A case of eavernous hemangiomatosis involving alI tendon sheath of flexors and median nerve of the right forearm is reported. This case was a 22 year old Korean male who complained of painful swelling of the flexor side of right wrist region, limited motion of wrist joint, loss of pinching and opposition with tingling sensation on the admission. Roentgenographic examination revealed fusiform swelling of the soft tissues in flexor aspect of the right wrist region, with phlebolith, 3mm. in diameter. The tumor mass looked like strawberry in shape, and was scattered into all tendon sheath of flexors of the forearm, median nerve, the distal half of pronator quadrtus and other surrounding soft tissues. The specimen was confirmed as cavernous hemangioma in microscopic examination. The right long arm splint was applied for 3 weeks, and then the patient was treated with physical therapy for 4 months. Pinching, opposition, and motion of the right wrist joint recovered almost completly, and no evidence of the recurrence of hemangiomatosis was seen until 8 months after surgery.
Arm ; Forearm ; Fragaria ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Splints ; Tendons ; Wrist ; Wrist Joint

A retrospective study was made of the previous medical records of 32 infants with congenital syphilis borne from mothers with untreated syphilis at Severence Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine during the years 1,972 through 19g3, These infants had a VDRL titer higher than 1: 8 with reactive FTA-ABS test and were also subjected to radiologic examinations. Radiologic changes and clinical features were analyzed, The following results were obtained: Of the total of 32 infants with congenital syphilis under 5 months of age, those under 1 month of age, were the most common group numbering a total of twelve. Of 32 infants with congenital syphilis, twenty-nine(91%) showed skeletal changes upon radiologic examination, Among them the different sites of bone involvernent revealed that the femur(92%) was the most commonly affected bone, followed by the humerus(88%), tibia(81%,), fibula(80%), ulna(72%), radius (68%). Among the same 29 infants a study of the presence of various abnormal bone changes showed that periostitis was the most common, being involved in 83%, the others being metaphysitis and periostitis(72%), metaphysitis(66%). 3. Among the clinicaI features presented in the 32 infants with congenital syphilis, hepatomegaly was the most common(63%,), followed by erythema with desquamation(47%), pneumonia(38%), maulopapules(34%).
Erythema ; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Periostitis ; Radius ; Retrospective Studies ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Congenital*

Additional two cases of the primary ureteral tumor with a literatural review were presented.
Ureter*

Polydactyly is the most common congenital anomaly of the upper limb. Polydactyly is classified as preaxial polydactyly(thumb), central polydactyly(index, middle and ring fingers), and postaxial polydactyly(little finger) by the site of the extra digit. A 3-day-old female newborn had a 1.5 * 1.0cm sized flesh color ed pedunculated sac like mass on the proximal phalanx of her right thumb since birth. A roentgenogram on the hand revealed no bony abnormalities of the digit and the mass contained no bony structures. The stalk of the mass was cut by the CO2 laser. On histopathological examination, a cartilage structure was found in the loosely arranged, edematous dermis and the overlying epidermis was flattened. The clinical and histological findings support the diagnosis of preaxial polydactyly. We report this interesting case of preaxial polydactyly with a review of the literature.
Cartilage ; Color ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lasers, Gas ; Parturition ; Polydactyly* ; Skin* ; Thumb ; Upper Extremity

A retrospective study was made of the previous medical records of 47 infants with congenital syphilis born from mothers with untreated syphilis at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine during the years 1972 through 1983 The VDRL titer of these infants was higher than 1: 8 with reactive FT.A-ABS test. They were subjectd to hematologic examinations and the results were as follow s, 1. Of 46 infants with congenital syphilis, anemia was observed in thirty-one (68%) Reticulocytosis occurred in seventeen(89%) of nineteen infants with congenital syphilis having the mean value of 6. 0%. 3, Of 4.7 infants with congenital syphilis, leucocytosis was noted in seveenteen 4, Thrombocytopenia was observed in twenty (64%) of thirty-one infants with congenital syphilis.
Anemia ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Reticulocytosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Congenital* ; Thrombocytopenia

Due to the great deal of effort that has gone into the study of osteoclastic differentiation and activation over the last few decades, the mechanisms of these two events have been discovered gradually. Nitric oxide(NO-), which is produced from arginine by a nitric oxide synthase, opened up a new area of biological research. Recently, it has been reported that NO- is produced by osteoblasts stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and several other cytokines. In this study, the effect of sodium nitroprusside(SNP), a donor of nitric oxide(NO-), on osteoclast-like cell formation and on mature osteoclast function was examined. To determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of SNP decreased not only the basal 45Ca release but also thee bone resorption induced by PTH and l,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (I ,25[OH]2D3). The inhibitory effect of SNP on bone resorption induced by PTH appeared 2 days after treatment, whereas SNP effect on inhibiting bone resorption induced by l,25[OH]2D3 appeared at the third days. When chicken and rat osteoclasts were cultured on dentin slices, treatment of 300micronM SNP resulted in a significant decrease in dentin resorption by osteoclasts in terms of total resorption area and average individual area. We also examined the effect of SNP on formation of osteoclast-like cells that is TRAP-positive multinucleated cells from chicken and rat bone marrow cells in the presence or absence of 10(-8)M l,25[OH]2D3. The addition of 300 micronM SNP inhibited the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. The present data suggest that SNP, possibly as a NO- donor, inhibits the osteoclastic differentiation and osteoclastic activity.
Animals ; Arginine ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Resorption ; Chickens ; Cytokines ; Dentin ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroprusside* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts* ; Rats ; Sodium* ; Tissue Donors

Chicken calvarial bone is known to contain various cell types, but their exact composition is unknown. By characterizing the chicken calvarial bone biochemically, it can be used to study biochemical, histochemical actions of bone cells in general. Calvaria of I8-day-old white leg horn embryo was aseptically dissected and bone cell populations were isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion. Histochemical study for osteoclast-like bone cell population was performed with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) stain and for osteoblast-like bone cell population, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stain was performed. Biochemical study for osteoblast-like bone cell population was performed using alkaline phosphatasetal.P) assay. Following conclusions were obtained from this study. 1. TRAP positive multi and mononuclear cells were mostly observed in group I and II, indicating that osteoclast-like bone cell population is mostly found in these groups. 2. All the cultured groups showed almost equal ALP activities and were positive for ALP stain, indicating that osteoblast-like bone cell population is evenly dispersed in all culture groups. 3. Experimental group treated with I,25(OH)2D3 showed increase in ALP activity in contrast to the control group, confirming previous studies that I,25(OH)2D3 increases ALP activities in vitro bone cultures. 4. Results from von Kassa's stain indicated that in vitro bone formation had occured after 3 weeks of culture with beta glycero phosphate.
Animals ; Chickens ; Digestion ; Embryonic Structures ; Horns ; Leg ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Skull

The etiologic factors of tennis elbow have been obscure in spite of increased concern and study. The true pathologic changes in tennis elbow are also not well established. The authors anslized 300 tennis players for a history of tennis elbow, finger size, body weight,weight and grip size of racket etc. The results were as follows; 1. 68 among 300 players have suffered from tennis elbow more than one time (22.7%). 2. There were no difference in correlation between body weight and racket weight. 3. Most players have used improper grip, especially in those who have suffered from tennis elbow.
Body Size ; Body Weight ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Fingers ; Hand Strength ; Tennis Elbow ; Tennis

Orthodontic tooth movement in response to orthodontic force results from actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the cell level. Convincing evidence has now been provided to support the view that osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear cells that originate in the bone marrow or other hematopoietic organs and they migrate to the bones via vascular routes. Nitric oxide(NO), which accounts for the biological properties of endothelium-derived relaxmg factor(EDRF), is the endogenous stimulator of soluble guanylate cylase. The discovery of the formation of nitric oxide(NO) from L-arginine in mammalian tissues and its biologioal roles has, in the last 7 years, thrown new light onto many areas of research. Data from experiments in vitro showed that N-metyl-L-arginine(L-NMA) and L-nitro-L-arginine(L-NAME) are competitive inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. This study suggest that the multinucleated cells in our culture have characteristics of osteoclasts and that the potential bone cell activity of nitric oxide in vitro may be mediated in part by stimulation of marrow mononuclear cells to form osteoclast-like cells. Bone marrow cells were obtained from tibia of 19-days old chick embryo. After sacrifice, tibia was quickly dissected and the bone were then split to expose the medullary bone. The cells were attached for 4 hours and the nonadherent cells were collected. Marrow cells were cultured in 96-well plate in medium 199. To examine the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells(MNCs), 10(-8) M Vit-D3 and various concentration of L-NMA and L-NAME were added at the beginning of cultures and with each medium change. After 7 days of culture, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining was performed for microscopic evaluation. Cells having more than three nuclei per cell were counted as MNCs. The observed results were as follows; 1. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 stimulated the osteoclast-like multinucleated cells in cultures of chick embryo bone marrow. 2. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors(NOSI ; N-NMA, N-NAME) stimulated the osteoclast-like cells in cultures of chick embry bone marrow. 3. 1,25-dihydroxyvltamine D3 and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors did not appear to have additive effect on the generation of TRAP-positive MNCs. These results suggest that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may stimulate the osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation and fusion in cultures of chick bone marrow.
Animals ; Arginine ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Chick Embryo ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Tibia ; Tooth Movement

Fourteen total cystectomy specimens with primary carcinoma of urinary bladder were investigated to illustrate the overall prevalence and nature of mucosal changes adjacent to the overt carcinoma and to clarify the distribution pattern and extent of carcinoma in situ in regard with multiplicity, histological type and depth of invasion of the macroscopically visible tumor mass. Of 14 cases subjected to this study were 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of varying degree of differentiation and invasion, one adenocarcinoma, and the another one with no grossly detectable tumor but history of previous cystoscopic removal of papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Each specimen was processed by a histotopographic technique developed by authors, an easy access to reconstruct the mucosal changes using reconstruction paper. For the histological grading and staging of the overt carcinomas, Ash's and Collins' classifications were applied, respectively. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was found in 10 out of 11 cases with overt urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder and one case with no grossly visible neoplasm, in which cystoscopic removal of papillary carcinoma was carried out previously. Distribution pattern of CIS was mostly circular (group I) or arborizing (group II) , located around the overt carcinoma within 0.5 to 2.0cm., but not beyond 3.0cm. from its margin. Correlation between multiplicity of overt carcinomas and presence of CIS was evident together with irregularity of its distribution, but no significance was found with gross appearance, histological grading or with staging.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma in Situ* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Classification ; Cystectomy ; Mucous Membrane* ; Prevalence ; Urinary Bladder*