Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema, or both for >6 weeks in the absence of specific causes. It is a common condition associated with substantial disease burden both for affected individuals and societies in many countries, including Korea. CSU frequently persists for several years and requires high-intensity treatment; therefore, patients experience deteriorations in quality of life and medication-associated complications. During the last decade, there have been major advances in the pharmacological treatment of CSU and there is an outstanding need for evidence-based guidelines that reflect clinical practice in Korea. The guidelines reported here represent a joint initiative of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the Korean Dermatological Association, and aim to provide evidence-based guidance for the management of CSU in Korean adults and children. In Part 1, disease definition, guideline scope and development methodology as well as evidence-based recommendations on the use of antihistamines and corticosteroids are summarized.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema, or both for >6 weeks in the absence of specific causes. It is a common condition associated with substantial disease burden both for affected individuals and societies in many countries, including Korea. CSU frequently persists for several years and requires high-intensity treatment; therefore, patients experience deteriorations in quality of life and medication-associated complications. During the last decade, there have been major advances in the pharmacological treatment of CSU and there is an outstanding need for evidence-based guidelines that reflect clinical practice in Korea. The guidelines reported here represent a joint initiative of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the Korean Dermatological Association, and aim to provide evidence-based guidance for the management of CSU in Korean adults and children. In Part 1, disease definition, guideline scope and development methodology as well as evidence-based recommendations on the use of antihistamines and corticosteroids are summarized.

No abstract available.
Cellulitis* ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Leg*

Dark circles refer to visible darkness of the infra-orbital areas. Dark circles are a cosmetic concern for many individuals, although not a medical concern. Moreover, clear definitions and possible causes of dark circles have not been elucidated. This study reviews the possible causes and treatment options for dark circles based on a review of the medical literature and the authors' clinical experience. Potential factors that contribute to dark circles include excessive pigmentation, shadowing due to tear troughs and infra-orbital fat herniation, shadowing due to infraorbital laxity and wrinkles, and thin, translucent skin overlying the orbicularis oculi muscle. Given the different possible causes for dark circles, therapeutic modalities must be individualized for each patient. Because various factors cause dark circles, it is useful to identify the underlying causes in order to select the appropriate treatment.
Darkness ; Humans ; Pigmentation ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Skin ; Tears

BACKGROUND: There are few pharmacologic options to reduce erythema and flushing in patients with recalcitrant erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). We previously reported two cases of refractory flushing and erythema of rosacea that were successfully treated with intradermal botulinum toxin injection, and additional research is needed to prove the efficacy and safety of this treatment. OBJECTIVE: To report the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection as an aid in persistent erythema of rosacea patients. METHODS: A total of 20 Korean patients with recalcitrant ETR were enrolled to receive treatment by injection of botulinum toxin. Patients received one treatment of intradermal botulinum toxin injection and were assessed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. The severity of erythema and telangiectasia was investigated by a non-treating physician, and the Erythema Index (EI) was assessed by mexameter at each visit. Patient satisfaction and any adverse events were also assessed at each visit. RESULTS: 17 patients completed all follow-up visits and were included in the analysis. Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin significantly reduced erythema severity and EI in ETR patients. Patients reported a satisfaction score of 2.94±0.56 at 8 weeks after treatment. Except for three patients who discontinued the study early due to inconvenience of facial muscle paralysis, 17 patients participating in the final analysis did not report side effects except injection pain at the time of the procedure. CONCLUSION: Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin can be used as an effective and relatively safe adjuvant agent for recalcitrant and persistent erythema of ETR patients.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Erythema ; Facial Muscles ; Flushing ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Paralysis ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pilot Projects* ; Rosacea* ; Telangiectasis

No abstract available.
Dextrans ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body

No abstract available.
Coloring Agents* ; Granuloma*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Microsporum* ; Siblings* ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea*

Dermatologists often treat patients with complications arising from illegal cosmetic practices. Large numbers of non-medical personnel who claim to be “beauty experts” currently offer laser treatment, surgery, or injections that result in serious complications. Here we report two cases of adverse events: one after epilation with an unidentified laser device and the other after rhytidectomy performed using an unproven surgical method. Dermatologists should be aware of these complications and be able to educate both patients and fellow doctors about the potential risks.
Hair Removal ; Humans ; Methods ; Rhytidoplasty

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare benign cutaneous adnexal lesion characterized by a hyperplastic epithelium and eccrine ductal differentiation. In the present case, a 73-year-old Korean male presented with symmetrical numerous widespread, pinkish nodules with a cobblestone appearance over both legs for 2 years. He had a history of generalized erythematous scaly patches over his entire body for 20 years. On histopathologic findings, diagnosis of ESFA was confirmed. Our unusual and interesting case emphasizes the first report described one case in which multiple cobblestone like ESFAs arising from long-standing exfoliative dermatitis.
Aged ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative* ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Leg ; Male