Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens for hospital-acquired urinary tract infections between patients in internal medicine wards and in surgical wards .Methods A total of 586 midstream urine samples were collected from patients in the First Municipal Hospital of Qinhuangdao during January 2012 and December 2014.Vitek 2 Compact system was applied in bacteria identification and drug sensitivity tests .Excel and SPSS 11.5 software were applied for data analysis . Results A total of 661 strains were isolated , in which 404 strains were from internal medicine wards and 257 strains were from surgical wards .Escherichia coli (44.6%vs.33.1%) and Enterococcus (23.0%vs. 16.3%) infections were more common in the internal medicine wards (χ2 =8.620 and 4.309, P<0.05), while the occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (4.0%vs.24.5%) was higher in surgical wards (χ2 =63.056, P <0.01).Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia strains were highly sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, cefptetan, amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem, and the sensitivity rates were from 85% to 100.0%.The sensitivity rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin/sulbactam, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were <30%, and strains from surgical wards had lower sensitivity rates to these drug than those isolated from internal medicine wards (χ2 =4.987, 4.575 and 5.359, P<0.05).The sensitivity rates of Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from internal medicine wards to ceftazidime , gentamicin and aztreonam were 68.8%, 60.6% and 69.7%, which were higher than those isolated from surgical wards (36.0%, 32.0%, and 40.0%), and the differences were of statistical significance (χ2 =6.068,4.661 and 5.115, P<0.05).Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were highly sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin, and the susceptibilities of strains isolated from surgical wards (98.4%and 96.8%) were higher than those isolated from internal medicine wards (75.0% and 81.3%) (χ2 =11.797 and 5.221, P <0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from surgical wards were also highly sensitive to cefepime (92.1%), but the sensitive rate of strains from internal medicine wards was only 37.5%, and the difference was of statistical significance (χ2 =24.696, P<0.01).Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were sensitive to tigecycline , vancomycin and linezolid with the sensitivity rates over 95%.Except quinupristin/dalfopristin and tetracycline , the sensitivities of Enterococcus faecalis to other antibiotics were higher than Enterococcus faecium.Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecium from surgical wards (33.3%) to moxifloxacin was lower than those from internal medicine wards (70.8%), and the difference was of statistical significance (χ2 =4.629, P <0.05).Conclusion There are differences in distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from internal medicine wards and from surgical wards .

Objective To investigate the effects of Ruangan granule on transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smads signaling pathway in liver fibrosis in rats. Methods A total of 105 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group and colchicine, Dahuang-Zhechong pill group, high-, medium- and low-dose Ruangan granule groups (n=15 in each group). Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride and a high-cholesterol diet. After modeling, the low-, medium- and high-dose Ruangan granule groups were intragastric administrated Ruangan granule mixed suspension 3.6, 7.2, 14.4 g/(kg?d), respectively;Dahuang-Zhechong pill group was administrated with Dahuang-Zhechong pellets mixed suspension of 0.18 g/(kg?d);the colchicine group was intragastric administrated with colchicine mixed suspension of 0.108 mg/(kg?d);and the normal control group and the model group were intragastric administrated with the equal volume of distilled water. All rats were intragastric administrated for 8 weeks. The expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 proteins in the liver tissue were detected with immunohistochemical staining method. The expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 mRNAs in the liver tussue were detected by RT-PCR. Results The expressions of TGF-β1 (2.59 ± 0.99 vs. 0.43 ± 0.21) and Smad3 (2.56 ± 0.67 vs. 0.41 ± 0.18) proteins and TGF-β1 mRNA (2.25 ± 0.21 vs. 0.71 ± 0.09) and Smad3 (2.34 ± 0.03 vs. 0.78 ± 0.12) mRNAs in the model group were significantly increased than those in the normal control group (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expressions of TGF-β1 (1.12 ± 0.27 vs. 2.59 ± 0.99) and Smad3 (1.05 ± 0.34 vs. 2.56 ± 0.67) proteins in the high-dose Ruangan granule group decreased significantly, the expression of Smad7 increased significantly (2.33 ± 0.62 vs. 0.36 ± 0.18), and the expressions of TGF-β1 (1.09 ± 0.11 vs. 2.25 ± 0.21) and Smad3 (1.10 ± 0.02 vs. 2.34 ± 0.03) mRNAs decreased significantly, the expression of smad7 mRNA (1.18 ± 0.13 vs. 0.38 ± 0.11) increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions Ruangan granule can regulate the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway via down-regulation of TGF-β1, Smad3 and up-regulation of Smad7 in liver fibrosis in rats.

Objective To observe theRuangan granule on liver fibrosis in rats liver pathology change, the influence of hepatic function and hepatic fibrosis indexes, and to discusses the mechanism of its action to provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.Methods A total of 105 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group and a colchicines group, and Dahuang-Zhechong pill group, high-, medium- and low-doseRuangan granule groups (n=15 in each group). Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride and a high-cholesterol diet. After modeling, the low-, medium- and high-doseRuangan granule groups were intragastric administratedRuangan granule mixed suspension 3.6, 7.2, 14.4 g/(kg?d), respectively;Dahuang-Zhechong pill group was administrated with Dahuang-Zhechong pellets mixed suspension of 0.18 g/(kg?d); the colchicine group was intragastric administrated with colchicine mixed suspension of 0.108 mg/(kg?d); and the normal control group and the model group were intragastric administrated with the equal volume of distilled water. All rats were intragastric administrated for 8 weeks. HE staining and Masson trichromatic collagen staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver While the change of AST, ALT, PH, TP and serum HA, LN, C-Ⅳ, PCⅢin blood serum were detected. Results Masson trichromatic collagen staining showed that, the percentage of liver collagen fiber area in rats of theRuangan granule high-dose group was significantly decreased (7.06 ± 1.18) % compared with model group (23.49 ± 1.34) %, colchicine group (11.35 ± 1.83) %, rhubarb worm pill group (15.27 ± 1.22) %,Ruangan granule medium-dose group (14.52 ± 1.75) %, and low dose group (16.08 ± 1.56) % (P<0.05 orP<0.01). Compared with model group,Ruangan granule high-dose group rats serum AST (75.86 ± 5.23 U/Lvs. 157.62 ± 24.04) U/L, the ALT (80.15 ± 5.94 U/Lvs. 160.58 ± 26.47) U/L, PH (52.58 ± 4.98μg/Lvs. 98.66 ± 6.75)μg/L significantly reduced, TP (74.19 ± 3.56 g/Lvs. 51.73 ± 5.92)g/L increased significantly (P<0.01).Ruangan granule high-dose group rats serum HA (277.22 ± 106.34 ng/mlvs. 553.19 ± 172.38 ng/ml), LN (89.82 ± 5.68 ng/mlvs. 134.25 ± 10.64 ng/ml), C-Ⅳ (47.94 ± 8.65 ng/mlvs. 84.18 ± 13.83 ng/ml), PCⅢ (16.53 ± 4.88 ng/mlvs.31.57 ± 5.35 ng/ml) decreased significantly in the model group (P<0.01).ConclusionRuangan granule has obvious effects for resisting liver fibrosis.

Objective To compare the efficacy of weight loss,metformin and rosiglitazone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods A randomized controlled trial(RCT)was carried out in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH),one hundred and six women with PCOS were assigned to three intervention groups:weight loss,weight loss and metformin,weight loss and rosiglitazone group.Patients were treated with weight loss(diet and exercise),weight loss and mefformin (500 mg three times daily),weight loss and rosiglitazone(4 mg once daily)for three months.Sixty patients completed treatments.Basal body temperature(BBT),total testosterone as well as fasting serum insulin levels and lipid were measured and compared in all patients before and after weight loss.Results No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics among three groups.In weight loss group 51%(22/43)patients completed treatment,and 23%(5/22)patients resumed ovulation.In weight loss and mefformin group 58%(21/36)patients completed treatment,and 43%(9/21)patients resumed ovulation.In weight loss and rosiglitazone group 63%(17/27)patients completed treatment,and 59% (10/17)patients resumed ovulation.Ovulation rate was significantly higher in weight loss and rosiglitazone group than in weight loss group.There was no significant difference among three groups in body mass index (BMI),waist circumference,waist-hip ratio(WHR),sex hormone,serum fasting insulin and lipid level after treatment.Conclusion Weight loss,metformin and rosiglitazone all can improve ovulation each.

Background The main cause of filtering surgery failure is over proliferation of fibroblasts in filtering channels,leading to excessive fibrosis and scar formation.Researches determined that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in fibroblast phenotype transition. Objective The present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of p38 MAPK inhibitor on myofibroblasts transdifferentiation and the extracellular matrix synthesis after filtration surgery in rabbit eyes. Methods Trabeculectomy was performed on 24 eyes of 12 clean New Zealand white rabbits to establish the filtering operative models.The models were randomized into model group,SB203580 group and mitomycin C ( MMC ) group.1 ml SB203580 ( 0.2 g/L) was conjunctively injected at the end of operation in the rabbits of the SB203580 group,and the cotton piece with 0.2 g/L MMC solution was placed on the operative area for 3 minutes intraoperatively in the rabbits of the MMC group.The bleb appearances were examined under the slit lamp microscope,and intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured with Icare tonometer I,3,7,10,14 days after operation.0.2 ml aqueous humor was extracted and the conjunctive tissue at the filtering area was obtained 14 days after operation for the detection of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin protein by ELISA.Expression of ACTA2 mRNA,connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) mRNA and alpha2 chain of type Ⅰ collagen( COL1A2 )mRNA in conjunctive tissue was assayed with fluorescence real-time PCR. Results Vascularization of fibrosis of filtering bleb were obvious in the eyes of the model group,and the bleb was flat and diffuse in the eyes of the SB203580 group and MMC group on 14 days following operation.No significant difference was seen in IOP before trabeculectomy among these three groups( F=0.065,P=0.937 ).IOP was gradually elevated with the increase of time after operation ( F =32.873,P =0.030 ).ELISA assay showed that α-SMA level in conjunctiva was lower in the SB203580 group and MMC group compared with the model group,and that of MMC group was significant lower than the SB203580 group( P＜0.05 ).Fibronectin level in conjunctiva was lower in the SB203580 group and MMC group compared with the model group,and that of MMC group was significant lower than the SB203580 group (P＜0.05).Fluorescence real-time PCR showed that expressions of the ACTA2 mRNA,CTGF mRNA and COL1A2 mRNA were significantly different among the three groups( P＜0.01 ),with the highest expression in model group and the lowest expression in the MMC group ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Fibrotic reaction after trabeculectomy can be suppressed by inhibiting p38 MAPK signal pathway.The mechanism of SB203580 is to reduce the synthesis of myofibroblasts transdiffercntiation and extracellular matrix.

No abstract available.
Fluconazole* ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea*

No abstract available.
Humans

Polymeric micelles from pH-sensitive block copolymers have been designed for targeting tumor acidity or endosomal pH in tumor cells. The micelles are core-shell types formed by self-organization of the blocks in an aqueous medium or under specific experimental conditions. They possess a segment that has physical or chemical properties responding to small changes in environmental pH. The segment induces to the fast release kinetics from the micelles at tumor sites by particle shrunk/disruption. Furthermore, it can alter the biodistribution of the micelles and the interactions with tissues and cells by utilizing small pH changes. Such properties lead to overcome the problems associated with free chemo-agents, such as nonspecific toxicity, lack of tumor selectivity, and the development of multidrug resistance in various tumor cells. Therefore, the micelles have been considered as promising anti-cancer drug carriers. This review summarizes the recent progress in pH-sensitive micelles for tumor chemotherapy, particularly for those responding to tumor pH and endosomal/lysosomal pH for the treatment of multidrug resistance (MDR).
Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Micelles ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Polymers/chemistry

This is a retrospective clinical analysis of 156 patient with colorectal cancer who were surgically treated from January 1988 to June 1996 at the Department of Surgery, Seoul Adventist Hospital. The results are as follows: 1) The peak age incidence was in the 7th decade (31.4% of the cases), and the sex ratio of males to females was 1.03 : 1. 2) The most common location of the tumor was the rectum in 77 cases (49.4%); next were the sigmoid colon in 25 cases (16.0%) and the ascending colon in 25 cases (16.0%). 3) In the right colon, the most frequent symptoms and signs were abdominal pain, a palpable mass, weight loss; in the left colon and rectum, bloody tarry stool and bowel- habit change were the most common symptoms and signs. 4) The duration of the symptoms and signs prior to admission was most commonly less than 3 month (46.8% of the cases). 5) The diagnostic methods were digital rectal examination, sigmoidoscopy, colonofiberoscopy, barium enema, and abdominal CT. In two cases,an exploratory laparotomy was done. Also, 2.8 studies were done per patient. 6) The operations performed included an abdominoperineal resection in 36 cases (24.0%) and a right hemicolectomy (18.7%). The operability was 96.2%, and the total resectability was 79.5%. 7) The staging of the tumor was performed during the initial operation according to the Aster Coller classification and the TNM classification. Stages C2 (33.8%) and B2 (29.1%) and T3N0M0 were the most frequent stages in both classification. 8) The most common histologic type was an adenocarcinoma (96.8%). 9) The most common macroscopic finding was of the annular type (59.6%) 10) The most common distant metastasis sites were the pelvic organs and the liver. 11) The most frequent postoperative complication was wound infection (14.7%). The complication rate and perioperative mortality were 32.7% and 2%, respectively.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Barium ; Classification ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Male ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Weight Loss ; Wound Infection

Annexin-1 (ANX1) is a 37 kDa protein that is induced and secreted by glucocorticosteroid hormone. The secreted ANX1 has been believed to exert its function by binding to its putative rnembrane receptor. In this report we demonstrate that ANXl receptor (ANX1R) signal blocks the interleukin-1B (IL-1B) receptor signal pathway in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When PBMCs were treated with both IL-1B (100 ng/ml) and PMA (10 ng/ml) in the absence or presence of dexamethasone for 5 days, dexamethasone (100 nM) suppressed lymphocyte proliferation to 24% of the control. However addition of anti-ANX1 polyclonal antibody of 1:200 and 1:1,000 dilution to this system induced recovery of proliferation to 80% and 40%, respectively, when compared to the control. In the mixed lymphocyte reaction, dexamethasone suppressed lymphocyte proliferation to 9% of that of control when stimulated with IL-1B (100 ng/ml) and phorbol myristate acetate (10 ng/ml). Addition of anti-ANX1 polyclonal antibody (1:1,000) to this system also recovered the proliferation to 20% of that of the control system. In the ANX1 receptor induction experiment using flow cytometry, ANX1 receptor expression on lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes increased depending on the externally added IL-1B ranging from 10 to 1,000 ng/ml. From these results, it is evident that dexamethasone induces ANX1 secretion into the culture medium and anti-ANX1 polyclonal antibody abolishes the effects of dexamethasone. Furthermore these results imply that extracellular ANX1 exerts its effects by binding to the receptor on the cell membrane and the activated signal(s) of ANX1R block IL-1B receptor signal in the lymphocytes.
Cell Membrane ; Dexamethasone ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-1* ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocytes* ; Monocytes ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate*