14 supratentorial and 6 infratentorial arachnoid cysts, diagnosed and treated at Kangnam St Mary's Hospital from 1983 to 1988, are reported. The most common presenting symptoms in children were craniomegaly, delayed development, increased ICP and neurological focal signs. Neuroradiological examination included plain skull X-ray, brain CT and metrizamide CT or isotope study. Therapeutic criteria according to the clinical and radiological findings were reviewed. The results were as follows; 1) The patient below age of 2 yrs who's brain had a potent ability of growth should be operated in any cases for reducing mass effect. 2) In sylvian lesion, Type II and III according to the classification of Galassi were well treated with C-P snunt. 3) In infratentorial lesion, all patients had hydrocephalus and the patient who had communicated with subarachnoid space in metrizamide CT were well treated with V-P shunt and who not communicated with subarachnoid space was well treated with Y-shunt. 4) We had good results by fenestration above the age of 3 yrs and by C-P shunt under the age of 2 yrs in supratentorial lesion.
Arachnoid Cysts* ; Brain ; Child* ; Classification ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Metrizamide ; Skull ; Subarachnoid Space

BACKGROUND: Glioblastomas are one of the most common and aggressive malignant glial tumors occuring in the central nervous system. This study analyzed the status of p15INK4b, p14ARF, p16INK4a, MTAP, IFNA, and IFNB genes in 36 primary glioblastomas to investigate whether the inactivation of these genes participate in primary glioblastoma tumorigenesis. METHODS: We used polymerase chain reaction, polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR/SSCP) analysis, and methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS: Homozygous deletions at the p16INK4a gene were detected in 11 cases (30.5%) of 36 primary glioblastomas, and the promoter hypermethylation was found in 3 cases (8.3%) of 36 primary glioblastomas. In mutational analysis for the p16INK4a gene by PCR/SSCP, there was no abnormal mobility-shifted band in 36 cases of primary glioblastomas. The overall frequency of p16INK4a alterations including homozygous deletion and promoter hypermethylation in 36 primary glioblastomas was 38.8% (14 of 36). Deletions of p15INK4b were noted in 4 cases (11.1%), whereas deletions of the p14ARF and MTAP genes were detected in 1 case of 36 cases of primary glioblastomas. But deletions of the INFA and B genes were not found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that alterations of the p16INK4a gene can be important mechanisms of the tumorigenesis of primary glioblastomas, and the p16INK4a gene is inactivated by mechanisms including homozygous deletion and promoter hypermethylation.
Brain Neoplasms ; Carcinogenesis ; Central Nervous System ; Genes, p16 ; Glioblastoma* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF

Scapulothoracic bursitis, an uncommon lesion, has been reported to be a painful disorder of scapulothoracic articulation. The articulation may become inflamed secondary to trauma when overused because of sports or work that requires repetitive or constant movement of the scapula against the posterior chest wall. The bursitis usually appears as a growing mass at the scapulothoracic interface and is often confused with a soft tissue tumor. We report on a patient with scapulothoracic bursitis who underwent surgical excision.
Bursa, Synovial ; Bursitis* ; Humans ; Scapula ; Sports ; Thoracic Wall