BACKGROUND:The limb ischemia model in rats has been widely applied in China to study the pathological process and treatment method of limb ischemia, but there are some controversies on the model construction and evaluation, so a reliable, convenient and economical disease model is needed for the related research. OBJECTIVE:To compare limb ischemia degree, duration and changing rule of acute hind limb ischemia models prepared by different ways in Sprague-Dawley rats, and find a method to prepare models that have moderate and stable limb ischemia and maintain a longer time. METHODS: 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 18 rats in each group. Group A: sham operation group, abdominal aorta below renal artery and iliolumbar artery, right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were separated. Group B: the right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were cut off, and the right femoral artery was resected to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. Group C: abdominal aorta and bilateral abdominal perineal artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. Group D: abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Right hind limb muscle strengths of rats in groups B, C, D were weaker than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; muscle strengths in group D was weaker than that in groups B, C at week 4 after operation; muscle strengths in groups B, D was stil weaker than that in group C at week 6 after operation. The partial venous oxygen pressure of right hind limbs in groups B, C, D was lower than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; the partial venous oxygen pressure in group D was lower than that in groups B and C at weeks 2, 4 after operation; and group D was stil lower than group C at week 6 after operation. At weeks 2, 4 after operation, some muscle cels in the right hind limb muscle tissue were disrupted, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia and capilary hyperplasia were detected, inflammatory cels infiltrated in the groups B, C, D. These pathological findings were more apparent in group D. Fiber connective tissue hyperplasia was attenuated, capilary hyperplasia, expansion and congestion were found in each group at week 6 postoperatively. The method of ligating abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery below renal artery for hind limb ischemia model can obtain moderate and stable ischemia conditions, maintain a long time, and is convenient to prepare.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate stress changes of intervertebral space and adjacent intervertebral space after artificial disc replacement with angles.

METHODSArtificial disc replacement with angles were designed according to existing data. Axial pressure, flexion/extension, lateral bending and torsion loading were applied on finite element models of normal cervical discs on C4,5 segments, C4,5 segments with 0 degrees artificial cervical discs and C4,5 segments with 10 degrees artificial cervical discs, then stress changes of C4,5 space was observed. The same loadings were applied on finite element models of normal cervical discs on C4-C6 segments, C4,5 segments with 0 degrees, C4,5 segments with 10 degrees, then stress changes of replaced segments space and adjacent segment space were observed.

RESULTSFor C4,5 segments, 80 MPa/0 degrees artificial discs and 80 MPa/10 degrees artificial discs had the similar equivalent shear stress (Se), and were both larger than that of normal discs, when lateral bending were performed, 80 MPa/0 degrees artificial discs were closed to normal discs when axial pressure and flexion/extension were carried out, while 80 MPa/10 degrees artificial discs had a larger Se than that of normal ones,when torsion loading were applied, Szx/Szy stress of 80 MPa/0 degrees and 80 MPa/10 degrees artificial discs were closed to normal ones. For C4-C6 segments, the axial pressure, flexion/extension and lateral bending of C5,6 were all lower than normal discs after C4,5 discs were replaced by 80 MPa/10 degrees artificial discs, while Szx/Szy of torsion loading were closed to normal ones.

CONCLUSIONArtificial discs with 10 degrees have less influences on stress of adjacent intervertebral space and closer to mechanical property after being implanted into intervertebral space.

To approach the effect of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) on un-terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells after treatment with Arsenic Trioxide ( As_2O_3) . Methods The changes of cell morphology were observed by Wright staining, the alteration in the cell proliferation was determined by WST1 experiment and the NBT reduction assay was used to detect the differentiation condition of cells, determination and analysis cell cycle. The expressions of C/EBP? and C/EBP? mRNA in HL-60 cells exposed to ATRA and As_2O_3 were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results It was found that ATRA could up- regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP? obviously, but down-regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP?. As_2O_3 could up-regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP? lightly, down-regulate the expression of C/EBP?. Conclusion Both of ATRA and As_2O_3 can down-regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP?,but there is no significant difference between these two groups,ATRA and As2O3 can up- regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP?, with significant differences (P

Objective: To isolate the cross-reactive antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza virus and identify its biological function. Methods: The antibodies gene reservoir of cross-reactive and H5N1 pseudotype particles neutralizing B cell circulating in peripheral blood of a human H5N1 case was recovered by in vitro B cell culture, screening, RT-PCR and expression vector cloning techniques. The Ab gene pairing was screened by transient transfection of human kidney 293T cells and detected using ELISA and neutralization test. The heterosubtypic antibodies were prepared and characterized. Results: We discovered the VH1-2-based heterosubtypic antibodies from two B cell lineages could neutralize GX-H5N1 pseudotype particles and have broader binding with Group 1 (including H1, H5, H6 and H9) and H7 subtype. Conclusions Cross-reactive antibodies can be induced by H5N1 infection.

BACKGROUND: Amniotic membrane has a unique structure that can block the penetration of certain substances, to ensure normal nutrition supply for the surrounded tissues, and is also characterized by anti-adhesion, good tissue compatibility, mild inflammatory reaction, few fibers and biodegradability. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of fresh amniotic membrane and acellular amniotic membrane to prevent adhesion and promote tendon healing during the repair of tendon sheath defects. METHODS: Sixty healthy male leghorn chickens were selected, and the model of tendon injury and tendon sheath defects was established at the third toes. The animal models were then randomly divided into three groups and underwent repair with fresh amniotic membrane (group A), acellular amniotic membrane (group B), and no treatment in control group (group C), respectively. Histological observation and biomechanical analysis of the third toes were performed after repair. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Histological observation. Congestive edema and inflammatory response were found in all animals at 2 weeks after repair, but mildest in the group A and severest in the group C. These inflammatory responses gradually alleviated over time in the three groups. At 12 weeks after repair, the new tendon sheath formed in all the animals, which was more mature than that at 4 weeks after repair. The synovial cells on the surface of the tendon sheath were arrayed tidily with dense structure in the groups A and B, but in the group C, the synovial cells were distributed disorderly with loose structure and prominent fibrous tissues. (2) Biomechanical analysis. Tendon sliding distance in the groups A and B was significantly larger than that in the group C at 4, 8, 12 weeks after repair (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference in the distance between the groups A and B (P > 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks after repair, the maximum tensile strength was largest in the group A, sequentially followed by group B and group C (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference among the three groups at 12 weeks after repair (P > 0.05). To conclude, both fresh amniotic membrane and acellular amniotic membrane can promote tendon healing and prevent the adhesion of tendon through tendon sheath reconstruction, but the fresh amniotic membrane is preferred to promote early tendon healing compared with acellular amniotic membrane.

BACKGROUND: The clinical experience of the treatment of the sternoclavicular joint dislocation and peripheral fracture is relatively lacking, but its incidence is increasing yearly. At present, there are few studies on the anatomy and biomechanics of the sternoclavicular joint in and outside China, and no systematic anatomical measurements of the sternoclavicular joint are reported. OBJECTIVE: To provide a biological reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation or peripheral fractures by studying the anatomy and biomechanics of the sternoclavicular joint. METHODS: (1) A total of 16 specimens (32 sides) of adult antiseptic and moist cadaveric specimens were selected. The complete manubrium, bilateral clavicle and surrounding tissues of sternoclavicular joint were anatomically separated, and repair to bone-ligament-bone specimen models. (2) The areas of manubrium articular surface and the medial clavicular articular surface of all specimens were measured by the ink pattern combined with grid counting method. (3) The morphological features of the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments of the specimens in this group were observed, and the length, width and thickness were measured and analyzed statistically. (4) The left and right sternoclavicular joints of each specimen were randomly paired into A and B groups. Group A received simply cutting of anterior sternoclavicular ligament. Group B received simply cutting of posterior sternoclavicular ligament. Before and after cuting off the ligament, the anterior and posterior load experiments were performed on the anatomical sites with the same force arm length and perpendicular to the distal clavicle. The angles of joints and load-angle regression line slopes were compared between the two groups in the anterior and posterior directions load. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The area of articular surface of manubrium (239.00±28.78 mm2) was smaller than the area of medial articular surface of the clavicle (482.56±44.89 mm2), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-40.105, P < 0.001). (2) The length, width and thickness of the anterior sternoclavicular ligament were (17.56±1.94 mm), (15.54±1.42 mm) and (1.93±0.32 mm), and the length, width and thickness of the posterior sternoclavicular ligament were (17.21±1.86 mm), (15.97±1.17 mm), and (2.07±0.29 mm) respectively;there was no significantly statistical difference in the length, width and thickness between them (P > 0.05). (3) Before cutting the ligaments, when the loads were 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 N, the angle backwards of joint caused by loads in the forward direction was less than the angle of forwards of joints caused by loads in the backward direction, but only when the loads were 6, 8, and 10 N, the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The slope of the regression line of load-angle for the loads in the forward direction was less than the slope of the regression line of load-angle for the loads in the backward direction, with statistical difference (F=31.413, P < 0.001). After the ligaments were cut, when the loads were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 N in the forward direction in group A and group B, the backward angulation of joint in group A was less than that in group B (P < 0.05). The slope of the load-angled regression line in group A was less than that in group B (F=52.224, P <0.001). When the loads in the backward direction in group A and group B were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 N, the forward angulation of joint in group A was greater than that in group B (P < 0.05), and the slope of the load-angled regression line in group A was greater than that in group B (F=12.503, P=0.008). (4) These results suggest that contact area between the articular surface of the medial clavicle and the articular surface of the manubrium is narrow, which determines the instability of the joint itself. The sternoclavicular ligament is extremely important for maintaining the joint stability. The forward angulation of joint restriction effect of sternoclavicular ligament was weaker than that of the backward angulation, also because of the joint in the anatomical position of the natural forward angulation, so the sternoclavicular joint was prone to anterior dislocation. It is necessary to pay attention to the repair and reconstruction of sternoclavicular ligament when sternoclavicular joint dislocation or peripheral fractures are treated by operations.

Objective:To evaluate stress changes of intervertebral space and adjacent intervertebral space after artificial disc replacement with angles. Methods:Artificial disc replacement with angles were designed according to existing data. Axial pressure,flexion/extension,lateral bending and torsion loading were applied on finite element models of normal cervical discs on C4,5 segments,C4,5 segments with 0°artificial cervical discs and C4,5 segments with 10°artificial cervical discs,then stress changes of C4,5 space was observed. The same loadings were applied on finite element models of normal cervical discs on C 4-C6 segments,C4,5 segments with 0°,C4,5 segments with 10°,then stress changes of replaced segments space and adjacent segment space were observed. Results:For C4,5 segments,80 MPa/0°artificial discs and 80 MPa/10°artificial discs had the similar e-quivalent shear stress(Se),and were both larger than that of normal discs,when lateral bending were performed,80 MPa/0°ar-tificial discs were closed to normal discs when axial pressure and flexion/extension were carried out ,while 80 MPa/10°artifi-cial discs had a larger Se than that of normal ones,when torsion loading were applied,Szx/Szy stress of 80 MPa/0°and 80 MPa/10°artificial discs were closed to normal ones. For C4-C6 segments,the axial pressure,flexion/extension and lateral bend-ing of C5,6 were all lower than normal discs after C4,5 discs were replaced by 80 MPa/10°artificial discs,while Szx/Szy of torsion loading were closed to normal ones. Conclusion:Artificial discs with 10° have less influences on stress of adjacent interverte-bral space and closer to mechanical property after being implanted into intervertebral space.

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a chronic degenerative joint disease which could result disabling in late stage.The objectivity in imaging diagnosis of KOA is often various due to human factors and other influences.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been proved highly valuable for KOA.The progresses of AI in imaging diagnosis and grading of KOA,detecting cartilages lesions,predicting pain and long-term care of KOA were reviewed in this article.

In the context of a healthy China, strengthening humanistic literacy education for general medical students reflects the demands of the times, promotes the transformation of medical models, and has important practical significance in reducing the work burnout of general practitioners in practice. Integrating narrative medicine into general practice student education is conducive to implement the patient-centered concept of general practice, provide continuous and systematic medical services, and further improve the humanistic literacy of general practitioners. Based on these, this paper proposed the relevant paths of integrating narrative medicine into student education in general medicine, including changing educational concepts and integrating educational resources, boldly carrying out curriculum reforms and innovating educational methods, fully utilizing parallel medical records and reflective writing, as well as cultivating the habit of lifelong learning.

OBJECTIVE: To investigated the anti-tumor in vivo effect and mechanism of the acid RNA protein complex (FA-2-b-β) of Agaricus blazei Murrill extract. METHODS: CCK-8 method was used to detected the inhibitory effect of FA-2-b-β on proliferation of primary CML cells from newly diagnosed CML patients, the CML mouse model was established by trail-venous injection of primary CML cells, and the survival time, blood cell count and body weight were observed, the immunoflouresence and immunehistochemistry analysis, RT-qPCR, Western bolt were used to detemine the expression of caspase-3 signal pathway-related apoptosis genes and proteins. RESULTS: The experiments in vitro showed that the proliferative inhibitory rate in drug-treated group increased with concentration- and time-dependent manner (r CONCLUSION The FA-2-b-β can induce apoptosis of primary CML cells and prolong the survival time of CML model mouse, which may be related with the caspase-3 signal pathway related genes and proteins.
Agaricus ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Mice