Bone imagings have played important role in early detection of acute osteomyelitis. In acute osteomylitis, bone scan findings precede the appearance of bone change on radiograph. Also, recent studies have reported accuracies of bone scan in diagnosis of osteomyelitis ranging from 84% to 100%. But, in above datas, bone scan reading were only qualitative studies. So we have reviewed Technetium-99m labelled methylen dipho sphonate(99mTc-MDP) scan on 21 patients who had been diagnosed acute osteomyelitis by clinical symptoms, blood culture, pus culture and operative findings from January, 1984 to September, 1985. The purpose of this study is to establish the quantitative study of bone scan using computed pixel counting method. The 21 cases were classified into group I and group II according to initial radiographic findihgs. The group I showed normal radiographic finding or soft tissue swelling without osseous change. The group II showed osseous change. The results obtained were as follows: 1. We obtained positive bone scans in the all cases which were confirmed acute osteomyelitis. 2. We experienced diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis by bone scan which was confirmed as early as 48 hours after onset of clinical symptom. 3, In group I, the average uptake ratio of 99mTc-MDP was 3.22±0.82 ranging from 2.20 to 4.80. 4. In group II, the average uptake ratio of 99mTc-MDT was 6.20±2.27 ranging from 4.00 to 9.40. (p <0.001).
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Methods ; Osteomyelitis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Suppuration ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

A 26-year-old female presented herself to our clinic due to noduloulcerative lesions of one month duration on her face and trunk with accompaning headache and mild fever. In family history, her husband was reported to have a history of chaner. On physical examinat.ion, rice sized eythematous papules and bean sized nodules with central ulceration were seen on the face and trunk. VDRL was 1:31 positive. A skin biopsy iif a noduloulcerative lesion showed ulceration, vascular dilatation with fibrinoid changes and perivascular inflarnmatory cellu infilt.rations, especially plasma cells. Immunoperoxidase stain showed T. pallidum at the epidermis and papillary dermis. The diagnsis was made asecondary syphilis with unusual clinical presentation as noduloucerative skin lesions. The skin lesions completely disappeared one month after treatment with injection of benzathine pelnicillin G 2.4 million unit intramuscularly weekly for three times.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Dilatation ; Epidermis ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Plasma Cells ; Skin ; Spouses ; Syphilis* ; Ulcer

OBJECT: Peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC) were collected after remission induction chemotherapy and reinfused after intensified chemotherapy in order to increase the chemotherapeutic efficacy. METHOD: Collection of mononuclear cells(MNC) was started when CD34+ cells above 1% and WBC above 1,000/ul with mononuclear cell percentage above 30%, the collection procedures were done 2-6 times in each patient of total 6 cases. The collected MNCs were stored in -75 degrees C and reinfused after thawing in the water bath at 37 degrees C. RESULTS: Twenty three collection procedures from the 6 cases of acute leukemia had made effective MNC collection in 4 cases and mean collection efficiency was 49.8%(from 39.0% to 74.5%). Hematological changes after the procedure were mean reduction of hemoglobin 1.34g/dl and mean 20.25% of decreased platelet count. There were noticed transient symptoms of discomfort, coughing, chest tightness and dyspnea in association with the infusion of stored cells. CONCLUSION: The basic process for the peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT) was accomplished with this supportive care for the consolidation chemotherapy of acute leukemia. Effective PBSCT would be warrented with more qualified process and high dose chemotherapy.
Baths ; Consolidation Chemotherapy ; Cough ; Drug Therapy* ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Platelet Count ; Remission Induction ; Stem Cells* ; Thorax ; Water

Ultrasonograhy, it's excellent ability of differentiating cystic from solid lesion and depicting detailedarchitecture, proved itself useful in the diagnosis of thyroid pathologies. Adanced high resolution equipmentsmade hidden small lesion detected and finer structure clearly seen. They seemed to throw light on the histologicaldiagnosis of thyroid diseases, especially differentiation of benignancy and malignancy. Author reviewed picturesof high-resolution ultrasonography of thyroid disease(24 ases0 and correlated them witn proven pathologicalfindings. The results were as follows: 1. Multiplicity of lesion favors benignancy(4 cases). 2. Well definedmargin favors benignancy(14/17), while ill defined margin favors malignancy(3/4), and lesion of no margin favorsthyroiditis(3/3). 3. Surrounding halo favors benignancy(7 cases). 4. Hypoechogenicity were found in most ofmalignancy and thyroiditis. Cystic components in solid nodule were common findings in bening and malignantlesions. Calcification was not found in malignancy.
Diagnosis ; Pathology ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Nodule ; Thyroiditis ; Ultrasonography

Examining the eye with high resolution ultrasonography, authors encountered 34 cases(41 eyeballs) of cataractand found out its characteristic ultrasonographic findings, though cataract is easily recognized by physician oninspection. Ultrasonographic findings of cataract were as follows; 1. Thickening of lens due to edema. 2.Demonstration of lens echo in whole circumference. 3. Multiple internal lens echo.
Cataract ; Edema ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: With respect to the risk of developing diabetic vascular complications, the central purpose of most screening and detection program, is to identify people with diabetes at early stage so they might have advantages of early treatment to prevent complication of the disease. Oral glucose tolerence test(OGTT) is widely used for diagnosis of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerence, bit the performance of a complete OGTT is not only time consuming and expensive but physically demanding on the individual being tested. Determination of HbA1 and more recently of glycosylated total serum proteins(fructosamine) has been proposed as an alternative method of screening and diagnosis. The aim of our cross-sectional study is to compare the values of fructosamine and HbA1, for the ourpose of diabetes diagnosis with the OGTT as reference method. METHODS: In the study, from January 1996 to August 1996, we included 55 consecutive subjects in Kyeungssang Hospital. Blood samples for HbA1 and fructosamone determination were drawn at the same time as a fasting plasma glucose sample, and then all subjects underwent a standard 2-hour OGTT according to the World Health Organization recom-mandations, The subjects were classified according to the American Diabetes Association classification. RESULTS: In our study, we observed fasting plasma glucose of 145.32+/-75.00mg/deciliter, two-hour plasma glucose of 245.83+/-155.22mg/deciliter, HbA1 of 7.06+/-2.77%, and fructosamine of 308.77+/-128.23 micromol/liter. The correlation coefficient between FPG and HbA1 was 0.9098(p<.05), between FPG and fructosamine 0.7953(p Blood Glucose ; Classification ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Fasting ; Fructosamine* ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated* ; Mass Screening ; ROC Curve ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: To reduce life-threatening complication of childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), high-dose intravenous immnuoglobulin G (IVIG) therapy has been used since 1981 by Imbach, et al. Several methods of dose and duration of IVIG therapy have been developed. But total doses were 2 g/kg in most of them. To reduce the total doses, we tried to use IVIG according to the patient's response. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low-dose and short-term immunoglobulin therapy for childhood acute ITP according to individual clinical course. METHODS: This study was conducted in 73 childhood acute ITP who was diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital from September, 1983 to August, 1993. Until June, 1985, IVIG (400mg/kg/day) was given for 5 days in 9 children regardless of the increment of platelet count, but after then IVIG was not given basically when the platelet count was increased above 100,000/mm3. The time to reach targeted platelet count and the rate of relapse and conversion to chronic ITP were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 5.5 years and male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1 and the median duration of follow up was 2.1 years. Among 47 cases who were followed up over 6 months, 13 cases (17.7%) were chronic. The mean days of IVIG therapy was 2.3 days. the mean platelet count was 15,770+/-13,730/mm3 at diagnosis. The paltelet count began to rise above 50,000/mm3 at 2.3 days, 100,000/mm3 at 2.8 days and 150,000/mm3 at 3.5 days of IVIG therapy. But the platelet count was not increased above 100,000/mm3 in 11 cases among those who were given over 4 days or more IVIG therapy. The relapse and the chronic ITP was less developed in rapid responders at the level of 50,000/mm3 than in slow responders (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The short-term (less than 4 days) IVIG therapy is desirable for effect and cost in childhood acute ITP.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Platelet Count ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: Although an increasing number of children with cancer survive as a result of more intense chemotherapy with advanced supportive care, they may be immunosuppressed because of the anticancer chemotherapy with radiotherapy and are susceptible to severe infections. We surveyed the pattern of immunoglobulin deficiency after chemotherapy in childhood acute leukemia with severe infections. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and laboratory reports of 11 acute leukemia patients who developed immunoglobulin deficiency after chemotherapy at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital in Daegu, Korea from January 1995 to September 2003. RESULTS: Among 11 acute leukemia patients, the median time interval from the diagnosis of leukemia to that of immunoglobulin deficiency was 21 (2~44) months. At the diagnosis of leukemia, 10 patients had normal levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM. At the diagnosis of immunoglobulin deficiency, 9 patients had low level of IgG (median, 339 mg/dL), IgA (median, 14.1 mg/dL), IgM (median, 24.4 mg/dL), and the other 2 patients had isolated IgG deficiency and isolated IgA deficiency, respectively. They were treated with antibiotics and high dose intravenous immunoglobulin G. CONCLUSION: Acquired immunoglobulin deficiency is one of the causes of frequent and serious infections which develops in childhood acute leukemia with chemotherapy. We suggest that periodic monitoring of immunoglobulin levels is important for early detection and treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; IgA Deficiency ; IgG Deficiency ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins* ; Korea ; Leukemia* ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Radiotherapy

OBJECTIVE: To observe the capability of fertilization and embryo development including blastocyst formation of the oocytes in simple media after thawing of the cryopreserved cumulus-free mouse oocytes by vitrification method. METHODS: Oocytes were collected from 5 to 6 weeks old ICR female mice, and were denuded from the cumulus cells by 0.1% hyaluronidase. Recovered mature oocytes in study group were cryopreserved by vitrification method using EM grid for 5~7 days. In brief, oocytes were exposed in dPBS containing 1.5 M EG and 5.5 M EG+1 M sucrose for 2.5 minutes and 20 seconds each, and then executed vitrification by plunging in LN2 after loading on EM grid. Thawing treated by exposure of 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 M sucrose solution for 2.5 minutes each in order and used for experiments. Spermatozoa aspirated form the epididymis of 12 weeks old ICR male mice were used for insemination after capacitation. T6 media containing 0.4% BSA were used for fertilization and development. RESULTS: Survival and fertilization rates after thawing were 76.9% and 79.6% respectively. Fertilization rate was lower (p<0.005) than that of control group (92.9%). There was no difference in embryo developmental rates from 2-cell to morula, however, the blastocyst formation rate and mean cell numbers of blastocysts in study group (63.3%, 58.9+/-9.2) were lower compared with those of control group (76.1%, 63.5+/-8.9). CONCLUSION: Vitrification is an effective method for mouse mature oocyte cryopreservation with high survival and fertilization rate after thawing. And in simple media, fertilization rates and embryo development of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes are satisfactory.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Cryopreservation ; Cumulus Cells ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Epididymis ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; Insemination ; Male ; Mice* ; Morula ; Oocytes* ; Pregnancy ; Spermatozoa ; Sucrose ; Vitrification*

Certain natural anticoagulants are known to play critical roles on the control of hemostasis in addition to the physiologic role of fibrinolysis. Major antiproteases of this group include antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, alpha-2-antiplasmin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, etc. There has been increasing recognition of the importance of the control of coagulation and fibrinolysis, both by certain physiologic processes and by natural inhibitors. Especially, activated protein C (protein Ca) and its cofactor, protein S, now are recognized as significant modulators of fibrinolysis, thrombosis and hemostasis. Children and adults with decreased levels of either protein are at increased risk from thrombosis. We experienced a 5 year-old girl patient with cerebral infarction who initially presented with abnormal movement of left extremities. She had lacunar infarction in the posterior limb of the right internal capsule and hypoplastic left carotid artery on brain MRI and MR angiography. She was diagnosed to have protein S deficiency with the level of 43% in the screening test of hypercoagulable state. She remains clinically well after heparin and warfarin treatment with regular follow-up of prothrombin time. A brief review of the literature ensues with the case report.
Adult ; alpha-2-Antiplasmin ; Angiography ; Anticoagulants ; Antithrombin III ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Female ; Fibrinolysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemostasis ; Heparin ; Humans ; Internal Capsule ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Protease Inhibitors ; Protein C ; Protein S Deficiency* ; Protein S* ; Prothrombin Time ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Thrombosis ; Warfarin