The present study was to assess the effect of ultrarapid freezing on the development of 1-cell mouse zygote using cryoprotectants, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) or PROH (1,2-propanediol). We investigated the effect of the type and concentration of cryoprotectant, and of the temperature and time of prefreezing equilibration on their capacity to develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro. The concenration, the equilibration temperature, and the exposure time seemed to serve as an important factor in ultrarapid freezing of 1-cell mouse zygotes. In addition to the exposure time and the concentration of cryoprotectant appeared to play a key role in the development of the embryo. In general, the development of the embryo was more effective at 3degrees C than 23degrees C and 4.5 M than 3 M for 3 to 5 minutes. At 23degrees C the development of the embryo was stimulated by DMSO while at 3degrees C it was stimulated by PROH. Thus it has been suggested that there exists a correlation between the concentration of cryoprotectants and exposure time in the development of the embryo. In conclusion, we found that for ultrarapid freezing of mouse 1-cell embryos in DMSO, or PROH-based solution, viability shown optimum depending on the cryoprotectant, the concentration of the cryoprotectant and on the temperature and the duration of equilibration.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Embryonic Structures ; Freezing* ; Mice* ; Zygote*

No abstract available.
Neural Plate* ; Neuroectodermal Tumors*

Although fungal infections involving the genitourinary system are increasing in case, those involving the prostate are uncommon and fungal prostatic abscesses are especially rare. There are a few sporadic reports in the literature of fungal prostatic abscess. We thought that a high index of suspicion for fungal prostatic infection must be maintained especially in high risk patients. We report a case of candidal prostatic abscess in a 37-year old man with diabetes. The diagnosis and management are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Abscess* ; Adult ; Candida albicans ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Prostate ; Urogenital System

Leiomyoma is a benign tumor, which usually occur at the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus but rarely occurs on the corpus cavernosum of the penis. We experienced a patient with leiomyomas on the bilateral corpus cavernosa of the penis accompanied with impotence in a 60-year-old man. The patient was treated with complete local excision and has remained well without recurrence for l year, So we report this case with review of literatures.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Penis* ; Recurrence ; Uterus

PURPOSE: Traditional anterior colporrhaphy repair can have a high recurrence rate. Therefore, the use of synthetic mesh to reinforce the anterior vaginal wall support has been proposed to prevent recurrence. The objective of our study was to compare the anatomic recurrence rates in patients that underwent the traditional anterior colporrhaphy with patients who add a monofilament polypropylene mesh repair(Gynemesh PSTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the charts of patients who underwent transvaginal cystocele repair between January 2003 and June 2006. All patients had a physical examination and staging of the prolapse; the International Continence Society(ICS) system was used for the staging. Mid urethral sling operations were performed when stress incontinences was an associated feature. An anatomic recurrence was defined as an ICS stage 2 or greater anterior prolapse on the last recorded physical examination. The subjective patient satisfaction was also recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients were available for study with a mean follow- up of 18.4 months. Thirty-eight patients underwent traditional anterior colporrhaphy, while 33 patients underwent cystocele repair using the monofilament polypropylene mesh(Gynemesh PSTM). Among the 71 patients, 9(12.7%) had recurrence of the cystocele. Based on the type of repair, 21.1%(8/38) of the patients with traditional repair had a recurrence compared to 3.0%(1/33) of the patients with the polypropylene mesh repair(p=0.03). With regard to satisfaction, 76.3%(29/38) of the patients with anterior colporrhaphy and 97.0%(32/33) with the mesh repair were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery(p=0.02). One patient had erosion of the mesh, at the midline, in front of the vaginal scar, at 12 months after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the monofilament polypropylene mesh(Gynemesh PSTM) repairs improved the outcomes of anterior colporrhaphy with regard to the prevention of recurrent cystoceles.
Cicatrix ; Cystocele ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Physical Examination ; Polypropylenes ; Prolapse ; Recurrence ; Suburethral Slings

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Equinus Deformity* ; Heel* ; Muscle Spasticity*

We report a two-generation Korean family in which 2 siblings have congenital cataract and phenotype i. This report is a first case in Korean people and shows the evidence suggesting the linkage of Ii blood group with a recessive form of congenital cataracts.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Phenotype* ; Siblings*

Growth factor stimulation induces Y783 phosphorylation of phosphoinositide-specific PLC-gamma1, and the subsequent activation of this enzyme in a cellular signaling cascade. Previously, we showed that a double point mutation, Y509A/F510A, of PLC-gamma1, abolished interactions with translational elongation factor 1-alpha. Here, we report that the Y509A/F510A mutant PLC-gamma1 displayed extremely high levels of Y783 phosphorylation and enhanced catalytic activity, compared to wild-type PLC-gamma1, upon treatment of COS7 cells with EGF. In quiescent COS7 cells, the Y509A/F510A mutant PLC-gamma1 exhibited a constitutive hydrolytic activity, whereas the wild-type counterpart displayed a basal level of activity. Upon treatment of COS7 cells with EGF, the Y783F mutation in Y509A/F510A PLC-gamma1 (Y509A/F510A/Y783F triple mutant) cells also led to an enhanced catalytic activity, whereas Y783F mutation alone displayed a basal level of activity. Our results collectively suggest that the Y509A/F510A mutant is more susceptible to receptor tyrosine kinase-induced Y783 phosphorylation than is wild-type PLC-gamma1, but no longer requires Y783 phosphorylation step for the Y509A/F510A mutant PLC-gamma1 activation in vivo.
Amino Acid Substitution/drug effects/*genetics ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Hydrolysis/drug effects ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Phospholipase C gamma/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Phosphotyrosine/*metabolism ; Point Mutation/*genetics ; Rats

Choroid plexus papilloma is a very rare disease in children. The manifestations of the disease differ according to the tumor size and the location. Increased CSF production by the tumor, hydrocephalus and symptoms of increased ICP are the main symptoms. The first line of treatment is surgical excision, but sometimes excision itself is very difficult due to the site and the size of the mass. Adjunctive radiation therapy or chemotherapy is not recommended. Since gross total resection without adjunctive therapy offers highest likelihood of success. Significant prognostic factors are sex, age, time of diagnosis, the duration between the appearance of symptoms and diagnosis, tumor volume, tumor site and the extent of surgery. We report a case of choroid plexus papilloma, in a child with anorexia and failure to thrive.
Anorexia* ; Child* ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Failure to Thrive* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus* ; Rare Diseases ; Tumor Burden

Protective efficacy of vaccination with Neospora caninum multiple recombinant antigens against N. caninum infection was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Two major immunodominant surface antigens (NcSAG1 and NcSRS2) and two dense granule proteins (NcDG1 and NcDG2) of N. caninum tachyzoites were expressed in E. coli, respectively. An in vitro neutralization assay using polyclonal antisera raised against each recombinant antigen showed inhibitory effects on the invasion of N. caninum tachyzoites into host cells. Separate groups of gerbils were immunized with the purified recombinant proteins singly or in combinations and animals were then challenged with N. caninum. Following these experimental challenges, the protective efficacy of each vaccination was determined by assessing animal survival rate. All experimental groups showed protective effects of different degrees against experimental infection. The highest protection efficacy was observed for combined vaccination with NcSRS2 and NcDG1. Our results indicate that combined vaccination with the N. caninum recombinant antigens, NcSRS2 and NcDG1, induces the highest protective effect against N. caninum infection in vitro and in vivo.
Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Coccidiosis/prevention & control ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Gene Expression ; Gerbillinae ; Neospora/*immunology ; Protozoan Vaccines/*immunology ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Vero Cells