With a high incidence, cancer pain is an unresolved clinical problem right now. Many randomized controlled studies have shown that intrathecal infusion of analgesic drugs is an effective way to relieve pain. Intrathecal drug infusion system provides cli-nicians with exact individualized treatment approach in the effective analgesia, but with minimum side effects. Patients who received in-trathecal analgesic therapy in the early stage would get more benefit. Before implanting intrathecal drug delivery devices, it is needed to test analgesic effect firstly, and the proper implementation of the test period is extremely important. This effectively maintaining time decides whether the patients need intrathecal analgesia system. However, there are many factors that may affect its application in clin-ic. This article focuses on the treatment principle, patient selection, testing, technical problems and complications when applying intra-thecal drug delivery devices.

Objective To create 3-D models of immediately loaded screw-type dental implants for finite element analysis by computer.Methods Using the commercial code of SolidWorks,3-D models of screw-type dental implants and a segment of mandibular bone were generated.By ABAQUS software,the 3-D implant-bone complex was meshed.The interfacial contact of bone and the implants was defined to be a frictional contact with the initial press-fit stress(by Interference Fit Option) to simulate the contact of immediately loaded implants and bone tissue.Results The finite element models of the immediately loaded screw-type implant were successfully created on the computer.As the interference fit got deeper,the interfacial initial press-fit stress got higher values.Conclusion The finite element models of the immediately loaded screw-type implants can be built with this method.The interfacial status of the primary press-fit stress can be simulated by the Interference Fit Options in the finite element software.

microRNA(miRNA) ,a class of small noncoding RNAs,negatively regulates gene expression at post-transcriptional level, and is involved in many fundamental biological processes, including development,apoptosis and cell proliferation, p53 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. Aberrant expression of either miRNA or p53 intimately links to tumorigenesis. This article reviews recent advances in the study of inter-relatioship between miRNA and p53 in tumorigenesis.

Objective To investigate the effect of methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-dC (5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine) on proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts in arthrofibrosis of the knee. Methods The model of arthrofibrosis of rat knee was firstly established.Myofibroblasts were isolated and cultured from the posterior capsule of rat knee. Cells were identified by immunofluorescence.Myofibroblasts were treated with 2 μmol/L 5-Aza-dC. The expression levels ofα-SMA、col1A1 mRNA and protein in myofibroblasts before and after the treatment with 5-Aza-dC were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The proliferation rate of these myofibroblasts were detected by MTT method,and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry of DNA content in each phase. Results The extension of rat knee in arthrofibrosis model was significantly decreased. α-SMA protein,the representational protein of myofibroblast,was largely expressed in the isolated cells from model knees. The expression levels ofα-SMA、col1A1 mRNA and protein in myofibroblasts were decreased after the treatment with 5-Aza-dC and the growth of myofibroblasts was also slowed down. Conclusion The methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-dC may become a potential therapeutic drug in the treatment of arthrofibrosis of the knee through inhibiting the proliferation of myofibroblasts.

AIM: To investigate the effects of tripchlorolide (TP) on proliferation and autophagy of human lung cancer A549 cells, and explore its mechanism.METHODS: MTT assay was performed to analyze the effect of TP on the viability of human lung cancer A549 cells.The A549 cells were treated with TP, and their autophagy was observed un-der the fluorescence microscope through acridine orange staining.Green fluorescence spots were observed by fluorescence microscopy through GFP-LC3 plasmid transfection experiment.The levels of LC3 and p-ERK in the A549 cells after TP treatment were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The viability of human lung cancer A549 cells was significantly inhibited by TP in a dose-time dependent manner (P <0.05).The number of the intracellular acidic follicles dyed with bright red fluorescence was significantly increased after TP treatment in A549 cells.The number of green dot-like con-gregate autophagosomes in cell cytoplasm was significantly increased after TP treatment in the A549 cells transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid, while the normal treatment only induced a few cells with autophagosome formation.At the same time, we did not observe the dot-like congregate autophagosomes after TP treatment in the A549 cells transfected with GFP-control plasmid.Compared with control group, the expression of LC3-II protein was up-regulated in A549 cells after TP treatment (P <0.01).Furthermore, treatment with TP in A549 cells for 48 h also led to a significant upregulation of phosphorylated form of ERK (P <0.01).In contrast, no significant change in the levels of total ERK protein was observed.Compared with 100 nmol/L TP group, TP +3-MA group down-regulated the protein levels of LC3-II (P <0.01) and p-ERK (P <0.01) in the A549 cells.CONCLUSION: TP significantly inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells and induces the
autophagy, which may be correlated with upregulation of p-ERK protein.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sufentanil used for patient-controlled subcutaneous analgesia (PCSA) with different models after craniotomy.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients undergoing craniotomy were randomly divided into two groups with or without background infusion. Sufentanil 0.12 mg was used via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and no loading dose was administered. The PCA device was programmed background infusion of 1 ml/h, bolus dose of 0.5 ml in group of using continuance plus PCA model (group CP) and bolus dose of 0.75 ml without background infusion in group P. Hour limit of 3 ml/h, lockout time of 15 minutes were set in two groups. Postoperative pain was assessed at rest and when moving, using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 2 h, 20 h, 24 h, 44 h and 48 h after operation. Side-effects were also recorded systematically during the first 48 h after surgery.Results No significant differences were observed in patients' physical status, fentanyl consumption during operation and anaesthetic time. There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups within 48 h after operation, but the incidence of complaining postoperative pain was significantly more in group P than that in group CP at 20 h and 24 h after surgery (P<0.05). The cumulative analgesic consumption of sufentanil in group CP and group P were 98.73±5.96 μg and 57.25±9.73 μg, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with group P, the mean arterial pressure in 20 h and 24 h were significantly lower in group CP (P<0.05). The sedation degree and the incidence of nausea, vomiting in two groups had no significant differences. No restrain of respiration occurred in two groups. The patients' satisfactory rate with PCA in group CP and group P were 90% and 80%, respectively.Conclusion PCSA with sufentanil and continuance plus PCA model is an effective and safe analgesic method after craniotomy.

14-3-3σ,an vital tumor suppressor which is regulated by p53,plays a key role in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, migration and proliferation, affecting tumor formation, invasion and metastasis. The methylation inactivation of 14-3-3σ is widely recognized as one of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis,and be associated with the metastasis of NPC.

Background and purpose: Ovarian cancer is the common gynecological cancer, and the drug resistance of anti-tumor drug was one of major reasons for therapy failure, some studies considered that there is a closed relationship between Gankyrin and drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of Gankyrin silencing on reversing the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer drug-resistant SKOV3/DDP cell line. Methods:The expression of Gankyrin in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells was measured by real-time PCR assay, MTS assay was employed to determine the effect of Gankyrin on SKOV3/DDP sensitivity to cisplatin, apoptosis rate and intracellular concentration of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) were determined by lfow cytometry, the expression of multi-drugs resistant protein MDR1, Caspase-3/8, Survivin and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blot and real-time PCR. The phosphorylation of AKT and expression of p53, NF-κB and PTEN were analyzed by Western blot assay. Results:The expression of Gankyrin was increased in SKOV3/DDP cells, Gankyrin silencing was able to increase the cisplatin sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP. Before and after gene silencing, the reverse folds (RF) to cisplatin were 1.81 and 2.45, respectively, the intracellular levels of Rh-123 were 1.73 and 2.42 fold, the apoptosis rates were 2.23 and 4.23 fold,the expressions of MDR1, Survivin and Bcl-2 were downregulated, the mRNA expressions of MDR1 were 62.8%and 21.6%, the mRNA expressions of Survivin were 24.5%and 10.3%, the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 were 47.5%and 18.4%, the levels of Caspase-3/8, p53 and PTEN were elevated, phosphorylation of AKT and expression of NF-kB were downregulated compared with control group. Conclusion:Gankyrin silencing was able to reverse the cisplatin resistance of SKOV3/DDP cells by inhibiting the drug eflfux and promoting cell apoptosis, the PTEN/AKT/NF-κB/p53 may be the key pathway.

Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is an effective method used to alleviate upper abdominal pain or back pain caused by pancreatic cancer and other malignancies. NCPB can relieve cancer pain to improve the quality of life and cause fewer side effects than conventional analgesic drugs. This article systemically reviewed NCPB methodology and research progress in clinical appli-cations.

Oxycodone sustained-release tablet is a new formulation of potent opioids, which are characterized by their exact anal-gesic effect, high safety for oral administration, and slight adverse drug reaction. Oxycodone improves the quality of life of patients with cancer pains and is among the selected drugs used for controlling moderate and severe cancer pains. Relief from prolonged pain is achieved by adjusting the dose of Oxycontin (oxycodone hydrochloride) sustained-release tablet according to its pharmacological char-acteristics. The details are reviewed in this article.