Rofecoxib, a COX-2 specific inhibitor, is approved for treatment of osteoarthritis, acute pain and primary dysmenorrhea. On September 30, 2004, Merck announced the voluntary worldwide withdrawal of rofecoxib (Vioxx). This paper reviewed the pharmacological actions of the COX-2 specific inhibitors and the characterization, premarket study, clinical application and side-effects of rofecoxib and analyzed the withdrawal of rofecoxib.

BACKGROUND: It is a new tendency to treat central nervous system injury or tumor therapy using the combination of seed cells and gene therapy.OBJECTIVE: To observe the dose-relationship between transfection and expression of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) with adenovirus vector carrying green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP), and to study its effects on cell biological properties, in addition, to explore the feasibility of using Ad-GFP vector to construct gene modified BMSCs.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized grouping, contrast observation. The experiment was performed at the Southern Medical University between August 2008 and March 2009.MATERIALS: New Zealand white rabbits, irrespective of genders, weighing 2.0-3.0 kg, were selected.METHODS: BMSCs were separated and cultured in vitro, and then the cell immunophenotypes were detected by flow cytometry.The adenovirus was obtained by packaging 293 cells and was used to transfect BMSCs with various liters (1 ×-10~3-1×10~(10) PFU/mL).Cytometry was used to analyze the transfection efficiency.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell morphological changes were detected under an invert microscope. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 kits. BMSCs transfected with Ad-GFP were induced differentiating into neuron-like cells by adding of β-mercaptoethanol.RESULTS: The surface markers of 3-6-generation BMSCs were negative to CD34 and CD45, but positive for CD29 and CD44.When the virus titers were 1 ×10~7 PFU/mL, the transfection rate was 55%, which were 85% when the virus titers were 1 ×10~9 and1×10~(10) PFU/mL. However, cell pathology phenomenon occurred when the virus titer was 1 ×10~(10) PFU/mL. The fluorescence was strongest expressed at day 7, and it still can be seen at day 28. The BMSCs trasfected with Ad-GFP could differentiate into neuron-like cells under induction of p-mercaptoethanol, with positive neuron-specific enolase.CONCLUSION: Ad-GFP with suitable titers can infect BMSCs effectively with little influence on the biology property or differentiation function. BMSCs can serve as seeds cell in gene therapy field when utilizing ad-GFP vector system.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) with different negative pressures on variation of oxygen partial pressure (PtO2 ) and wound healing in the rabbits.MethodsTwelve rabbit wound models were made and randomly (random number) divided into two groups, namely vacuum group ( n =6 )in which rabbits were treated with VSD by different negative pressures ( - 75 mmHg,- 125 mmHg,- 225 mmHg and - 350 mmHg) for 7 days, and routine treatment group ( n =6). At each interval of measurement, variation of PtO2 was measured by oxygen partial pressure admeasuring device, and area of VSD dressing and surface of wound were measured by vernier caliper, and growth of anaerobic bacteria was detected by bacterial culture, and morphological change and the course of wound healing were observed under by light microscope after HE tissue staining. Meanwhile anther two groups (n =6, in each) were set for comparing, including normal group, sham operation group. ResultsAverage PtO2 value of vacuum group was in the range of ( 1.87 +0. 19) kPa to ( 1.54 ±0. 21 ) kPa which was decreased gradually in 7 days under different negative pressures. Average PtO2 value of routine treatment group and normal group were ( 2. 82 ± 0. 37 ) kPa and ( 5.79 + 0. 50 ) kPa, respectively which weresignificant higher than that in vacuum group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). PtO2 was fell to 80. 94％ of its original value after VSD for 5 seconds, and continued the downward trend with the increasing of negative pressure at the same interval of measuring. Area of VSD dressing significantly decreased to 65. 36％ of its original area after VDS for5 minutes (P＜0.01). Surface of wound was minimized to 62. 82％ of its original area after VSD for 7 days ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), and variations of those in - 350 mmHg group were significant greater than those in other groups ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). There was no evidence of anaerobic bacteria growth in vacuum group during this experiment. ConclusionsPtO2 could be down-regulated by VSD significantly without growth of anaerobic bacteria, and minimization of VSD dressing at - 350 mmHg was significantly helpful to reduce the area of wound for promoting the healing.

Alcoholism ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Chemokine CCL2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, CCR2 ; genetics ; metabolism

?AIM:To evaluate the objective visual quality of patients who underwent corneal cross-linking for the keratoconus using double-pass analysis system.? METHODS: Advanced keratoconus patients who underwent UV - riboflavin corneal cross - linking from January to July 2015 were included. The outcomes of their objective scattering index ( OSI ) , predicted visual acuity ( VA ) , the cut - off frequency of modulation transfer function ( MTF cut- off ) , the Strehl ratio ( SR ) were compared before and 6mo after corneal cross-linking.?RESULTS: A total of 13 patients ( 16 eyes ) were included. There was no statistically significant difference between pre- and 6mo postoperative data in uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, refractions and mean value of Sim-k (P>0. 05). Non-invasive average tear film break up time ( NIAvg-BUT ) detected by the Sirius system decreased after corneal cross-linking ( P<0. 05 ) . Using double - pass analysis system, no statistically significant change was found in MTF cut off, Strehl Ratio, OSI before and after treatment(P>0. 05). Tear Film Analysis Mean OSI increased at 6mo postoperatively (P<0. 05).? CONCLUSION: The subjective visual quality isn’t effected by corneal cross-linking. The tear stabilities of patients are influenced by these operations at 6mo postoperatively. More observations on long-term effect are needed to be taken in the future.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Qingre Liqi Granule (QLG) on clinical therapeutic efficacy, electrogastrogram (EGG) and gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).

METHODSThirty-two FD patients of dyskinesis type enrolled were treated with QLG by oral taking for 6 days. Scoring on 8 kinds of symptoms, including abdominal distension, abdominal pain, morning gastric fullness, belching, regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, fasting EGG and the gastric emptying determination were performed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe total and individual scores of clinical symptoms, expect that of vomiting, significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05), and the percentage of patients with tachygastria and bradygastria significantly decreased (P<0.01) at the same time. EGG after treatment showed significantly elevated rates of normal slow wave dominant power, and nearly normalized dominant frequency. An increased gastric emptying rate at different phases after 75 min (P < 0.05), and significantly shortened gastric emptying half-time (P < 0.01) were shown meanwhile in gastric emptying detection. The improvement of symptom score and gastric emptying half-time showed significant positive linear correlation (r =0.8929, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONQLG can improve symptoms of FD patients by regulating the rhythm and power of gastric electro-wave, increasing gastric motility and enhancing gastric emptying function.

Adult ; Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; Electromyography ; drug effects ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of perforator flap in extended radical vulvectomy of vulvar carcinoma.Methods Retrospectively,twelve cases of vulva carcinoma were treated by radical extensive excision,and the defects were repaired with perforator flap.Results All the flaps were survived and healed with first intention except one infection.The wound infection patient was treated with change of the dressing and antibiotics.The reconstructed vulvae were plump and elastic.It appeared like the normal vulvae and there was no contraction of the vagina.Conclusions Vulvar reconstruction with the perforator flap after the radical vulvectomy could make the patients recover easily,which produces almost normal appearance and function of the vulvae,reduces the time of wound healing,the patient could get the next therapy more quickly and the quality of life improving.It has wide clinical application value.

Background and purpose:Myelosuppression is the most common dose-limiting toxicity of tumor chemotherapy in which leukocytopenia and neutropenia are the most common conditions. Not only are up-titrations of the doses of chemotherapeutic drugs limited, but also normal process of the chemotherapy is affected. Filgrastim-Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) has the activity of stimulating the formation of granulocyte colony and promoting the growth, proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes which can be signiifcantly effective on leukocytopenia and neutropenia induced by chemotherapy. In this study, we observed the leukogenic effects, toxic and side effects of low, medium, and high doses of rhG-CSF used prophylactically after chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to explore a rational application strategy for rhG-CSF..Methods:One hundred and twenty six patients with pathologically proved advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) under chemotherapy were digitally randomized to A, B and C groups. Filgrastim was given to patients of the three groups 24h after the end of chemotherapy. The dosages are: Group A (low dose): 300 μg of Filgrastim, s.c., qd × 1 day; Group B (medium dose): 300 μg of Filgrastim, s.c., qd × 2 days; Group C (high dose): 300 μg of Filgrastim, s.c., qd × 3 days. Then the signs and symptoms as well as toxic and side effects of Filgrastim after medication were observed.Results:Prophylactic usage of medium and high dosages of rhG-CSF could maintain WBC count at no less than 4.0×109/L in nearly 60% of patients. In patients with Grade III leukopenia, more days were needed for recovery of white blood cell (WBC) count with the low dose, while signiifcantly (P<0.05) less days were needed with the high dose. In view of the dynamic changes of neutrophil(ANC), additioning of the high dose of rhG-CSF after chemotherapy could increase the average level ofANC, notably shortening the duration of lowANC caused by chemotherapy. The incidence of infections was 4.76% for the 126 patients as a whole, 9.52% for the low dose group, and 4.76% for the middle dose group. The patients could tolerate the slight side effects incurred during treatment with Filgrastim.Conclusion:All of the three doses (low, medium, and high) of prophylactic administration of Filgrastim after chemotherapy can promote recoveries of WBCs and neutrophil granulocytes and reduce opportunities of infections. High doses of rhG-CSF can be faster and safer in increasing WBCs and neutrophil granulocytes.

Objective To explore whether chronic forced swimming stress could improve whole brain radiation induced cognitive dysfunction and possible mechanism. Methods Thirty-nine one month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham control group ( C ) , swimming group ( C-S ) , radiation group( R) , and radiation plus swimming group( R-S) . Radiation groups were given a single dose of 20 Gy on whole-brain. Rats in the swimming groups were trained with swimming of 15 min/d, 5 d/w. Rat behavior was performed 3 months after radiation in an order of free activity in an open field and the Morris water maze test including the place navigation and spatial probe tests. Then, the protein expressions of BDNF, P-ERK, T-ERK, P-CREB and T-CREB in the rat hippocampus tissue were assayed by Western blot. Results On the day 2, in the place navigation test of Morris water maze, the latency of swimming group was significantly shorter than that of sham group, the latency of sham group was significantly shorter than that of radiation group, and the latency of radiation swimming group was significantly shorter than that of radiation group(P<0?05). In the open field test, the latencies of the place navigation and spatial probe tests of Morris water maze had no significant difference among four groups (P>0?05). Western blot assay showed that the expressions of BDNF and its downstream signals including P-ERK and P-CREB were markedly reduced by radiation ( P < 0?05 ) , but this reduction was attenuated by the chronic forced swimming stress. Conclusion The chronic forced swimming stress could improve whole brain radiation induced cognitive dysfunction by up-regulating the expressions of BDNF and its downstream signal molecules of P-ERK and P-CREB in hippocampus.

Objective:To observe the effect of An-pressing manipulation on biceps brachii with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in healthy male volunteers.Methods:A total of 30 male college student volunteers were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group and a treatment group,10 cases in each group.Subjects in the blank group did not receive any intervention;subjects in the model group received active weight-bearing eccentric exercise on the non-favored side of the upper limb to establish the models,while not receiving any treatment;subjects in the treatment group received both the same modeling and An-pressing manipulation treatment.The subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE),subjective soreness sensation threshold and soreness grade were evaluated before modeling,immediately after modeling,and 24,48,72,96 and 120 h after modeling.Serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was measured before modeling,immediately after modeling,and 24,48 and 72 h after modeling.Serum creatine kinase MM isoenzyme (CK-MM) was measured before modeling and 24,48 and 72 h after modeling.Results:At 24,48,72 and 120 h after treatment,the soreness grades of the treatment group were lower than those of the model group (all P＜0.05).The RPE scores of the treatment group were lower than those of the model group (all P＜0.05) immediately after modeling,at 24,48,72,96 and 120 h after modeling.The subjective soreness sensation threshold of the treatment group was higher than that of the model group immediately after modeling,at 24,48,72 and 96 h after modeling (all P＜0.05).Immediately after modeling,T-AOC value in the treatment group was higher than that in the model group and blank group (both P＜0.05).CK-MM of the treatment group was lower than that of the model group at 48 h and 72 h after modeling (P＜0.05).Conclusion:An-pressing manipulation shows a certain therapeutic effect on biceps brachii with DOMS by strengthening the body's antioxidant and anti-damage abilities,which can effectively reduce the pain and accelerate the recovery from fatigue damage.