By functional plates,16 strains which can produce?-mannana-se were isolated frnm 28 Bacillus spp.Using a pair of degenerated primers,the conserved fragments of?-mannanase gene from the selected strains were amplified by PCR.The obtained nucleotide fragments were sequenced and compared with the homologous?-mannanase genes in GenBank and a phylogenetic tree was generated.Comparing to the genes coding?-mannanase published,the cloned nucleotide fragments show the highest sequence identity between 62% and 98%.The genes coding fnr?-mannanase of Bacillus circulus have low identity while the?-mannanase genes of Bacillus subtilis and other Bacillus spp. have high identity.

Objective To analyze the relationship between pre － pregnancy body mass index ( BMI) ，gestational weight gain ( GWG) and the birth weight of infants，and explore the effect of weight change before and during pregnancy on low birth weight ( LBW) and macrosomia． Methods Women were enrolled by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study during first trimester． Each respondent＇s weight before and during pregnancy and the birth weight of infant were collected after fellow up． Prepregnancy BMI was divided into underweight，normal and overweight /obesity groups and GWG was divided into suitable， insufficient and excessive groups． Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship be- tween pre－pregnancy BMI，GWG and newborn＇s birth weight． Ｒesults Women＇s prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with neonatal birth weight ( all P＜0. 05) ． Prepregnancy overweight or obesity ( OＲ=2. 339，95% CI: 1. 674－2. 282，P＜0. 001) and excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 398，95% CI: 1. 188－1. 978，P= 0. 048) were shown as risk factors for macrosomia． Insufficient GWG increased LBW risk ( OＲ = 1. 479， 95% CI: 1. 461－1. 679，P= 0. 035) while excessive GWG declined LBW risk ( OＲ= 0. 428，95% CI: 0. 225 －0. 817，P= 0. 010) ． Under weight－insufficient GWG was risk factor of LBW ( OＲ= 1. 335，95% CI: 1. 048 －2. 319，P= 0. 048) while normal BMI－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 088，95% CI: 1. 016－1. 675，P= 0. 038) and overweight /obesity－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 498，95% CI: 1. 244－2. 017，P= 0. 046) were associated with higher risk of delivering macrosomia． Conclusions Prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with infant＇s birth weight and women were suggested to maintain their weight in recommended range before and during pregnancy．

AIM:To be one of the primary cause injury to multiple sites of ocular of glaucoma which affects over 70 million people worldwide. We applied data mining techniques, linear and the matrix operations, efficiently calculated the network and estimated the possible function of the“node” genes of the retina and optic of glaucoma, in order to provide new thought and method on the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
METHODS: The data in this study is from Gene Expression Omnibus ( GEO ) which belong to Nation Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) , the quality of the raw data CEL files was processed and analyzed by the Expression software which belong to Affymetrix Inc. , Santa Clare, CA, USA. Significant analysis method ( SAM) which base on the T test was used to identified the significant genes. Based on GRNInfer and Gvedit soft we set up gene networks of optic and retina of mice and further more enriched analysis which based on DAVID and MAS3. 0 online software were processed.
RESULTS:The analysis between the group of the optic nerve heads and retinas in different stage of glaucoma showed that the amount of significant different expressed genes in the optic never head group increased significantly comparing with the group of retina in the early stage of glaucoma, the analysis of the genes network construction show that:the node genes of optic nerve heads included Unc13c、Kif5a、TRPM1、PANX; and the node genes of retina include POU4F1, NEFL, BC03870, CALB2. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis which based on MAS3. 0 online platform show that there was mainly the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tyrosine metabolism, melanogenesis, Nitrogen metabolism, Gap junction, Leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in optic nerve head; and there was mainly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, prostate cancer, leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in retina.
CONCLUSION:By understanding bioinformatics result, it seems optic were more sensitive than the retina to high intraocular pressure, and weather high expression of TYrp1 gene can be as a sensitive diagnostic item require more evidence back up. Functional enrich analysis of node gene showed that cytoskeleton reconstructed, molecular motor and nutrients transport function improve in optic; and in retina, the most prominent finding in retina was enrichment function modules were focus on regeneration, repairing and differentiation of cells, which remind that we should reinforce research on reparation of retina of primary glaucoma. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis show that inflammatory response plays prominent place in optic and retina of primary glaucoma, because of the optic narrow and crowed anatomic shape, nutrient metabolism and substances transfer enrichment modules play an important role in optics of primary glaucoma.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of DZWJY-1 type electronic moxibustion apparatus and traditional moxibustion in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A total of 76 eligible patients were randomized into an electronic moxibustion apparatus group and a traditional moxibustion group, with 38 cases in each group. The electronic moxibustion apparatus group was intervened by DZWJY-1 type electronic moxibustion apparatus, and the traditional moxibustion group received moxa stick moxibustion for treatment. Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Xuehai (SP 10) and Liangqiu (ST 34) were selected for both groups and the treatment was conducted 3 times a week for a total of 12 times. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores were observed before treatment and after 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, respectively. Results: There were 4 dropout cases in the traditional moxibustion group. Therefore, this trial had 72 valid cases, including 38 cases in the electronic moxibustion apparatus group and 34 cases in the traditional moxibustion group, the differences in the baseline data between the two groups were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). After 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, the VAS scores decreased significantly with the increase of treatment sessions in both groups (all P<0.01), and the betweengroup differences were statistically insignificant at the same time points (both P>0.05). The pain intensity was evaluated using the weighted value of VAS score. The markedly effective rate was 47.4％ and the total effective rate was 89.5％ in the electronic moxibustion apparatus group, versus 50.0％ and 94.1％ in the traditional moxibustion group, and the betweengroup differences were statistically insignificant (both P>0.05). After 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, the total score and the component scores including pain, stiffness and difficulty moving in the WOMAC decreased significantly with the increase of treatment sessions in both groups (all P<0.01), and the between-group differences were statistically insignificant (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Electronic moxibustion apparatus and traditional moxibustion both are effective in reducing joint pain and improving joint function in KOA patients, and they are equivalent comparing the clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),creatine kinase (CK),glutamate pyruvate transaminase (AST),and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase (CSF LDH) in adult patients with acute central nervous system infection.Methods The levels of myocardial enzymes (AST,LDH,and CK) in serum of 96 adult patients with acute intracranial infection in 7days and 39 healthy people were measured by Beckman automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme rate assay,and CSF LDH level in 96 patients were measured simultaneously.Results (1) The serum myocardial enzymes (LDH,CK,and AST) of intracranial infection group (47 cases with viral encephalitis,30 cases with tuberculous meningitis,and 19 cases with purulent encephalitis) were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P ＜0.01).(2)The myocardial enzymes (LDH,and AST ) of patients with cerebral functional disorder were significantly higher than those of patients with normal cerebral function (P ＜0.05).(3)The levels of serum AST,LDH,and CK in the virus encephalitis group,serum AST and LDH in the purulent encephalitis group,and serum LDH in the tuberculous meningitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The CSF LDH level in the viral meningitis group was prominently lower than that in the tuberculous encephalitis group and purulent encephalitis group,respectively (P ＜0.01).(4) No correlations were found between CSF LDH and serum myocardial enzymes (P ＞0.05).Conclusions (1)There is significant change in the levels of serum LDH,CK,AST,and CSF LDH of adult patients with acute intracranial infection,especially in infected patients with cerebral functional disorder,and the change of LDH is the most obvious.(2)The levels of serum myocardial enzymes and CSF LDH are helpful to the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection in early stage,and judging the severity of the illness.

BackgroundOur previous study showed that erythropoietin (EPO) protects the photoreceptor from apoptosis in retinal detachment(RD) rat,but its signal transduction pathway remains unknown.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of EPO on signal transduction pathway in RD.MethodsTwentyfour albino clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.5 μl PBS was injected into vitreous cavity of rats in RD+PBS group,and 400 ng EPO(5 μl) was used at the same way in RD+EPO group.Three days later,the rats were sacrificed and the retina was isolated in each group.The expression levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2),p-JAK2,Akt,p-Akt,extracellular regulated protein kinase-1/2 ( ERK-1/2 ),p-ERK-1/2,signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( STAT5 ),p-STAT5,nuclear factor-kB (NF-sB) and p-NF-kB were detected by Western blot assay.The administration of experimental animals followed the Standard of ARVO.ResultsThree days after RD,the expression levels of JAK2,Akt and ERK-1,ERK-2 in retinas among normal group,RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were statistically insignificant different ( F =0.298,P =0.826 ; F =0.681,P =0.588 ; F =0.978,P=0.450;F=1.115,P=0.399 ),but the levels of p-JAK2,p-Akt,p-Erk-1 and p-Erk-2 among these 4 groups were significant difference ( F=24.435,P =0.000; F=48.163,P =0.000;F =19.092,P =0.001; F =14.393,P=0.001 ),and those in RD+EPO group was significantly higher than that in RD and RD+PBS groups( P＜0.05 ).The expression levels of STAT5 and NF-kB among the 4 groups were no significantly differences (F =1.136,P=0.391 ;F=0.696,P=0.580),but after the phosphorylation of STAT5 and NF-kB,the differences was significant ( F =14.189,P =0.001 ; F =40.103,P =0.000 ).Those in RD,RD + PBS,RD + EPO groups did not increase either (P＞0.05).Although the levels of p-STAT5 and p-NF-kB in RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were significantly higher than those in normal control group( P＜0.05 ),the level of p-STAT5 in RD+EPO group was not significantly higher than that in RD and RD + PBS groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK-1/2 signal transduction pathways might participate in the protecting process of EPO to photoreceptor in RD rats.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of Xuebijing Injection (XBJI) in inhibiting inflammatory factors associated with anoxia/reoxygenation myocardial inflammatory response of rats.

METHODSTotally 36 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, 280 ± 30 g were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the normal control group (N group), the balanced perfusion group (BP group),the model group (M group),the low dose XBJI group (XBJI(L) group), the middle dose XBJI group (XBJI(M) group),and the high dose XBJI group (XBJI(H) group), 6 in each group. The myocardial anoxia/reoxygenation rat model was established by Langendorff isolated heart perfusion. The concentration of TNF-α in the myocardial tissue was detected by ELISA. The expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) protein and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein were detected using Western blot. The expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Ultrastructural changes of anoxia-reoxygenation rats' heart muscle were observed under transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSCompared with the M group,the TNF-α concentration, expression levels of NF-κB p65 protein and mRNA, TLR4 protein and mRNA decreased to various degrees in the XBJI(L) group, the XBJI(M) group, and the XBJI(H) group. The TNF-α expression level decreased most significantly in the XBJI(L), group (P < 0.01), while other indices decreased most obviously in the XBJI(M) group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Expression levels of NF-κB p65 and TLR4 protein were obviously lower in the XBJI(M) group than in the XBJI(L) group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in other indices among the three XBJI groups (P > 0.05). Myocardial fibers were loose and broken with disappearance of transverse striation, and mitochondrial cristae was dissolved and severely damaged in the M group. The aforesaid condition was improved after treated by XBJI, with the most obvious effect obtained in the XBJI(M) group.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent doses of XBJI could attenuate inflammatory reactions after myocardial anoxia/reoxygenation rats' heart muscle through inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-TNF-α signal transduction pathway. The best effect could be obtained by 4 mL/100 mL XBJI.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Xuebijing injection(XBJI, traditional Chinese medicine), in inhibiting TLR4--NF-kappaB--IL-1beta pathway of myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation in rats.

METHODSThirty six male SD rats (280 +/- 30) g were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6): normal group (N group), balanced perfusion group (BP group), model group (M group), low dose XBJI group (XBJI(L) group), middle dose XBJI group (XBJI(M) group), high dose XBJI group (XBJI(H) group). By Langendorff isolated heart perfusion device to establish the model of myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation in rats. ELISA was used to detect the concentration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta); Western blot was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-kappaB p65) protein and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein; and RT-PCR to determine the expression of NF-kappaB p65 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA;To observe microstructure changes of hypoxia/reoxygenation myocardial by light microscopy.

RESULTSCompared with M group, the IL-1beta concentration, NF-kappaB p65 and TLR4 protein,NF-kappaB p65 and TLR4 mRNA of XBJIL group, XBJI(M) group, XBJI(H) group expression decreased in varying degrees,and decreased most obviously all in XBJI(M) group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); Myocardical structural damage was serious in M group, and improved after treatment XBJI, the most obvious was the XBJI(M).

CONCLUSIONDifferent dose of XBJI can inhibit TLR4--NF-kappaB--IL-1beta signal transduction pathway and reduce several inflammatory reaction after myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, the 4 ml/100 ml of XBJI is the best.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Heart ; drug effects ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

Metabonomics is a new method to study on the metabolic network and the relationship between body and environment, which conforms to the way of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. In the study process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, effectively conjunction with metabonomics method will facilitate the integration of TCM with modern biological science and technology, and promote the modernization of TCM. This paper introduce the application of metabonomics in the research of toxicity mechanism of TCM, compatibility mechanism of TCM formula, pharmacology effect of TCM and processing mechanism of TCM. This paper summarize the problems in the TCM metabonomics research and prospect its bright future.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; analysis ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Metabolomics ; methods ; trends

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of different dones of urapidil in preventing pituitrin-induced cardiovascular responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy.MethodsSixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 27-41 yr,weighing 55-65 kg,scheduled for elective laparoscopic myomectomy under general anesthesia,were randonly divided into 4 groups (n =15 each):control group (group C) and urapidil 0.3,0.5 and 0.8 mg/kg groups (groups U1-3).Urapidil 0.3,0.5 and 0.8 mg/kg were injected intravenously in U1-3 groups respectively,while normal saline 5 ml was given in group C.The mixture of pituitrin 6 U and normal saline 20 ml was injected into the site of hysteromyoma 5 min later.The operation was then started.BIS value was maintained at 45-55.The occurrence of cardiovascular responses was recorded.ResultsThe incidences of cardiovascular responses were 100％,67％,40％ and 20％ in groups C and U1-3 respectively.The incidence of cardiovascular responses was significantly lower in groups U1-3 than in group C,and in groups U2.3 than in group U1 ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in the incidence of cordiovascular responses between U2 and U3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionUrapidil can prevent pituitrin-induced cardiovascular responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy and the optimal dose is 0.5 mg/kg.