Objective To retrospectively investigate the causes , location and the duration of hospital stays of the hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds so as to provide data guidance for the prevention and research of these diseases. Methods Clinical data of hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds in plastic surgery center of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command were collected from June , 2011 to December, 2013. Whether ulceration was recovered in the patients with skin tissue defect after 2 months treatment was regarded as the standard to screen the patients with hard-to-heal wounds. The causes , location, age and the duration of hospital stays of the hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds were investigated by retrospective case-control method. Chi-square test and t-test were used in analyzing the investigation. Results 2 136 cases, aged from 20 to 86, were treated in plastic surgery center of the hospital. 120 cases have hard-to-heal wounds, which constituted 5.62% of all hospitalized patients. (1) Metabolic disease was the main causes of wound (43.3%), followed by wound infection and tumor (20.0% for each) (χ2 = 62.917, P < 0.01). ( 2 ) The peak age for patients with hard-to-heal wounds was 40 to 60 years old patients , followed by patients′age from 60 to 80 years. (3) The mostly like hard-to-heal wounds was on limbs (61.6%), especially on the foot (38.3%) (χ2 = 17.546, P = 0.002). (4) The average days for hospitalization of in the plastic surgery center were (7.41 ± 8.98), while the average days for hospitalization of the patients with years were (33.21 ± 28.27)(t = -9.968, P < 0.05). Conclusion The average diagnostic age of patients with hard-to-heal wounds is the middle and old aged patients. Chronic skin ulcers, which often occurs in a limb, seriously affects a person′s ability to move , which can prolong hospital stays , causing serious burden for the families of patients and the society.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of hair dermal papilla and its regulatory role in the growth cycle of the hair follicles.

METHODSSingle hair follicles were isolated from surgical specimens of human scalp and cultured in Williams E medium. The growth of the hair follicle was measured and the morphology and structure of the dermal papilla in the different growth cycles were observed continuously.

RESULTSThe hair follicle could grow in the medium for 12 days at the average growth rate of 0.2-0.3 mm/day. The flat and round dermal papilla lay at the bottom of the hair bulb in the telogen and anagen stages. In the hair follicle with accelerated growth, the dermal papilla became elongated, loosened, and closely adhered to the hair matrix. In the catagen stage the dermal papilla shrunk, and became separated from the hair matrix. A new hair bulb was regenerated when the hair follicle was transected at a low level. The hair follicle stopped growing after transection at a higher position.

CONCLUSIONThe hair dermal papilla is the essential for hair follicle growth, and plays an important role in regulating the hair growth cycle.

Dermis ; cytology ; growth & development ; Hair ; growth & development ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; growth & development ; Humans ; Tissue Culture Techniques

Dengue ; epidemiology ; Dengue Virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics

Objective To investigate the influence of avian influenza virus (AIV) NS1 protein on the expression of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). Methods NS1 gene from virus A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1),NS1 gene inserted with 80-84 amino acids from virus A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1)and NS1 gene from virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1, and transected into BEAS-2Bcells, IP-10 expression level in transected cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the control group pEGFP-N1, Expression of these three different NS1 genes can down-regulate the expression of IP-10in BEAS-2B cells, but there is no significant difference as to the lower level among them. Conclusion NS1protein of A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) can down-regulate the expression level of IP-10, but this may not clarify its relationship with the virulence of AIV.

The aim of this study is to develop the recombinant adenovirus vaccine (rAdV) candidates containing neuraminidase (NA) gene of H5N1 influenza virus and test in BALB/c mice the effect of cell-mediated immunity. In this study, two kind of NA gene (WtNA gene, the wild type; Mod. NA gene, the codon-modified type) derived from H5N1 influenza virus (A/Anhui/1/2005) were cloned and inserted respectively into plasmid of adenovirus vector, then the rAdV vaccines candidates (rAdV-WtNA and rAdV-Mod. NA) were developed and purified, followed by immunization intramuscularly (10(9) TCID50 per dose, double injection at 0 and 4th week) in BALB/c mice, the effect of cell-mediated immunity were analysed at 5th week. Results indicated that: (i) NA protein expression was detected in two rAdV vaccines candidates by Western blotting; (ii) the rAdV-Mod. NA vaccine could elicit more robust NA specific cell-mediated immunity in mice than that of rAdV-WtNA vaccine (P = 0. 016) by IFN-gamma ELIspot assay. These findings suggested rAdV-Mod. NA vaccine was a potential vaccine candidate against H5N1 influenza and worthy of further investigation.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuraminidase ; genetics ; immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; immunology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Random Allocation ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate immunity of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine(rAdV)containing codon-modified neuraminidase(Mod.NA)gene of H5N1 influenza virus in BALB/c mice and to screen for appropriate dose.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with the rAdV-Mod.NA vaccine intramuscularly twice (double injection at 0 and 4~(th) week)in three groups,low dosage(10~5 TCI_(50) per dose),medium dosage(10~7 TCID_(50) per dose)and high dosage(10~9 TCID_(50) per dose).The effect of humoral and cell-mediated immunity were analysod at 5~th week.Results ①The rAdV-Mod.NA vaccine eould elicit both humoral and cell-mediated robust NA specific immunity in mice by neuraminidase inhibitor assay and IFN-γ ELISpot assay;②10~7 TCID_(50) per dose Was the appropriate dose;③ Peptide NA_(109-124):CRTFFLTQGALLNDKH and peptide NA_(182-199):AVAVLKYNGIITDTIKSW were the dominant epitopes for neuraminidase-immunized BALB/c mice,which was screened out from the whole length of neuraminidase of an H5N1 virus,A/Anhui/1/2005.Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus NA could induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c after immunization,which suggest rAdV-Mod.NA vaccine was a potential vaccine candidate against H5N1 influenza and worthy of further investigation.

Objective We conducted an epidemiologic investigation to determine the source of infection on an avian influenza (H5N1) case who returned from Guangzhou,in Hong Kong.Methods Data related to epidemiologic investigation,medical observation on close contacts,Syndromic Surveillance on poultry salesmen,emergency monitoring,detection of the samples,source tracing on potential Avian influenza virus (H5,H7,H9) infected people,situation on environment pollution by avian influenza virus in the markets etc.were gathered.The determination of infection source was through comparing the different genes between the case and positive environmental samples.Results The infected case witnessed the procedure of how a live duck was killed,in market A in Guangzhou during May 17th to 19th.The case was diagnosed as respiratory tract infection in 2 Third-grade-Class A hospitals in Guangzhou on May 23th and 24th.The diagnosis was made as Avian influenza cases on May 26th after going back to Hong Kong.23 close contacts and 34 markets poultry salesmen did not show any ILI related symptoms.However,2 poultry salesmen from the markets nearby the place where the Avian influenza case stayed,were detected having positive H9 avian influenza antibody,with the H9 positive rate as 6.06％ (2/33).Among the environmental samples in the 2 markets nearby home of the patient,chopping block was found to have carried H5,with positive rate as 9.8％(5/51) while poultry cage was found to carry H9,with the positive rate as 2.0％(1/51).A H5 positive sample was found with clade 2.3.2.1,same to the case,from a chopping block at the market B where the sources of poultry was the same as market A.Conclusion The source of infection seemed to come from the markets in Guangzhou,that calling for the strengthening of poultry market management,for avian influenza prevention.History related to contact of poultry should be gathered when a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection was made.Timely sampling and testing should be made to improve the sensitivity of diagnosis.

Objective To study the first locally identifcd A/HINI secondary cases outbreak in China. Methods Interview and field investigation were integrated to describe the whole process of transmission on each case and to illustrate the relationships between the onset of the disease and the retated factors. Results Two contact persons appearanced fever and whose throat swabs were tested positive to H1N1 viral nucleic acid. The two had a history of contact in a short distance with the initial imported case without any protective measure in the poor air ventilation. The patients clinical situation was slight. The incubation was between 37 hours and 57 hours. No other new case was found after intervention as isolation and antisepsis were taken. Conclusion This event was proved to be an outbreak of local A/H1N1 secondary cases caused by the imported case. The main mode of transmission was personal contact in a short distance without protection, through air and droplet. The locus with poor air ventilation was high risk place. Contact persons should be observed seven days and tested continuously.Infectivity and pathogenicity of the A/H1N1 virus were limited and appeared weakened by generations. Patient's condition was related with persistence and frequency of contact with the infection sources. Enhancing management of contact persons, health education, early diagnose, early treatment and early insulation were effective measures of controling and prenventing the spread A/H1N1.

In order to improve the expression of human avian influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and meet the pandemic influenza vaccine needs, we optimized and synthesized the whole length of HA gene of H5N1 (A/Anhui/1/2005) influenza virus in accordance with the human's codon preference, and inserted it to the eukaryotic expression vector pDC315 to construct a eukaryotic expression vector pDC315-Mod. HA. This plasmid and the eukaryotic expression vector pDC315-Wt. HA containing wild HA gene were transfected into 293T cells respectively to compare the expression of HA protein. The results showed that according to the comparison and identification by indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot test, the expression of HA protein in 293T cells was significantly improved after codon optimization. This laid a foundation for pandemic influenza vaccine research.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Codon ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Plasmids

Objective: To investigate the regulatory relationship of Protein Phosphatase 2 Regulatory Subunit B"Alpha ( PPP2R3A) and hexokinase 1 ( HK1) in glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, PPP2R3A expression was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression by plasmid transfection. The PPP2R3A-related genes were searched by RNA sequencing. Glycolysis levels were measured by glucose uptake and lactate production. QRT-PCR, ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence assay were performed to detect the changes of PPP2R3A and HK1. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assay were used to study the roles of HK1 regulation by PPP2R3A. Results: RNA sequencing data revealed that PPP2R3A siRNA significantly downregulated the expression of HK1. PPP2R3A gene overexpression promotes, while gene silencing suppresses, the level of HK1 and glycolysis in HCC cells. In HCC tissue samples, PPP2R3A and HK1 were colocalized in the cytoplasm, and their expression showed a positive correlation. HK1 inhibition abrogated the promotion of glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion by PPP2R3A overexpression in liver cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings showed the correlation of PPP2R3A and HK1 in the glycolysis of HCC, which reveals a new mechanism for the oncogenic roles of PPP2R3A in cancer.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glycolysis ; Hexokinase/metabolism* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism* ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism*