Objective:To observe the effect of ischemic preconditioning(IP)on hepatocellular apoptosis caused by ischemia-reperfus ion(IR)injury and expression of apoptosis regulatory genes(Survivin,HIF-1?)protein,to explore the protective mechanisms of IP on IR injury in rat liver.Methods:Ninty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation(SO)group,ischemia-reperfusion(IR)group,ischemic preconditioning(IP)group.In SO group,the hepatoduodenal ligament of rat was only pulled and separated,and then closed the abdomen;IR group subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia;IP group was achieved by ischemia for 5 minutes,followed by reperfusion for 5 minutes before continuous to ischemia for 30 minutes.Ten rats of each group were killed after reperfusion for 2,6,12,24 hours respectively,then liver tissues were taken out.The rats in SO group were killed after operation for 2 hours.To detect the Apotosis index(A)Iand Survivin,HIF-1? protein levels.Results:AI of hepotocytes significantly increased in IR group and IP group than that in SO group(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumin pretreatment on the expression of Nrf2 protein during ventilator-induced lung injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand white rabbits,aged 3-6 months,weighing 2.5-3.0 kg,were randomized into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:two-lung ventilation (TLV) group; one-lung ventilation (OLV) group; and curcumin pretreatment group (group Cur).In group Cur,curcumin 40 mg/kg (dissolved in 2 ml of 1％ sodium carboxymethylcellulose) was given via a gastric tube into the stomach twice a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days before ventilation,while the equal volume of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was given via a gastric tube instead of curcumin in TLV and OLV groups.All the rabbits were tracheostomized,and a tracheal tube was inserted to perform TLV in TLV group,and a tracheal tube was inserted into the right bronchus to establish OLV in OLV and Cur groups.Volumecontrolled ventilation was used in the three groups and the ventilatory parameters were regulated to maintain SpO2 ＞ 90 ％.Immediately before beginning of ventilation (T0) and at 1,2 and 3 h of ventilation (T1-3),arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis and determination of PaO2.The oxygenation index was calculated.At the end of ventilation,the rabbits were sacrificed and right lungs were removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio).The right lower lobe was isolated and puhmonary specimens were obtained for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (using colorimetric method) and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein (by Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination of pathological changes of the lung which were scored.Results Compared with group TLV,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,MDA content,and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased,and the SOD activity and oxygenation index at T2,3 were decreased in OLV and Cur groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group OLV,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,and MDA content were significantly decreased,and the SOD activity,oxygenation index at T3,and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased in group Cur (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Curcumin pretreatment reduces ventilator-induced lung injury through promoting the expression of Nrf2 protein in lung tissues in rabbits.

BACKGROUND:Zinc oxide has shown extraordinary antibacterial effect. But the antibacterial mechanisms of zinc oxide have not been wel developed, and the safety of zinc oxide has not yet been confirmed.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the antibacterial mechanism and safety of zinc oxide based on the current research situation of zinc oxide.
METHODS:The CNKI database and PubMed database (2005-01/2013-08) were used to search the related articles about zinc oxide antibacterial mechanism and safety. The retrieval keywords were“zinc oxide or ZnO, antibacterial”,“zinc oxide or ZnO, safety”both in English and Chinese.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSTION:The antibacterial mechanism of zinc oxide is complex. Zinc oxide reveals its antibacterial power by photo catalysis, zinc ion dissolve out, and active oxygen. But the relationship between photo catalysis and active oxygen is different based on different studies. The safety of zinc oxide is not confirmed, and different studies have different results. Especial y for the nano-zinc oxide, some studies have showed that the zinc oxide is toxic. Al of these mean much more researches are needed to verify the safety of zinc oxide.

This article aimed at exploring the effects and protective mechanism of β-CM7 on renin angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetic rats myocardial tissue. We divided 32 male SD rats into 4 groups: control group, diabetic model control group, insulin (3.7x10(-8) mol/d) treatment group and β-CM7 (7.5x10(-8) mol/d) treatment group. After 30 days, all rats were decapitated and myocardical tissues were collected immediately. After injection, β-CM7 could decrease the content of Ang II, increase the content of Angl-7. And β-CM7 could improve the mRNA of AT1 receptor and Mas receptor. β-CM7 also could improve the mRNA of ACE and ACE2, enhance the activity of ACE and ACE2. These data confirmed tli β-CM7 could activate ACE2-Angl-7-Mas axis, negative passage in RAS, to inhibit the expression ACE mnRiJA and protein in rat myocardium, alleviate the myocardial tissue damage induced by Ang II. The effect of β-CM7 on inhibiting myocardium damage might be related to ACE/ACE2 passageway.
Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; Endorphins ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Peptide Fragments ; pharmacology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System

Objective To evaluate the effect of ixeris sonchifolia on mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) expression following myocardial injury induced by exhausting exercise in rats.Methods Forty male Wistar rats,weighing 200-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n =8),exhausting exercise group (group ES,n =16) and ixeris sonchifolia group (group IS,n =16).The model of myocardial injury was established by exhausting swimming.In IS group,the rats were subjected to exhausting swimming after intraperitoneal ixeris sonchifolia 20 g/kg.In ES and IS groups,8 rats were chosen at 6 and 24 h after exhaustion,and blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava for determination of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations by ELISA.The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling and myocardial specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and for determination of mtTFA expression by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the concentration of serum cTnI was significantly increased,and the expression of mtTFA in myocardial tissues was down-regulated at 6 and 24 h after exhaustion in ES and IS groups.Compared with group ES,the concentration of serum cTnI was significantly decreased,and the expression of mtTFA in myocardial tissues was up-regulated at 6 and 24 h after exhaustion in group IS.Conclusion Ixeris sonchifolia can reduce exhausting exercise-induced myocardial injury through up-regulating myocardial mtTFA expression in rats.

Objective To investigate the relation between microembolic signals (MES) and vertebral basilar artery ste?nosis in patients with brainstem infarction. Methods A total of 156 patients with acute brainstem infarction, who were de?termined the cerebral infarction lesion and vertebral basilar artery stenosis by cranial magnetic resonance imaging and CT an?giography, and were monitored by transcranial Doppler via occipital window of basilar arterial MES monitoring in 7 days of the onset, were divided into microembolus signal negative group (n=136) and positive group (n=20). The clinical data were compared between two groups. The differences of different degrees of stenosis were analyzed in two groups. The differences of different locations of stenosis in patients with vertebral basilar artery stenosis were analyzed in two groups. Logistic regres?sion analysis was used to analyse the factors affecting MES. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus between the two groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the dif?ferent degrees of stenosis between two groups, no or mild stenosis was found in MES-negative group and severe stenosis in MES-positive group (P<0.05). There were 70 cases with no vertebral basilar artery stenosis, 86 cases with mild, moderate and severe stenosis, in which 14 cases were MES-positive and 72 cases were negative. There were significant differences in different locations of stenosis between the two groups. The proportion of multiple infarctions was significantly higher in MES-positive group than that of MES-negative group (P<0.05). The intracranial vertebral basilar artery stenosis and 75%of ver?tebral basilar artery stenosis were the independent risk factors of MES-positive. Conclusion Severe stenosis of the verte?bral basilar artery is more vulnerable to occur MES of posterior circulation, leading to cerebral infarction. Microemboli may be the cause of multiple infarctions in patients with vertebral basilar artery stenosis.

Objective: To construct mcpr1prokaryoti c expression vector and to express MCPR1 protein.Methods:PCR was used to obtain coding region of mcpr1. Construction of a high-level fusion protein expression vector pGEX-4T-mcpr1 was conducted by inserting the fra gment of coding region of mcpr1into a fusion protein expression vector pGEX -4T-1. Then the recombinant plasmid was transferred into E. colito prepar e the MCPR1/GST fusion protein. DNA sequencing and endonucleases digesting were used to check the coding region. Results:pGEX-4T- mcpr1 wa s constructed successfully and the coding region was inserted into the vector co rrectly. A new protein band of 36 000 was observed by SDS-PAGE analysis after i nduction by IPTG. The 36 000 protein amounted to 39 percent of the total prote in and existed mostly in precipitation of broken bacteria. Conclusion: MCPR1 protein can be expressed in E. coliexpression system and purif ied initially.

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and to provide effective prevention and intervention methods in rural area in Kunming.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3 440 permanent residents aged 20～74 years in kunming rural districts.Results The general prevalence rate of diabetes was 4.01% and the standardized rate was 2.90%.The standardized prevalent rate for male(3.55%) was higher than that for female(2.61%),and the prevalence rates varied among different groups of rural inhabitants.Conclusion It is necessary to take effective methods to prevent and control diabetes in rural area.

Yinchenwuling powder is a classic prescription of hygrosisdissipating and choloplania,which has been commonly used till now,with the further research and development of Yinchenwuling powder,It is not only nourish the liver and gallbladder,but also reducing blood lipid and anti-atherosclerosis,and has good effected in antiallergic,antiinflammation,analgesia and other aspects.Often used in jaundice,hepatitis,hyperlipidemia,gouty Arthritis,etc..Now we discussed the pharmacological action and clinical application of Yinchenwuling powder.

BACKGROUND: Digit amputation coupled with neighboring composite skin loss frequently occurs. Conventional treatment for this lesion is somewhat less desirable in that it either results in shortened or lost fingers as well as delayed skin resurfacing. Therefore, the curative effect is not satisfactory.OBJECTIVE: To observe free forearm venous flap for soft-tissue reconstruction in digit amputation accompanied with neighboring soft tissue loss and postoperative rehabilitation and its effect on functional recovery.DESIGN: Before-and-after controlled observational trial based on the patients.SETTING: Department of orthopedics of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 11 patients, 8 males and 3 females aged 20 to 45years, who were treated between October 2000 and May 2004 in the Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,for digit amputations accompanied with composite skin flaps avulsed in dorsal fingers or hand, were recruited.METHODS: Eleven free venous flaps measuring 1. 5 cm × 1.0 cm to 5 cm × 6. 5 cm from anteromedial ipsilateral forearms were elevated and transferred to the defected sites either antegradely or retrogradely with respect to the nature of the defects. Microvascular anastomosis was performed at both ends of the flaps to the wounds in an end-to-end fashion. Digit replantations in 13 digits were performed simultaneously at one stage. The donor sites were closed primarily by direct suturing or skin grafting. After operation, early rehabilitation was initiated under professional guidance.RESULTS: Complete healing was achieved in 9 out of 11 venous flaps and 12 out of 13 replanted digits. After one-year follow-up, finger motion function in seven cases was satisfactory; however, all the flaps presented diminished sensation.CONCLUSION: The free venous flap from anteromedial forearm is an alternative flap for soft-tissue reconstruction in digit amputation. Easy access,ideal thickness, and good pliability are the advantages of the flap whereas limited sensory recovery is the main shortcoming.