Objective　To analyze the influence of multiple variable factors on the occurance rate of pneumothorax associated with transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of the lung. Methods　Fluoroscopically guided lung biopsies were performed in 46 patients. Variable factors were analyzed including lesion size, location, number of puncture, presence of emphysema and patients position after needle biopsy of the lung. Results　Pneumothorax occurred at 9 (19.6%) of 46 patients and that occurred at 4 (44.4%) of 9 emphysematous patients. Among them 2 necessitated chest drainage tube placement. The pneumothorax occurance rate was 30% (3/10) for lesions of diameter 3cm or less in size. In the dependent group, pneumothorax occurred in 4 of 20 patients (20%). In the nondependent group, pneumothorax occurred in 5 of 26 patients (19.2%). Conclusion　The correlation showed that increasing frequency of pneumothorax with decreasing size of lesions. An increased rate of pneumothorax was correlated with presence of emphysema. Patients with emphysema are more likely to have a symptomatic pneumothorax. No significant differences were found in the incidence of pneumothorax between patients placed with the puncture site dependent after biopsy and those placed with the puncture site nondependent.

Objective To observe the 2-year survival situation of high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) treatment in unr esectable advanced pancreatic carcinoma.Methods Thirty-eight patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer received HIFU treatment.After treatment,the changes of laboratory tumor markers examination results,pain score,life quality score and survival situation were recorded.Results Among 35 patients with pain symptom before HIFU treatment,pain was relieved after HIFU treatment in 28 cases,the remission rate was 80.0％.The CA19-9 and CEA levels after HIFU therapy were obviously reduced compared with before treatment.The imaging examination showed the coagulation necrosis in HIFU-treated area.It was found the tumor volume was obviously shrunk during follow-up period.The median survival period was extended to (12.9 ± 6.6) months.Conclusion The HIFU treatment can effectively improve the life quality in the patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and extends their survival period.

Aim To further research into the antithrombotic mechanism of scorpion venom active peptides (SVAP). Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured with enzyme digestive method. After the cultured HUVC was incubated in conditioned media for 1 hour, the effects of SVAP on the concentration of 6-Keto-PGF 1? and NO of HUVEC were determined with radioactive-immunolygic and nitrate reduction enzyme method respectively. Results As compared with control, SVAP in the doses of 1,5,10, 20 mg?L -1 had the distinctive increase of 54%, 68%,72%,79% of the concentration of 6-Keto-PGF 1? and SVAP in the doses of 10, 20 mg?L -1 had the significantly increased of 27%, 46% of the concentration of NO. Regression anylysis showed that the release levels of PGI 2 and NO in HUVEC induced by SVAP was of positive correlation. Conclusion Antithrombotic mechanism of SVAP is related to the increase of PGI 2 and NO released from HUVEC and synergistic and mediating action between NO and PGI 2.

Moderate to severe unilateral ptosis has previously been treated with levator resection or frontalis sling and cosmetic double fold in the opposite eyelid. This method often resulted in undesirable asymmetrical lid lag phenomenon in down gaze. From December 1991 to December 1994, we treated 65 cases of unilateral ptosis with frontalis sling or levator resection, and simultaneously cosmetic frontalis sling have been performed in the unaffected normal eyes of 41 patients and cosmetic double fold have been performed in the unaffected normal eyes of 11 patients. After 6 months of operation, authors survey the patients content. The number of cases of content were 4(36.36%) in 11 cosmetic double fold group and 31(75.6%) in 41 cosmetic frontalis sling group. The content after cosmetic frontalis sling was higher than cosmetic double fold. Asymmetrical lid lag phenomenon on downward gaze which is inevitable complication postoperatively was reduced by means of cosmetic frontalis sling of unafeected normal eye in unilatral ptosis. The authors expect that the patient will be more satisfied with the result of symmetrical lid lag in down gaze after cosmetic frontalis sling of unaffected normal eye in aesthetic aspect.
Eyelids ; Humans

Fourteen total cystectomy specimens with primary carcinoma of urinary bladder were investigated to illustrate the overall prevalence and nature of mucosal changes adjacent to the overt carcinoma and to clarify the distribution pattern and extent of carcinoma in situ in regard with multiplicity, histological type and depth of invasion of the macroscopically visible tumor mass. Of 14 cases subjected to this study were 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of varying degree of differentiation and invasion, one adenocarcinoma, and the another one with no grossly detectable tumor but history of previous cystoscopic removal of papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Each specimen was processed by a histotopographic technique developed by authors, an easy access to reconstruct the mucosal changes using reconstruction paper. For the histological grading and staging of the overt carcinomas, Ash's and Collins' classifications were applied, respectively. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was found in 10 out of 11 cases with overt urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder and one case with no grossly visible neoplasm, in which cystoscopic removal of papillary carcinoma was carried out previously. Distribution pattern of CIS was mostly circular (group I) or arborizing (group II) , located around the overt carcinoma within 0.5 to 2.0cm., but not beyond 3.0cm. from its margin. Correlation between multiplicity of overt carcinomas and presence of CIS was evident together with irregularity of its distribution, but no significance was found with gross appearance, histological grading or with staging.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma in Situ* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Classification ; Cystectomy ; Mucous Membrane* ; Prevalence ; Urinary Bladder*

The reservoir hosts of Thelazia callipaeda were examined. The eyes of the 76 dogs raised at farm, 78 military dogs (shepherds), 96 cattle, and 105 pigs were investigated for the presence of eyeworm. Among them, six worms of T. callipaeda were collected from two dogs raised at farm (2.7%), and 188 worms from 26 shepherds (33.5%). No worms were recovered from the cattle or pigs. These results suggest that the dogs, especially the military dogs are serving as a reservoir host of T. callipaeda. in Korea.
Animals ; Cattle ; Disease Reservoirs/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Dogs ; Eye/parasitology ; Female ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary ; Swine ; Thelazioidea/*isolation & purification

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a process by which aggressive tumor cells generate non-endothelial cell-lined channels in malignant tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).It has provided new insights into tumor behavior and has surfaced as a potential target for drug therapy.The molecular events underlying the process of VM formation are still poorly understood.In this study,we attempted to elucidate the relationship between Notch4 and VM formation in HCC.An effective siRNA lentiviral vector targeting Notch4 was constructed and transfected into Be17402,a HCC cell line.VM networks were observed with a microscope in a 3 dimensional cell culture system.Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was detected by gelatin zymography.Furthermore,the role of Notch4 inhibition in Be17402 cells in vivo was examined in subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of mice.The results showed that downregulation of Notch4 destroyed VM network formation and inhibited migration and invasion of tumor cells in vitro (P＜0.05).In vivo,tumor growth was also inhibited in subcutaneous xenograft model (P＜0.05).The potential mechanisms might be related with down-regulation of MT1-MMP,MMP-2,MMP-9 expression and inhibition of the activation of MMP2 and MMP9.These results indicated that Notch4 may play an important role in VM formation and tumor invasion in HCC.Related molecular pathways may be used as novel therapeutic targets for HCC antiangiogenesis therapy.

Objective To investigate the safety and effect of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation(HIFU) on residual liver cancer in patients after radiotherapy. Methods Twenty liver cancer patients with twenty five residual tumors after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy received HIFU ablation. Liver function and periphery blood cell counts were performed before HIFU and at 1 week after HIFU in all patients. Enhanced MRI and α-fetoprotein (AFP) level were performed before HIFU and at 2 weeks after HIFU to evaluate the effect of HIFU ablation. The survival of all patients was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The mean follow-up time was (12.6 ± 8.0)months. The median survival time and 1-year survival rate were 22 months and 87.5% respectively. No skin burns were observed in all patients. As compared with before HIFU,there were no significant differences in the levels of albumin,alanine transarninase, aspartate transarninase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood red cell counts,blood white cell counts and blood platelet counts at 1 week after HIFU (paired t test, P =0. 156,0. 356,0. 203,0.659,0. 531,0. 519,0. 310,0. 346, respectively). Significant difference in AFP level of 9 patients with AFP＞20 μg/L was observed before HIFU and 2 weeks after HIFU (paired t test, P =0.030). Among 25 residual liver tumors,sixteen with complete ablation and six with ablation volume of ≥80% were observed by enhanced MRI at 2 weeks after HIFU. Conclusions HIFU may be a safe and effective new method to ablate residual liver cancer after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy.

Harpagoside (HAR) is believed to be a main compound in Scrophularia ningpoensis which possess a broad of biological activities.Human serum albumin (HSA) has important physiological roles in transportation, distribution and metabolism of many endogenous and exogenous substances in body.It is great significance in pharmacology to investigate the interaction mechanism of HAR and HSA.In this work, the interaction between HAR and HSA was investigated by fluorescence and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy at different pH (pH=4.0, 7.4, and 9.0) and temperatures (297, 310 and 323 K).The experimental results showed that the HAR could cause the fluorescence quenching of HSA through a static quenching procedure, showing that the HAR regularly quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA, and a decrease in the quenching constant was observed with an increase in temperature.Under different conditions, all the magnitude of binding constants (KA) was larger than 105 L/mol and the number of binding sites (n) in the binary system were approximate to 1.Base on the magnitude of enthalpy and entropy changes, the negative values of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS revealed that the binding of HAR with HSA was spontaneous and exothermic process, and the main interaction forces of the HAR with HAR were van der Waals forces and/or hydrogen bonding interaction.The binding distance (r) between the HAR and HSA was calculated to be about 4.2 nm based on the theory of F(o)rster′s nonradiation energy transfer, which indicated that the energy transfer from HSA to HAR occurred with high possibility.What was more, the synchronous florescence spectroscopy confirmed the conformational changes of HSA during the binding reaction.

Objective To explore the value of color doppler ultrasound in infants with hypothyroidism between 0 to 3 years old before and after treatment .Methods The normal infants ,whose thyroids were examined by two‐dimensional ultrasound and were used by color doppler ultrasound ,were used as control group .The clinically diagnosed infants with transient hyperthyroidism or permanent hyperthyroidism were used as experimental group .The thyroids were examined by multiple ultrasonography before and after the treatment respectively in different periods .The measured values of thyroids were compared each other .Results In in‐fants with transient hyperthyroidism ,the major ultrasonographic findings were atrophy of thyroids before the treatment .Most of these thyroids enlarged ,and a small part of them recovered after the treatment .In infants with permanent hyperthyroidism ,the pri‐mary finding was thyroid agenesis ,and followed by atrophied before the treatment .The thyroid agenesis exist in most cases and few cases recover with normal values after the treatment .Conclusion Color doppler ultrasound can indirectly reflect the thyroid devel‐opment situation in infants .Combined with the advantages of non traumatic and high repeatability ,it can be used as an important auxiliary examination method for clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism in infants .