-7701 cells transfected with Ad-p53 of 40,200,and 800 MOI were 0.02?0.00 vs 0.98?0.16(P0.05),compared with control groups respectively. Analysis of flow cytometry showed higher G2/M? lower S and apoptosis ratio in PLC/PRF/5 cells,while higher G0/G1 ratio and lower S ratio in Bel-7402 cells. ConclusionReplication-deficient adenoviral vector expressing WT-p53 may be useful for gene therapy in HCC regardless the status of endogenous p53.

This study taking gestodene (GEST) as a model, investigated the factors affecting reservoir-type intravaginal ring (IVR)'s drug release. This paper reported a gestodene intravaginal ring of reservoir design, comprising a gestodene silicone elastomer core encased in a non-medicated silicone sheath, separately manufactured by reaction injection moulding at 80 degrees C and heating vulcanization at 130 degrees C is reported. The test investigated the factors affecting drug release through a single variable method, taking the drug release rates of 21 days as standards. When changing the thickness of the controlling sheath outside, the ratio of the first day of drug release and mean daily release (MDR), named the relatively burst effect, is closing to 1 with the thickness of controlling sheath increasing, while the 1.25 mm sheath corresponding to 1.04 controlled the burst release effectively; a positive correlation (r = 0.992 2) existed between the average drug release (Q/t) and drug loading (A) within a certain range. The C6-165 controlling sheath with high solubility of GEST is easier to achieve controlled release of the drug; GEST crystalline power is more effective to implement controlled release of drugs among difficent states of the drug. A 1/4 fractional segment core gives a relatively burst effect of 1.76, while the 1/1 and 1/2 are 1.93 and 1.87 separately, at the same drug loading, concluding that use of a fractional segment core would allow development of a suitable GEST reservoir IVR. In summary, GEST reservoir-type IVR could be adjusted by the thickness of controlling sheath, the loading of drug, the material properties of controlling sheath, the dispersion state of drug, the additive composition and structure of intravaginal ring, to control the drug release behavior and achieve the desired drug release rate.
Administration, Intravaginal ; Contraceptive Agents, Female ; administration & dosage ; Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Norpregnenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Silicone Elastomers ; chemistry ; Solubility

Objective To evaluate the effects of silicone pessary treatment on relieving the symptoms and improving the life quality of the pelvic organ prolapse patients.Methods From November 2005 to March 2009,33 pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ) patients received silicone pessary coneervative treatment were followed up and required to complete the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) before and after initiating pessary treatment.Results 31 of 33(93.94%) patients finished the follow-up completely.23 of 31(74.19%) patients continually used the pessary.The follow up time was 3 to 17 (10.04±2.57) months.27 patients completed the PFDI-20 questionnaires.Before silicone pessary treatment, PFDI20 total score,POPDI6 (Pelvic organ prolapse distress inventory),CARDI8 (colorectal anal distress inventory 8) and UDI6 (urinary distress inventory 6) scores were (54.16±36.12),(27.78±17.30),(0.61±1.01) and (25.77± 24.10),respectively.After the treatment of pessary,the scores decreased to (20.20±25.98), (4.48±5.88), (0.45±0.84) and (15.28± 21.53),respectively.Except for CARDI8,the PFDI scores decreased significantly after the pessary treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion Silicone pessary is a viable noninvasive treatment for pelvic organ prolapse.It could relieve the symptoms and improve the life quality of protrusion and voiding dysfunction patients.

Objective To establish a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing human interferon-?(IFN-?) cDNA,and investigate the expression of IFN-? gene in transfected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Methods pcDNA3-IFN-?,established by subcloning IFN-? cDNA into a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3,was mediated into HCC cell lines SMMC-7721 and QGY-7701 by lipofectamine. The transfected HCC cells were selected in RPMI1640 containing G418(400～700?g).RT-PCR analysis and ELISA assay were used for mRNA transcription and protein expression of IFN-? gene. Results IFN-? mRNA was detected only in pcDNA3-IFN-? transfected cell lines, and high levels of IFN-? protein were detected only in the supernatants of IFN-? gene-modified cell lines. Conclusions pcDNA3-IFN-? can stably expressIFN-? cDNA in the transfected HCC cell strains

Objective To investigate the effects of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on interleukin-10 (IL-10) and mononuclear macrophages in a mouse model of gallbladder cancer.Methods Mouse models of gallbladder cancer were constructed by inoculating the human gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD subcutaneously in 20 BALB/C mice,and then all the mice were randomly divided into the IFN-γ group and the control group (10 mice in each group).Murine recombinant IFN-γ (0.1 mL,1 × 105 kU/L,diluted with normal saline) was injected into the tumors in the IFN-γgroup,and normal saline was injected into the tumors in the control group.The expression of IL-10 was detected by ELISA,and the numbers of CD14 + cells (mononuclear macrophages),CD64 + cells (M1 macrophages) and CD206+ cells (M2 macrophages) were counted by the immunohistochemistry.All data were analyzed using the Student's t test.Results The mouse models of gallbladder cancer were successfully constructed 1 week later.Nine mice survived in the IFN-γ group,and 7 mice survived in the control group.The tumor weight was (518 ± 138)mg in the IFN-γ group and (669 ± 128)mg in the control group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups (t =2.240,P ＞ 0.05).The volume of the tumor was (456 ± 172)mm3 in the IFN-γ group and (505 ± 146)mm3 in the control group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =1.503,P ＞ 0.05).The concentration of IL-10 was (58 ± 16) μg/g in the IFN-γgroup,which was significantly lower than (102 ± 45) μg/g in the control group (t =2.796,P ＜ 0.05).The number of mononuclear macrophages was 81 ± 16 in the IFN-γ group,which was significantly greater than 50 ± 21 in the control group; the number of M1 macrophages was 66 ± 12 in the IFN-γ group,which was significantly greater than 9 ± 4 in the control group ; the number of M2 macrophages was 15 ± 4 in the IFN-γgroup,which was significantly lower than 40 ± 14 in the control group (t =3.214,13.127,6.914,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions IFN-γ could decrease the concentration of IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment,and it could induce the mononuclear macrophage to infiltrate into the stroma of the gallbladder cancer cells,and most of the monocytes and macrophages were differentiate to M1 macrophages.Gallbladder neoplasms; Interleukin-10; Interferon-γ; Mononuclear macrophages

Objective To assess the influence of concentrations of sucrose on Streptococcus tautens (S. mutans) gbpC expression. Methods Total RNA was extracted from S. mutans after cultured in 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% sucrose and then reversely transcripted to cDNA. By TaqMan RT-RCR technique, we checked gbpC expression. Results Compared with 0.5% sucrose, 1.0% sucrose significantly upregulated gbpC expression(P<0.05); gbpC expression of more-adherent S. mutans strains was higher than that of less-adherent strains, Conclusion The upregulation of gbpC expression by sucrose may be one of the mechanisms underlying the increased adherence; There might be some correlation between gbpC expression andS. mutans adherence.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Castleman Disease ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the value of interventional therapy in unruptured intracranial aneurysms combined with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM).Methods Data of 23 patients with unruptured aneurysms combined with BAVM were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were treated with interventional embolization,and the embolization methods were choosen according to the Redekop classification.The proximal or distal hemodynamic aneurysms were embolized with coils,and the intranidal aneurysms were embolized with Onyx.The outcome was assessed by the Glasgow outcome score (GOS) one week after treatment.DSA scan was used to observe whether there was recurrence during 3-6 months after embolization.Results Totally there were 36 aneurysms in 23 patients,including 8 intranidal aneurysms,16 proximal flow-related aneurysms,11 distal flow-related aneurysms and 1 unrelated aneurysm.Embolizations of 16 proximal hemodynamic aneurysms and l0 distal hemodynamic aneurysms were done with coils.And embolization of 8 intranidal aneurysms were done with Onyx.One distal hemodynamic aneurysm was not embolized due to the difficulty of embolization and the regular shap of aneurysm;and the patient died of cerebral hernia caused by intracranial hemorrhage on the sixth day after embolization.Because it was more suitable for surgical clipping,1 unrelated hemodynamic aneurysm was not embolized.In 23 cases,BAVM were completely embolized in 7 cases and incompletely embolized in 16 cases.A week after operation,the GOS score were 5 in 19 cases and 4 in 3 cases.The GOS score was not evaluated in the dead case.Except for 1 cases of death,the other 22 cases were followed up after embolization.No recurrence and intracranial hemorrhage occurred.Conclusion Interventional treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms combined with BAVM is safe and effective.Making treatment plan according to the hemodynamic characteristics of lesions and completely embolizing all lesions to prevent postoperative bleeding is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To study the role of esophagogastric junction contractile index (EGJ-CI) in evaluating the function of anti-reflux barrier,and in differentiating patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) from those with functional heartburn (FH).Methods A total of 115 patients presenting heartburn were enrolled in the study from January 2012 to June 2015.All subjects had completed Gerd-Q questionnaire and undergone gastroscopy,24-hour pH-impedance monitoring and esophageal high-resolution manometry.GERD patients were divided into as reflux esophagitis,acid-nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and weakly acid-NERD groups.Patients with normal esophageal mucosa,normal acid exposure and negative proton pump inhibitor test were enrolled in FH group.EGJ-CI (mmHg · cm) as well as EGJ rest pressure and 4s integrated relaxation pressure (IRP 4s) were measured.Results Among the 115 patients,18 were reflux esophagitis [(49.0 ± 18.9) years,M ∶ F =10 ∶ 8],25 were acid-NERD [(48.7 ± 14.4) years,M∶F=13∶ 12],37 were weakly acid-NERD [(52.0 ±14.8) years,M∶F=15∶22] and 35 were FH [(53.6 ± 14.8),M∶ F =8∶27].No differences of Gerd-Q scores were noticed between the four groups.(1) Negative correlations were demonstrated between EGJ-CI and esophageal acid exposure time (r =-0.283,P =0.002),EGJ-CI and acid reflux events (r =-0.233,P =0.012),EGJ-CI and weakly acid reflux events (r =-0.213,P =0.022),EGJ-CI and non-acid reflux events (r =-0.200,P =0.032).(2)The value of EGJ-CI was significantly higher in FH patients than in the three subgroups of GERD(all P ＜ 0.01).EGJ rest pressure of FH group was higher than that of acid-NERD (P ＜ 0.01).IRP 4s in acid-NERD group was lower than that of FH and weakly acid-NERD (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The area under curve (AUC) of EGJ-CI was higher than that of EGJ-CIT,EGJ rest pressure or IRP 4s (0.686 vs 0.678,0.641 and 0.578).The cut-off value of EGJ-CI to differentiate GERD from FH was 9.74 mmHg · cm with sensitivity 82.86％ and specificity 51.52％.Conclusions The EGJ-CI values are negatively correlated with esophageal acid exposure time,weakly acid reflux events and non-acid reflux events.Thus it might be used as a metric to reflect the anti-reflux function of EGJ.According to the cut-off value of EGJ-CI 9.74 mmHg · cm,patients with GERD can be sensitively differentiated from patients with FH.