No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Hematoma*

Rhizobium radiobacter has been recognized as a rare pathogen affecting debilitated patients and usually associated with indwelling foreign body. Rhizobium radiobacter is a rare pathogen of peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. It is assumed that a cure can hardly be expected without removal of a peritoneal dialysis catheter. We experienced a case of Rhizoboum radiobacter peritonitis in a patient on CAPD successfully cured without removal of the peritoneal dialysis catheter. The patient was 42-year-old male and maintained on CAPD for 2 months. He visited with cloudy peritoneal dialysate effluent and showed mild abdominal tenderness. 650 leucocytes/microL were counted and Rhizobium radiobacter was isolated in the peritoneal dialysate effluent. His peritonitis was completely resolved with 3 weeks course of intraperitoneal ceftazidime and oral ciprofloxacin. He has maintained on CAPD without recurrence of peritonitis for 12 months.
Adult ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens* ; Catheters* ; Ceftazidime ; Ciprofloxacin ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Recurrence ; Rhizobium*

PURPOSE: An inflammatory mechanism has been suggested to contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Both retinoid and PPAR-gamma agonist, known anti-inflammatory agents, have been reported to be beneficial in diabetic nephropathy. Because they form heterodimer for transcription within the nucleus, we investigated the effect of a combination treatment with them in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with retinoid and PPAR-gamma agonist. The effects were determined by measuring urinary monocyte chemoattractant peptide (MCP)-1, proteinuria, and intrarenal ED-1 expression. RESULTS: Blood glucose concentration was higher in diabetic rats than in control rats. Retinoid and PPAR-gamma agonist did not affect blood glucose concentration. Urinary protein excretion (8.6+/-0.69 vs. 22.1 mg/mgCr, p<0.01) and urinary MCP-1 (19.8+/-3.4 vs. 61.5+/-6.1 pg/mgCr, p<0.01) were significantly higher in diabetic rats at four weeks after the induction of diabetes compared with controls. Proteinuria in the group with retinoic acid (16.9+/-1.4, mg/mgCr, p<0.05) and PPAR-gamma agonist (14.6+/-1.5 mg/mgCr, p<0.05) were decreased. Retinoic acid (42.2+/-2.7 pg/mgCr, p<0.05) and PPAR-gamma agonist (40.5+/-pg/ mgCr, p<0.05) significantly suppressed MCP-1 level in diabetic rats. However, combination treatment was not effective to proteinuria and urinary MCP-1 concentration. Urinary protein excretion was significantly correlated with MCP-1 (r=0.9, p<0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant increase in staining for ED-1 protein in the diabetic kidneys. Both retinoid and PPAR-gamma agonist significantly suppressed intrarenal ED-1 synthesis. However combination treatment didn't show any additional beneficial effects. CONCLUSION: Both retinoic acid and PPAR-gamma agonist suppressed proteinuria and inflammatory changes in diabetic rats. However, there were no additional effects of the combination treatment present. Further research is needed to determine the effect of the combination treatment on diabetic nephropathy.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Monocytes ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors* ; Peroxisomes* ; Proteinuria ; Rats ; Retinoids ; Streptozocin ; Tretinoin

In neuronal recording studies on anesthetized animals, reliable measures for the transitional moment of consciousness are frequently required. Previous findings suggest that pupil fluctuations reflect the neuronal states during quiet wakefulness, whose correlation was unknown for the anesthetized condition. Here, we investigated the pupillary changes under isoflurane anesthesia simultaneously with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG). The pupil was tracked by using a region-based active contour model. The dose was given to the animal in a stepwise increasing mode (simulating induction of anesthesia) or in a stepwise decreasing mode (simulating emergence of anesthesia). We found that the quickly widening pupil action (mydriasis) characterizes the transitional state in anesthesia. Mydriasis occurred only in the light dose in the emergence phase, and the events were accompanied by an increase of burst activity in the EEG followed by EMG activity in 47% of the mydriasis events. Our findings suggest that recording such pupil changes may offer a noncontact monitoring tool for indexing the transitional state of the brain, particularly when a lower threshold dose is applied.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Brain ; Consciousness ; Electroencephalography ; Isoflurane* ; Mydriasis ; Neurons ; Pupil* ; Wakefulness

In neuronal recording studies on anesthetized animals, reliable measures for the transitional moment of consciousness are frequently required. Previous findings suggest that pupil fluctuations reflect the neuronal states during quiet wakefulness, whose correlation was unknown for the anesthetized condition. Here, we investigated the pupillary changes under isoflurane anesthesia simultaneously with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG). The pupil was tracked by using a region-based active contour model. The dose was given to the animal in a stepwise increasing mode (simulating induction of anesthesia) or in a stepwise decreasing mode (simulating emergence of anesthesia). We found that the quickly widening pupil action (mydriasis) characterizes the transitional state in anesthesia. Mydriasis occurred only in the light dose in the emergence phase, and the events were accompanied by an increase of burst activity in the EEG followed by EMG activity in 47% of the mydriasis events. Our findings suggest that recording such pupil changes may offer a noncontact monitoring tool for indexing the transitional state of the brain, particularly when a lower threshold dose is applied.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Brain ; Consciousness ; Electroencephalography ; Isoflurane* ; Mydriasis ; Neurons ; Pupil* ; Wakefulness

Despite that clinical trials have been examining the safety profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, there are concerns about long-term side effects as the number of vaccinations increases. Herein, we report a case of new-onset renal-limited antimyeloperoxidase (MPO) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis after booster vaccination with the mRNA 1273 (Moderna) vaccine. A 72-year-old woman with no specific past history, and who had a normal renal function, developed ANCAassociated vasculitis following heterologous booster with mRNA1273 (Moderna) vaccine.After a kidney biopsy, she was diagnosed with ANCA-associated pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Her renal function and constitutional symptoms have been improved with treatment with plasmapheresis, intravenous cyclophosphamide and steroid pulse therapy (intravenous 500 mg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for 3 days) followed by a reduced steroid regimen.

The main feature of acute renal failure is a decline in the glomerular filtration rate. However, urine leakage into the peritoneal cavity due to bladder rupture may cause pseudo-renal failure. This is a situation in which renal function is normal, along with the presence of elevated serum creatinine. A 47-year-old woman presented with abdominal distension and pretibial pitting edema on both lower extremities. She had no traumatic history. She did not complain of abdominal pain, and exhibit neither oliguria nor anuria. Her blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine was 105 and 11.2 mg/dL. Ascites showed that urea nitrogen and creatinine were 160 and 29 mg/dL, respectively. We confirmed bladder rupture by an abdominal CT scan and retrograde cystography. She underwent an emergency laparotomy to repair the ruptured bladder. Azotemia was normalized 2 days after the operation. Here we present a rare case of uremia due to bladder rupture.
Abdominal Pain ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Anuria ; Ascites ; Azotemia ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Edema ; Emergencies ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Nitrogen ; Oliguria ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Rupture ; Urea ; Uremia ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown serum cystatin C to be a better parameter for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than serum creatinine (sCr). It is also known to be more sensitive in detecting of early renal impairment. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 518 subjects with various renal functions for GFR determination and cystatin C measurement. GFRs were estimated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula and classified 5 stages according to KDOQI CKD classification. The relationships between the levels of serum cystatin C or sCr and the stages of GFR were determined. RESULTS: The mean levels of serum cystatin C in stage 1 (normal renal function) subjects were not different in stage 2 (mild renal impairment) subjects (0.9+/-0.3 vs. 0.9+/-0.3 (mg/L), p>0.05). The mean levels of sCr in stage 1 subjects also were not different from the ones in stage 2 subjects (0.7+/-0.1 vs. 1.0+/-0.2 (mg/dL), p>0.05). The levels of cystatin C in stage 3 (moderate renal impairment) were significantly higher than those in stage 2 subjects. The difference of serum levels of cystatin C between stage 2 and stage 3 was more significant than the difference of sCr (0.9+/-0.3 vs. 1.2+/-0.6, p=0.007: 1.0+/-0.2 vs. 1.3+/-0.3, p=0.02). The levels of cystatin C and sCr were increased as GFR decreased after stage 2. The correlation of cystatin C with GFR was similar to that of sCr (-0.675 vs. -0.670) CONCLUSION: Serum cystatin C is not better than sCr for detecting of early renal impairment, but, gives a good assessment of GFR change during the follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown serum cystatin C to be a better parameter for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than serum creatinine (sCr). It is also known to be more sensitive in detecting of early renal impairment. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 518 subjects with various renal functions for GFR determination and cystatin C measurement. GFRs were estimated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula and classified 5 stages according to KDOQI CKD classification. The relationships between the levels of serum cystatin C or sCr and the stages of GFR were determined. RESULTS: The mean levels of serum cystatin C in stage 1 (normal renal function) subjects were not different in stage 2 (mild renal impairment) subjects (0.9+/-0.3 vs. 0.9+/-0.3 (mg/L), p>0.05). The mean levels of sCr in stage 1 subjects also were not different from the ones in stage 2 subjects (0.7+/-0.1 vs. 1.0+/-0.2 (mg/dL), p>0.05). The levels of cystatin C in stage 3 (moderate renal impairment) were significantly higher than those in stage 2 subjects. The difference of serum levels of cystatin C between stage 2 and stage 3 was more significant than the difference of sCr (0.9+/-0.3 vs. 1.2+/-0.6, p=0.007: 1.0+/-0.2 vs. 1.3+/-0.3, p=0.02). The levels of cystatin C and sCr were increased as GFR decreased after stage 2. The correlation of cystatin C with GFR was similar to that of sCr (-0.675 vs. -0.670) CONCLUSION: Serum cystatin C is not better than sCr for detecting of early renal impairment, but, gives a good assessment of GFR change during the follow-up.

In the rat brain stem, neurons innervating the sublingual and submandibular gland were investigated by means of cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and pseudorabies virus (PRV). Injection of CTB into the sublingual gland and PRV into the submandibular gland, neural tracer labeled neurons showed similar positions in central nervous system with PRV into the sublingual gland and CTB into the submandibular gland. CTB labeled-neurons were observed in superior salivatory nucleus, PRV labeled-neurons in superior salivatory nucleus and reticular nucleus. CTB was more fine tracer than PRV for observation of superior salivatory nucleus. The size of CTB labeled-neurons is larger in submandibular gland than in sublingual gland. The size of PRV labeled-neurons were nearly the same after injection to submandibular or sublingual gland. No neurons were labeled together with CTB and PRV. Neurons innervating sublingual and submandibular gland were localized independently in superior salivatory nucleus. These results provided a neuroanatomical data of the neurons innervating the sublingual and submandibular gland in the superior salivatory nucleus.
Animals ; Brain Stem ; Central Nervous System ; Cholera Toxin* ; Cholera* ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Neurons ; Pseudorabies* ; Rats ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland*