In femorsl neck fracture, viability of the femoral head depends on the revascularization of the femoral head. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of early fixation and anatomical reduction by measuring the Tc-99m-MDP uptake ratio of the femoral head in experimental animsls. Femoral neck region of 20 mature rabbits were osteotomized completely and divided into 2 groups ; each group consisted of 10 rsbbits. Group 1 had two Kirschner wire fixation after osteotomy and anatomic reduction. Group 2 had no fixation after osteotomy. The uptake ratio of Tc-99m-MDP of the femoral head in each group were measured st the intervals of 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. In experimental group 1, the mean uptake ratio of the femoral head was 0.72±0.13 at 1 day after operation, increased to a level of 1.44±0.14 at 1 week, increased to a maximal value of 2. 90±0.36 at 3 weeks and decreased to a level of 1.10+0.12 at 4 weeks. 2. In experimental group 2, the mean uptake ratio of the femoral head was 0.70±0.10 at 1 day, 0.64±0.13 at 1 week, decreased to a maximal value of 0.33±0.05 at 3 weeks and 0.47±0.05 at 4 weeks, showing decreased level below 1.0. The results suggest that early anatomicsl reduction and rigid fixation of femoral neck fracture is helpful for revascularization of the femoral head and prevention of non union.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Neck ; Osteotomy ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Ear* ; Replantation*

Since MacLean's observation of the possibility of imipramine hydrochloride usefulness in 1960, it has been widely used in the therapy of childhood enuresis. The authors observed 25 cases receiving imipramine therapy and urethral dilatation for primary nocturnal enuresis. Of the 25 patients, 18 boys and 7 girls 4 to 18 years old, in this study, 8 received urethral dilatation because of lower urinary tract stricture. 2 of 8 were no more bed-wetting during sleep. But the other 6were persistent enuretic. 23 cases, 17 without urinary tract disorder and the above 6, were taken imipramine hydrochloride 50mg or 75rag according to the body weight of patients for 28 days one hour before bedtime. During the therapy with imipramine, the effect was excellent in 11 cases, fair in 10 and no effect in 2. After the cessation of the drug, follow-up observation was done at least 1 month. The response was as followed; Complete response in 4 cases, good response in 10, transient response in 7 and no response in 2. Over-all results of complete and good response to the enuretic children through both the administration of imipramine and instrumental dilatation of urethral stricture were 16 case(64%), transient response in 7 cases(28%) and no effect in 2 cases(8%).
Adolescent ; Body Weight ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Enuresis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Imipramine* ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Tract

The author attempted to analyze the upper eyelids of 30 faces of Korean women's portraits which were awarded at 1st, 9th and 20th Grand art exhibiton of Korea held in 2001, 1990, and 1982. In 1982, 36% of eyelid were double fold. The incidence increased to 47% in 1990. In 2001, 97% of eyelids were double fold. Among them, 67% were infold, and 33% were outfold. Only 14% of eyelids had epicanthal fold. Fourteen % were high fold, remainders were low or medium height. We may consider that the ideal eyelid nowadays in Korea is a double fold with low or medium height, with infold, without epicanthal fold.
Awards and Prizes ; Beauty ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea*

This report describes osteotomy and iliac bone graft for malunion caused by failed mandibular fracture reduction. A 27-year-old man was referred 3 months after a motor vehicle accident. At another hospital, two operations had been performed for symphyseal fracture using two resorbable plates. Malocclusion was noted, and panoramic radiography and computed tomography revealed a misaligned dental arch, with a 9.37-mm gap between the central and the lateral incisor of the left mandible. A wafer was made from the patient’s dental model, and a maxillary arch bar was applied. Through a lower gingivolabial incision, osteotomy was performed between the malunited symphyseal fracture segments. Both segments were reduced to their original position using the wafer and fixed with titanium miniplates via intermaxillary fixation (IMF). The intersegmental gap was filled with cancellous bone from the iliac crest. The gingival defect was covered with a mucosal transposition flap from the gingivolabial sulcus. IMF and the wafer were maintained for 5 and 9 weeks, respectively. At postoperative week 13, the screws were removed from the mandible and satisfactory occlusion was noted. His mouth opening improved from 2.5 to 3 finger breadths (40 mm). This case demonstrates the need for sufficient IMF when using resorbable plates.

PURPOSE: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in hemophilia patients is the most common cause of death in Korea. Early suspicion and prompt treatment of ICH is a very important for saving their life and minimizing neurologic sequelae. We investigate the prognosis of the hemophilia patients with ICH who registered in Daegu & Kyungpook area. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical courses, laboratory findings, brain image, effect of treatment and prognosis of ICH. Nine of 161 patients registered in our Department of Pediatrics suffered 16 episodes of ICH from Dec. 1996 to Mar. 2002. RESULTS: All were male hemophilia A patients (severe; 5, moderate; 3 and mild; 1) with median age of 48 (17~312) months at diagnosis of ICH. Two patients who had inhibitor became negative and one patient who had found inhibitor on annual routine follow-up has had inhibitor until now. One had trauma history and seven had family history. The median time interval from first symptom to hospital visit was 7 hours (15 minutes~10 days). Chief complaints were vomiting in 6 patients, headache in 4, seizure in 3 and mental change in 1. All patients except one were initially given factor VIII concentrate, 50 units/kg and then continuous infusion, 2~3 units/kg/hour. One patient who had factor VIII inhibitor was given factor IX concentrates, 100 units/kg with activated prothrombin complex (FEIBA ), 75 units/kg at every 12 hours. All except one with hematoma in cerebellar vermis and the third ventricle are alive without any neurologic sequela. CONCLUSION: ICH in hemophilia patients can be severe with no trauma history, or can be recurred several times with life-threatening event. So, it is desirable to have early treatment, prophylaxis, regular follow-up and patient education about abnormal symptoms to reduce the complications of them.
Brain ; Cause of Death ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Factor IX ; Factor VIII ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Headache ; Hematoma ; Hemophilia A* ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages* ; Korea ; Male ; Patient Education as Topic ; Pediatrics ; Prognosis ; Prothrombin ; Seizures ; Third Ventricle ; Vomiting

The objectives of this study are to investigate how English keywords used in the Journal of Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons coincide with precise MeSH terms, and to verify to what extent frequently used English keywords(n > 3) are used with precise MeSH terms. The English keywords were analyzed from 594 articles of JKSPRS published from Jan. 1998 to Mar. 2002. The authors investigated the frequently used keywords and the percentage of the keywords Which coincide with MeSH using MeSH browser. The total number of the English keywords used was 1638, and 80 kinds of keywords including 'Free flap' were used 3 or more times. The number of terms precisely coincident with MeSH was 209(12.7%), the number of terms not matching MeSH term but Entry term was 217(13.3%) and 1212 terms(74.0%) were not MeSH terms. The number of frequently used key word(n>3) immatched with MeSH, that coincide with KPRS*terms was 22 including 'Free flap' and 'Tip plasty'. Many of English keywords of JKSPRS* does not coincide with the MeSH. We must try to use precise MeSH term when we use the English keywords of the articles.
Subject Headings

To evaluate the efficacy of oplyhexamethylene biguanide(PHMB) in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) keratitis model, 10microliter of S. sureus bacterial suspension(1x10(5) colony-forming unit(cfu)/ml) were infected intrastromally into rabbit corneas. 18 rabbits were divided into three treatment groups : balanced salt solution (BSS) group(n=18 eyes), PHMB(0.02%, 200microgram/ml) group(n=9), cefazolin(40 microgram/ml) group(n=9). Topical antibiotic drops were given hourly starting at 24 hours after inoculation. A subconjunctival injection was given every 24 hours for the study duration(96 hours). The severity of keratitis was scored in masked fashion every 12 hours. Corneal buttons were excised and homogenized at the end of the study to determine viable bacterial counts. In the S. aureus keratitis model, there was no difference of clinical scores between BSS, cefazolin, PHMB group at 72 hours, and the number of viable bacteria recovered from the corneal button in log(10) cfu was 2.65+/-1.85, 3.30+/-0.85, 2.86+/-1.36, in BSS, cefazolin, PHMB group respectively. No differences in either clinical scores or bacterial counts were found between the PHMB and BSS groups. PHMB appears to be ineffective against S. aureus in this model of experimental keratitis.
Bacteria ; Bacterial Load ; Cefazolin ; Cornea ; Keratitis* ; Masks ; Rabbits ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

Vascular cells respond to multiple cytokines, they also express a variety of integrin adhesion receptor. A number of the vascular cell integrins are functionally and structurally homologous, suggesting some level of biologic redundancy. We investigated the importance of alphavbeta3 function during vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) induced corneal angiogenesis by examining the effects of 9D491, a monoclonal antibody against beta3 that blocks alphavbeta3-mediated cell adhesion to vitronectin and fibrinogen. A hydrogel disk containing 500ng of VEGF was implanted into the superior corneal stroma of each of twelve New Zealand white rabbit eyes. Each eye also received a second hydrogel disk placed adjacent of the first, randomized to contain either 2.6microgram of 9D491 mAb(n=6) or 6E10, an irrelevant antibody of the same isotype, (n=6). Both disks were positioned 1.2mm from the superior limbus. Eyes were examined daily under a streomicroscope by two masked observers and assigned an angiogenesis score based on number and length of new blood vessels. On days 5 through 7 postimplantation, angiogenesis scores were not significantly lower in eyes treated with anti-alphavbeta3 mAb (averaged score=21.6) as compared to eyes treated with 6E10 (averaged score=24.0) (p<0.2, Wilcoxon rank sum test). In a rabbit corneal pocket assay, monoclonal antibody to beta3 could not inhibit corneal angiogenesis induced by VEGF.
Blood Vessels ; Cell Adhesion ; Corneal Neovascularization* ; Corneal Stroma ; Cytokines ; Fibrinogen ; Hydrogel ; Integrin beta3 ; Integrins ; Masks ; New Zealand ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; Vitronectin

During angiogenesis, expression of urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA) and its receptor(uPAR) is upregulated in vascular endothelial cells. Binding of uPA to uPAR has been implicated as an important component of the angiogenesis pathway and represents a potential target for the design of anti-angiogenic compounds. We have produced a high-affinity competitive antagonist for the uPA receptor consisting of a fusion protein linking the endothelial growth factor (EGF)-like domain of uPA (residues 1-48) to the Fc domain of IgG. To determine whether this recombinant murine uPA(1-48)-IgG fusion protein could interfere with angiogenesis we studied the effect of this compound on rabbit corneal angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF). A hydrogel disk containing 1000ng of bFGF was implanted intrastromally into the superior cornea of each of sixteen New Zealand white rabbit eyes. All eyes received a second intrastromal disk, randomized to contain either 35 microgram of uPA(1-48)-IgG fusion protein(n=8) or phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)(n=8). Both disks were positioned side-by-side, 1.2 mm from the superior limbus. At three days post-implantation of bFGF disks, eyes treated with uPA(1-48)-IgG fusion protein had reduced angiogenesis(mean score=2.2) compared to PBS-treated controls (mean score=5.1)(p<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). In a rabbit corneal pocket assay, murine uPA(1-48)-IgG fusion protein appears to inhibit bFGF-induced angiogenesis. Compounds that block uPAR binding of uPA may have therapeutic potential as anti-angiogenic agents.
Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization* ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2* ; Fibroblasts ; Hydrogel ; Immunoglobulin G ; New Zealand ; Plasminogen Activators* ; Plasminogen* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*