Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common serious chronic respiratory diseases in premature infants.In recent years,BPD has been significantly increasing with the improved survival rate of extremely preterm babies.About 10％ of neonates with mechanical ventilation might suffer from BPD,and this may lead to a great burden and costs to both the family and the society.A variety of risk factors has been proposed to be associated with BPD in preterm infants.However recent abroad researches indicated that genetic factors might predispose to BPD of preterm neonates,and initial results of domestic related researches inferred that several susceptibility genes might contribute to BPD development in Han preterm infants.This review focuses on recent publications related to genetic factors that may potentially contribute to BPD.

Enterovirus 71(EV71),a member of human enterovirus family,was first isolated from faeces of a central nervous system infected infant in 1969.In recent 30 years,EV71 outbreaks every 2-3 years in the Asia-Pacific regions,and is the main pathogen causing severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD).Severe HFMD caused by EV71 involves in central nervous system and respiratory system disorder.In general,EV71 associated complication is related to the viral invasion of central nervous system,leads to pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage.It is of great significance to study the clinical features and pathogenesis of EV71 infection,and then take positive and effective measures to block the occurrence of its complications.

Coordinated care delivery is faced with various challenges to carry out in China,which are major decisions to make for decision makers,including how to push forward,how to deliver resources, services and patients to primary institutions,and how to ease the difficulties and affordability of seeing doctors.Based on analysis of roadblocks in coordinated care delivery in China,the authors provided near-term and long-term policy recommendations on the system,including how to build a scientific and reasonable healthcare delivery system,coordinated care delivery by stages,building incentives and constraint mechanisms,and enhancing public awareness and patient-doctor education.

Concept of coordinated care delivery is clearly defined,before a comparative analysis is made between such a concept and the integrated care delivery concept which is popular overseas and similar.On such basis,a theory framework is established for building and implementing such care delivery in line with the integrated theory of care delivery systems.Coordinated care delivery system now in place in China aims at rationally delivering medical resources,services and patients to primary institutions,by means of efficiently distributing resources and service systems and integrating care delivery flows,thus offering patients with cost effective and appropriate services and optimizing the care delivery system.

Hydronephrosis is one of the most common urological diseases in children.Most of hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction.Whether these children need operations were being argued.The current tendency is when the renal function become worse,operation is suggested needed,in order to save the renal function.So the methods how to evaluate the renal function are especially important,this article related to the current research and review.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer) ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Infant ; Picornaviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use

Objective To evaluate the effect of initial empirical antibiotherapy in CAP since the practice of the clinical path -way and the classification management of antibiotic and the analysis of sputum culture .Methods One hundred and sixty patients with CAP consistent with the clinical pathway were divided according to the preferred choice of empiric antibiotherapy , the results of disea-ses distribution, objective, number, therapeutic effect, drug distribution and sputum culture were listed .Results The most preferred antibiotic of initial empiric antibiotherapy were penicillins with a β-lactamase inhibitor, bibasic cephalosporin and respiratory fluoro -quinolone, it was identical with the recommendation of guideline and indirectly demonstrated that the pathogen of CAP was identical with the guideline.Conclusions The initial therapy of CAP is still depended on empirical antibiotherapy , the most CAP are cured by correct empirical antibiotharepy according to the guideline , the instruction effect of the pathogen detection of sputum to the therapy of CAP is limited.

Analyzed in the paper is the present development of medical rehabilitation service system in Beijing,Changsha,and Urumqi,in an effort to identify key measures,and discover problems found with the policy environment and system building.Based on such findings,the authors proposed such measures as developing policies and regulations, optimizing resource allocation, strengthening training of rehabilitation personnel and greater publicity.

Interdisciplinary organization is a type of ecosystem,its development process is an eco-style,self-development process of evolution.This paper took Bio-X Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University as an example and analyzed the organizational and developmental features of interdisciplinary organization from the ecological and practical level.The features included the clear and stable organizational strategy,academic leaders with interdisciplinary awareness and excellent research groups,comprehensive interdisciplinary research infrastructure,administrative management and financial support of the university,strict but free cultural atmosphere,effective interdisciplinary research platform,rich interdisciplinary cooperative relationship net-work,effective management system and implementation system,combination of interdisciplinary research and interdisciplinary personnel training.There is ecological management latent and ecological co-evolution idea implicated in the construction and development of the Bio-X institute,which presents an ecological process of evolution.

Based on the research standpoint of internal needs,innovative research and management practice,the paper revealed and deeply discussed the 20 drivers behind the full play of medical doctor students' innovative behavior through the use of the method of questionnaire,expert in-depth interviews.