Objective To compare the effects of two different parenteral nutrition solutions on nutritional status of premature infants,such as the early physical,serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and albumin.Methods We collected 61 cases of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit of the Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Hospital,which were divided into 2 groups of traditional parenteral nutrition (TTPN) and early parenteral nutrition (ETPN).Group TTPN geted 6％ paediatric compound amino acid 0.5 g/(kg·d) at24 hours after birth,daily increasing 0.25 ～0.5 g/(kg·d),up to 3.0 g/(kg·d).The 20％ long-chain fat emulsion 0.5 g/(kg ·d) was applied at 3 days after birth,daily increasing 0.25 ～ 0.5 g/(kg·d),up to 3.0 g/(kg·d).Group ETPN get 6％ paediatric compound amino acid 1 g/(kg·d) at 12 ～24 hours after birth,daily increasing 0.5 g/(kg·d),up to 3.0 ～ 0.5 g/(kg· d).The 20％ long-chain fat emulsion 0.5 ～ 1.0 g/(kg·d) was applied after 24 hours after birth,daily increasing 0.5 g/(kg· d),up to 3.0 g/(kg· d).We calculate calorie and amino acid intake of the two groups,and compared the weight,length,head circumference growth,serum prealbumin,retinol-binding protein and albumin levels of the two groups.Results The amino acid and total caloric intake of Group ETPN were significantly higher than those of Group TTPN (P ＜ 0.05).No statistical differences in the albumin,prealbumin,and retinol binding protein level of the two groups at birth (P ＞ 0.05).However,the prealbumin and retinol-binding protein level of group ETPN significantly higher than those of Group TTPN (P ＜ 0.05) at 7 days after birth.Conclusion Early parenteral nutrition in early life can effectively improve physical growth and nutrient metabolism status of premature infants.Prealbumin and retinol-binding protein are sensitive to evaluate the protein nutritional status in premature infants.

Objective: The incidence and distribution of positional deformities(PD)were studied by measuring cranial types of infants aged 0-6 months of 3 hospitals in Chongqing, and the recommended values of local PD were discussed. Methods: Data of 3 406 infants with 0-6 months head size measurements were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Yongchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital and Wanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from September 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018, cranial vault asymmetry(CVA)and cranial index(CI)were calculated.According to different age groups, observe the distribution of cranial types, and use the current international common diagnostic criteria to understand the incidence of cranial abnormalities, and analyze the distribution of percentile values of CVA and CI in infants in Chongqing. Results: According to the current international standard diagnosis of PD, the incidence of simple brachycephaly was the highest(39.9%)in the overall cranial abnormalities of infants, followed by brachycephaly with plagiocephaly was the second(36.1%), simple plagiocephaly was the lowest(6.9%), and normal cranial type only accounted for 17.1%.The detection rates of plagiocephaly(36.9%)and brachycephaly(67.0%)were the lowest in the 0-2 months group, and the highest in the 3-4 months group(47.3%/83.3%), and then decreased in the 5-6 months group(46.6%/80.2%). Conclusion The basic values of cranial type measurement of full-term infants in chongqing were significantly different from international reports, mainly due to the large CI value.The general international diagnosis standard for positional deformities do not conform to Chinese infants.We suggest that the reference value for positional deformities in this region is as follows: CVA≥0.4 cm is abnormal, of which 0.4 cm≤CVA<0.6 cm for mild plagiocephaly, 0.6 cm≤CVA<1.0 cm for moderate plagiocephaly, CVA≥1.0 cm for severe plagiocephaly; 82%≤CI≤91% is abnormal, of which 91%≤CI<94% for mild brachycephaly; 94% ≤CI<99% for moderate brachycephaly; CI≥ 99% for severe brachycephaly.CI≤82% is scaphocephaly.