Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; complications ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Electrophysiology ; Humans

Background and purpose:Recently, a large number of researches have shown that cruciferous plants have the chemopreventive effect on tumor. Mechanisms of antitumorigenesis were investigated on antioxidation, antimutation, immunity and inducing apoptosis, and so on. Mustard seeds (MS) are the seeds belong to the cruciferous plants. This study aimed to investigate antioxidation and immune deviation of MS on colorectal tumor in rats induced by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Methods:A total of 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:DMH alone, DMH+5%MS, DMH+7.5%MS, and the untreated control group(Saline). Colorectal tumorigenesis was induced by intraperitoneal injecting 30 mg/kg DMH once a week for 20 weeks. At the end of 32 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, then colorectal tumor incidence was observed and histological type was determined by HE staining. A colorimetric assay was used to detect levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the serum of all rats. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were detected with Luminex200. Results: No tumorous lesion was found in the untreated control group. However, the total tumor incidence in DMH+5%MS group and DMH+7.5%MS group was signiifcantly decreased 33.3%and 58.3%respectively, compared with the DMH group’s (100%, P<0.05). As DMH induced colorectal tumorigenesis, MDA and Th2 cytokines in the serum were signiifcantly higher in the DMH group than those in the untreated control group (P<0.05), but the activities of antioxidant enzymes were signiifcantly lower (P<0.05). While the MS treatment, compared with the DMH group, signiifcantly suppressed the MDA level but enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of Th1 cytokines (P<0.05). Conclusion: MS significantly decrease prevalence rates of DMH-induced colorectal tumor in rats. The mechanism may be related with the antioxidation and immune balance deviation.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Humans

Electrocardiography ; methods ; Heart Conduction System ; physiopathology ; Heart Diseases ; diagnosis ; Humans

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Croton crassifolius. Methods: A number of methods, such as extraction, chromatography on silica gel, and recrystallization, were utilized to isolate and purify the ethanol extract from C. crassifolius, and the structures of the compounds isolated were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as cyperenoic acid (1), β-sitosterol (2), lupeol (3), chettaphanin II (4), 9-[2-(2(5H)-furanone-4-yl) ethyl]-4, 8, 9-trimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-octahydro-naphthalene-4-carboxylic acid (5), acetyl aleuritolic acid (6), epitaraxerol (7), 9-[2-(2(5H)-furanone-4-yl) ethyl]-4, 8, 9-trimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-octahydronaphthalene-4-carboxylic ester (8), teucvidin (9), and stigmasterol (10). Conclusion: Compounds 5 and 8 are newly-discovered compounds, named as crassifolius acid and crassifolius ester, and compounds 4, 6, and 7 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objectives:To investigate the pathogenesis of Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pneumoniae) pneumoniae with immunohistochemical staining of tissue biopsies. Methods:The Icr mice were inoculated with C.pneumoniae, strain CWL 029, by the intranasal or intravenous routes. After a single inoculation, mice were killed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 60th day separately. Lung specimens were obtained from the acute stage of C.pneumoniae pneumonitis and stained using a C.pneumoniae specific monoclonal antibody. Results:In the intranasal inoculation of mice, the immunoperoxidase staining of C.pneumoniae in lung tissue was positive on day 3,7,14. The positive staining of inflammatory lung tissue was not even but local. The positive expressions of C.pneumoniaewas were mainly in the alveolar macrophages, the interstitial cells and the lymphoid tissues surrounding the bronchi. After iv inoculation, a similarly changes were found but the degree was lighter than that of intranasal inoculation group. The positive expressions of C.pneumoniaewas were mainly in the alveolar macrophages and the interstitial cells. Conclusions:Immunohistochemistry is beneficial to the diagnosis of the acute stage of C.pneumoniae pneumonitis in the mice, and the pathogenesis of infection in intranasal inoculation group was more serious than that of iv inoculation group.

Objective To study the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on proliferation of human squamous esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 and hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and the underlying mechanism. MethodsMTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of tumor cells. The AO/EB double stained cells were observed under fluorescence microscope. The effects of ATP on the cell cycle, apoptotic rate and apoptosis-related protein were detected by flow cytometry. Results ATP showed inhibitory effects on Eca-109 and SMMC-7721 cells at the concentration of 0.01～0.3 mmol/L. Exposure to 0.3 mmol/L ATP for 72 h, some of SMMC-7721 cells displayed morphological changes of apoptosis, but Eca-109 cells did not show the characteristics of apoptosis markedly. There was no significant change in the apoptotic rate and apoptosis-related protein of the two tumor cell lines treated with ATP 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/L for 72 h respectively. The proportion of Eca-109 cells in G0/G1-phase of cellcycle was significantly increased, meanwhile the proportion of Eca-109 cells in S-phase and proliferation index value was significantly decreased by treatment with 0.3 mmol/L ATP. Conclusion ATP inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation by changing the distribution of cell cycle phase, and its mechanism might not related to apoptosis, but for SMMC-7721 cell, the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by ATP was not related to the change in cell cycle.

Objective It remains a controversy whether 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is associated with colon cancer stem cells.This study was to investigate the effect of the 5-LOX inhibitor MK886 in maintaining the stemness of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29.Methods Using CCK-8 assay, we examined the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of MK886 (12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 μmol/L) on the colon cancer HT-29 cells cultured in vitro and calculated its half-inhibitory concentration (IC50).Then, we detected the effects of MK886 IC50 on the clone-and sphere-forming abilities of the cells, determined the mRNA expressions of the stemness markers CD133, Lgr5, Oct4 and Ascl2 by real-time PCR after 24 and 48 hours of MK886 IC50 intervention, and measured their protein expressions by Western blotting after 24, 48 and 72 hours of MK886 IC50 intervention.Results The inhibition rates of MK886 on the HT-29 cells at 24 and 48 hours were significantly increased in a time-and dose-dependent manner ([14.99±3.06] and [19.98±0.57]％ at 12.5 μmol/L, [20.46±1.14] and [34.97±6.02]％ at 25 μmol/L, [50.76±5.94] and [66.90±5.74]％ at 50 μmol/L, [66.84±1.77] and [73.11±2.48]％ at 75 μmol/L, [72.67±2.36] and [77.78±3.30]％ at 100 μmol/L, [83.67±0.24] and [84.69±2.24] ％ at 200 μmol/L) as compared with the blank control (0％ and 0％) (P<0.05).The clone-forming rate and number of spheres formed were remarkably lower in the MK886 intervention than in the control group ([10.60±1.71] vs [44.67±3.21]％, P<0.05;6.00±1.60 vs 19.07±2.89, P<0.05).After 24 and 48 hours of MK886 intervention, the mRNA expression of CD133 in the HT-29 cells was markedly up-regulated in comparison with that at 0 hour (0.72±0.10 and 0.39±0.07 vs 1.66±0.33, P<0.05), and so were those of Lgr5, Oct4 and Ascl2 (P<0.05).Conclusion The 5-LOX inhibitor MK886 can inhibit the proliferation and clone-and sphere-forming abilities of human colon cancer HT-29 cells by down-regulating the expressions of the stemness markers and thus suppressing the stemness of the colon cancer stem cells.

Objective To study the effect of isokinetic strength training on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods From January to December, 2016, 56 stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly di-vided into control group and observation group equally. Both groups received routine rehabilitation training, and the observation group ac-cepted hemiplegic limb flexor and extensor muscle isokinetic strength training in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper limb (FMA-UL), modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and biomechanical index-es of elbow flexion and extension with Biodex System-4 before and after treatment. Results The scores of FMA and MBI improved after treatment (t>7.083, P<0.001) in both groups, and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.369, P<0.05). The peak torque, total work and average power at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocity of both flexor and extensor improved in both groups (t>2.149, P<0.05), and those of the extensor improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.027, P<0.05), except the peak torque at 60°/s angular velocity. Conclusion Isokinetic strength training can improve the motor function of upper limbs and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

AIM: The study is designed to probe for the relationship between waist to hip ratio(WHR)and static lung volumes of adults. METHODS: In July-October 2008, 1 307 healthy adults(372 males and 935 females)were selected in Heilongjiang province by means of questionnaire and physical examination. The height, weight, WHR, fat mass, percentage body fat and lung function were measured, and then grouped according to the standard of classification of WHR(central obesity male WHR ≥ 0.86, female ≥ 0.82)for analysis of the relationship between WHR and static lung volume. RESULTS: WHR was found, regardless of sex, to tend to go up with the increase in age and BMI(P<0.01), and both the fat mass and percentage body fat of the central obesity group were higher than those in the group with normal WHR(P<0.01). An independent negative correlation was found(P<0.05), also regardless of sex, between the WHR with expiratory reserve volume(ERV)in all these adults. ERV in central obesity group was lower than that in the group with normal WHR(P<0.05). Compared to the normal group, ERV in the central obesity group decreased by 11% for males and 8% for females(P<0.05). However, with regard to the relationship between WHR and VT, IC, MV, and VC, gender differences were found. For the males, a significant independent positive correlation was observed between WHR and IC(P<0.05), with IC of the central obesity group 6% higher than that in the group with normal WHR(P<0.05). For the females, significant independent positive correlation was found between WHR and MV(P<0.05), with the VT and MV of the central obesity group 7% and 6% higher(P<0.05), respectively, than that in the group with normal WHR. CONCLUSION: WHR is in an independent negative correlation with ERV. The elevation of WHR may play a role in the impairment of respiratory function. Its occurrence is accompanied by a rise of IC for the male and a rise of MV for the female. These changes in the two genders could be associated with the decrease in arterial oxygen tension caused by the decrease of ERV.