No abstract available.

Menetrier's disease is a rare, characterized by the presence of large rugal folds involving part or all of the stomach. Patients with hypertrophic gastropathy often have distressing abdominal symptoms, weight loss, and edema due to gastric protem loss. A 64 year old male patient was admitted with the chief complaint of epigastric discomfort. Endoscopic, radiologic and histologic examination, revealed characteristic findings of Menetrier's disease. A case of Menetrier's disease is reported with a brief review of literature.
Edema ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is a morphological change of prostate protruded into bladder and might be related to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) depending on the extent of protrusion. There is a high possibility that lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) tends to get worse as IPP grows. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the effect of IPP on LUTS after revision of prostate volume in order to identify the direct effect of IPP on BOO and LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 296 male patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) between August 2006 and December 2008 were performed. The patients were evaluated with international prostate symptoms score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL), uroflowmetry (UFR), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), prostate volume and IPP as measured by transurectal ultrasound (TRUS). The changes of IPSS after 8 weeks of medication treatment and the occurrence rates of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and acute urinary retention (AUR) were compared. By checking IPSS and UFR, the improvement of voiding symptom was evaluated. RESULTS: The population of patients with moderate enlargement (30-50gm) of prostate extent was 147 (49.6%) out of 296, the whole examined population. There were correlation between IPP and IPSS (p=0.002) and the storage symptoms score was significantly increased (p=0.014). After 8 weeks of medication treatment, both moderate BPH patients with IPP showed similar improvement in storage symptom compared to non-IPP groups. But, the TURP was significantly performed more with IPP (p=0.040) than non-IPP groups and more AUR has occurred (p=0.013). After TURP, IPP group resulted in improvement of IPSS, storage symptoms score and voiding symptoms score statistically compared to non-IPP group. As the change of UFR and IPSS after TURP had shown, the improvements of voiding volume, maximal flow rate (Qmax), and average flow rate (Qavg) in IPP groups were smaller however, it is no correlation in statistical view. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate BPH group with IPP has a higher possibility of having AUR and surgical treatment while showing significant correlation with storage symptoms. A further prospective study is necessary for identification of improvement of IPSS and UFR after TURP and IPP should be checked carefully during TRUS.
Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Indoles ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Retention

Reelin, an extracellular glycoprotein has an important role in the proper migration and positioning of neurons during brain development. Lack of reelin causes not only disorganized lamination of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex but also malpositioning of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. However, the accurate role of reelin in the migration and positioning of mDA neurons is not fully elucidated. In this study, reelin-deficient reeler mice exhibited a significant loss of mDA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and a severe alteration of cell distribution in the retrorubal field (RRF). This abnormality was also found in Dab1-deficinet, yotari mice. Stereological analysis revealed that total number of mDA neurons was not changed compared to wild type, suggesting that the loss of mDA neurons in reeler may not be due to the neurogenesis of mDA neurons. We also found that formation of PSA-NCAM-positive tangential nerve fibers rather than radial glial fibers was greatly reduced in the early developmental stage (E14.5) of reeler. These findings provide direct evidence that the alteration in distribution pattern of mDA neurons in the reeler mesencephalon mainly results from the defect of the lateral migration using tangential fibers as a scaffold.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebellar Cortex ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Glycoproteins ; Mesencephalon ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Substantia Nigra

The urinary bladder is seldom injured by external forces, as it is located in the pelvic cavity, behind the symphysis pubis, and protected by the bony pelvis. Gynecological procedures are a major cause of bladder injury. Herein, a case of extraperitoneal bladder rupture, identified 6 days after vaginal delivery in a 27-year-old woman, with no history of cesarean section or pelvic surgery, and who was cured of the bladder rupture using conservative treatment with the indwelling of a urethral Foley catheter, is reported.
Adult ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Rupture* ; Urinary Bladder*

The simultaneous correction of the hypertelorism and exophthalmos combined with craniosynostosis is very rarely performed operative procedures in the world. The craniosynostosis is the congenital anomaly that designates premature fusion of one or more sutures in either cranial vault or cranial base. Hypertelorism is not a distinct clinical syndrome in itself, but is a physical finding secondary to facial and cranial maldevelopment and it is defined as a increase in the distance between the medial orbital walls. Exophthalmos can occur following the decrease in the size of the orbit in patients with developmental skeletal disorders such as craniofacial synostosis. The authors experienced 9-year-old male patient, who has complex cranio-facial abnormality. The craniosynostosis was oxycephaly type and primary fronto-orbital advancement surgery had been performed in other hospital. The abnormal cranial vault combined with hypertelorism and exophthalmos due to maldeveloped both orbital walls. Surgical correction was obtained by various cranio-fronto-orbital remodeling technique such as calvarial bone craniotomy, fronto-orbital advancement, paramedian resection, medial canthopexy, Tessier-Wolfe three wall orbital expansions. We achieved a quite satisfactory result both functionally and aesthetically in a complex cranio-facial deformity patient by combination and modification of previously developed various cranio-facial plasty technique and hereby report the case with brief discussion and review of literature.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniosynostoses ; Craniotomy ; Exophthalmos* ; Humans ; Hypertelorism* ; Male ; Orbit ; Skull Base ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Sutures ; Synostosis

Atlanto-axial instability in children with Down syndrome(trisomy 21) has become a wel! Known entity and it has been reported frequently since it was first reported over 25 years ago. However, symtomatic atlanto-axial dislocation associated with cord compression is relatively rare and it had seldom been reported. We recently experienced a 14-year-old mongoloid female with progressive quadriparesis, who have no prior cervical inflammation and we detected atlanto-axial dislocation with ossculum terminale and cord compression through radiological evaluations. We report a case of symptomatic atlanto-axial dislocation in Down syndrome with review.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dislocations* ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Quadriplegia

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemifacial spasm(HFS) is a chronic and often progressive disorder characterized by unilateral irregular clonic and tonic contractions of one or more muscles of facial expression. Many previous electrophysiologic studies showed characteristic features of HFS differentiating from other involuntary movements of the face. However, there has been no electrophysiologic study for estimating the clinical severity of HFS. This study was prospectively designed to evaluate the relationships between electrophysiologic findings and clinical severity of HFS. METHODS: The authors performed direct facial nerve stimulation, blink reflex, and lateral spread response in 62 patients with HFS, and compared the results of affected side with those of unaffected each other. Clinical severity was graded into seven groups (0-6) by questionnaire and confirmed by a neurologist. RESULTS: The results were as following. 1) The total number of subjects were 62, the number of patients in group 2 was 3 (4.8%), group 3 was 12 (19.3%), group 4 was 25 (40.3%), group 5 was 21 (33.9%), and group 6 was 1(1.6%). 2) The mean age was 54.5+/-9.1years old, the mean duration of the illness was 6.4+/-4.9years, male was 11(17.7%) and female was 51(82.3%), and involved sites were right in 26(41.9%) and left in 36(58.1%) patients. 3) Direct stimulation of facial nerve showed no differences between affected and unaffected sides in HFS. 4) The results of blink reflex showed more increased latencies and larger amplitudes of R1 & R2 responses in affected sides than in unaffected sides of HFS, but no differences among the groups. 5) The lateral spread responses were found in 45 of 62 (72.6%) patients by stimulation of zygomatic branch and recording in mentalis muscle, 26 of 62 (41.9%) patients by stimulation of mandibular branch and recording in orbicularis oculi muscle on affected side. 6) There was a linear correlation between the presence of lateral spread response with zygomatic or mandibular stimulation and the grade of clinical severity. CONCLUSION: We suspected that the lateral spread response was a significant electrophysiological test for estimating the clinical severity of HFS.
Blinking ; Dyskinesias ; Facial Expression ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Hemifacial Spasm* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Hysterectomy, regardless of the surgical technique, increases the risk of having to undergo stress urinary incontinence surgery later in life. Furthermore, transvaginal hysterectomy may cause some changes in the normal architecture and tension of the tissues surrounding the pelvic floor, and this may also cause some changes in the continence mechanisms of the bladder and urethra. We investigated if there are any adverse effects of concomitant vaginal hysterectomy on the outcomes of a tension-free vaginal tape procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The outcomes of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)/transvaginal total hysterectomy(VTH) group were compared with that of the TVT group in terms of cure and improvement of incontinence, satisfaction with the procedure and the complications. The preoperative evaluation included history taking, physical examination and stress tests and determining the stress-related leakage, the emptying ability, the anatomy, the protection and the inhibition(SEAPI) scores. The outcomes were evaluated at over one year after operation. RESULTS: The cure and improvement rates were 77.5% and 15% in the TVT group, and 88.9% and 7.4% in the TVT/VTH group, respectively, without any statistical difference between the two groups. The rates of patient- satisfaction with the procedure were similar in two groups. There were no serious or long term complications related to the procedure except for a case of local hematoma in the hysterectomy site, which was controlled conservatively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a TVT operation can be done simultaneously with vaginal hysterectomy with similar results as those of TVT operation only. In addition, it is thought that the simultaneous TVT operation in a patient who is undergoing hysterectomy and has urinary stress incontinence deserves to be recommended in a positive light
Exercise Test ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal ; Pelvic Floor ; Physical Examination ; Suburethral Slings ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bacteremia/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications ; Diabetic Foot/microbiology ; Gram-Positive Cocci/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics ; Republic of Korea