INTRODUCTIONThe study aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of contraception among women in Singapore, and identify the factors that influence contraception choice.

METHODSWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 259 female patients, aged 21-49 years, who attended the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic at National University Hospital, Singapore. An original questionnaire on nine contraceptive methods was used. Respondents who had ≥ 2 correct answers for a method (out of four questions) were considered to have good knowledge of the method. Participants were asked to rate factors known to influence contraceptive choice as important or not important.

RESULTSAwareness of the following methods was high: condom (100.0%), oral contraception pill (89.2%), tubal ligation (73.0%) and copper intrauterine device (IUD) (72.2%). The women were least aware of hormonal IUD (24.3%). Women who were parous, had a previous abortion, had completed their family or used contraception previously were more likely to have a higher awareness of contraception. 89.2% of the women had good knowledge of the condom; among those aware of hormonal IUD, only 46.0% had good knowledge of it. Women who had used hormonal IUD and the condom were more likely to have good knowledge of them. Many rated efficacy (90.5%) and a healthcare professional's advice (90.1%) as important in contraceptive choice. Few considered peer influence (21.0%) and cultural practices (16.3%) to be important.

CONCLUSIONWomen in Singapore have poor awareness and knowledge of contraception, especially long-acting reversible methods. More effective ways are needed to educate women about contraceptive methods.

Abortion, Induced ; Adult ; Choice Behavior ; Condoms ; Contraception ; methods ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Middle Aged ; Parity ; Patient Education as Topic ; Singapore ; Social Class ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control* ; Vaccination ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control* ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to identify the differences in sociodemographic variables and reasons for termination of pregnancy (TOP) between married women and single/divorced women. We hope that this study can guide future policies and interventions to reduce the incidence of unsupported pregnancies in this profile group of women. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the sociodemographic data of 802 women who underwent an abortion for social reasons at our institution in Singapore from January 2016 to September 2018. We compared the sociodemographic variables, reasons for and methods of TOP between married and single/divorced women. RESULTS: We analysed data from 524 married women (65.3%) and 278 single/divorced women (34.7%). Married women were more likely to be of older age (29.5 years vs. 24.5 years, P < 0.001), had more living children and higher educational qualifications. The top two cited reason for abortions among married women were having enough children (42.0%) and the inability to afford another child (18.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that women aged >19 years and having more living children were independently associated with recurrent TOPs. Having a tertiary education was noted to be associated with less recurrent TOPs. CONCLUSION The most common reasons married women cited for having TOP include having enough children and the lack of financial capacity to afford another child. Recommendations to support women ought to be personalised and comprehensive in addressing their needs rather than offering a standardised support method. Greater emphasis should be placed on post-TOP family planning counselling to reduce repeated TOP.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Abortion, Induced ; Hospitals, University ; Educational Status