Objective To explore molecular fluorescence imaging features of the growth and metastasis of DsRed-marked mouse bladder carcinoma. Methods The study used lipofectamine 2000 transfection method,transferred on the BTT739 cells with plasmid chickenβ-actin-DsRed-Neo vector.The stably expressing BTT739-DsRed monoelonal cells were got with G418 selection.It randomly divided the 615 mouse of 24 into three groups,injected cell suspension on the hindlimb,the first and second group with BTT739-DsRed cell and the third group with BTT739 cell to found xenograft roodel.MAESTRO imager recorded fluorescence images of the growth and metastasis of the tumors in vivo and the fluorescence intensity was measured.The excitation wavelength was 560-580 nm,emission wavelength was 590-610 nm and exposure time was 5000 ms.After continuous observation of 4 weeks,every week killed the mouse of the second group and cut into image,made records of the red fluorescent mouse bladder cancer xenograft model,measured the tumor size and fluorescence sighal values; analyzed the relations between the tumor size and fluorescence signal values as well as between the whole image and cut image. Results DsRed tumor could be observed at the first week. Central local fluorescence loss could be detected at the second week, pathologically confirmed necrotic tumor tissue and a little connective tissue. At the fourth week, a local lymph node metastasis could be observed with no distant metastasis. The measured values of fluorescent signal were as follows: (89±18), (122±55), (133±69), (715±343)counts; the tumor size were as follows: (13±4), (45±22), (83±29), (253±67)mm2. The whole body image of tumor size were as follows: (12± 3),(50±23), (90±29), (290±74)mm2. The cut image of tumor size were as follows: (12±5), (72±30), (141±43), (524±237)mm2. The tumor size and fluorescent signal values reflect positive linear correlation with 0. 74 coefficient (t= 3. 97, P<0.05), whole body imaging and cut image reflect positive linear correlation with 0. 97 coefficient (t=10, P<0.05). The whole body image of tumor size was (70. 85±17.13) % of cut image. Conclusions Red fluorescent mouse bladder cancer xenograft model could observe the growth and metastasis of the tumor intuitively, continuously, and sensitively.As the tumor increased, the fluorescence range also increased, the fluorescence disappeared after tumor necrosis, the expression of the red fluorescent transferred after the metastasis of the tumor.

Objective: To use in vivo fluorescence image analysis system for evaluating the efficacies of pVAX1-Ag85A and pVAX1-Ag85B DNA vaccines in treatment of bladder cancer cell-implanted tumors in mice. Methods: Discosomasp red fluorescent protein (DsRed) stably transfected bladder cancer BTT cell line (BTT-DsRed) was established and BTT-DsRed cell-implanted mouse model was constructed. Six days later, 24 BTT-DsRed-bearing mice were randomly divided into pVAX1-Ag85A DNA vaccine group, pVAX1-Ag85B DNA vaccine group, and saline group through injecting the pVAX1-Ag85A, pVAX1-Ag85B, and saline into the right hind limbs of mice, respectively. The growth and metastasis of implanted BTT-DsRed tumors were examined by in vivo fluorescence image analysis system. Results: BTT cell line stably transfected with DsRed (BTT-DsRed) was successfully established. Fluorescence visible mouse model was successfully es-tablished by inoculating BTT-DsRed cells into hind limbs of mice. After treatment with pVAX1-Ag85A or pVAX1-Ag85B for 2 weeks, the in vivo tumor fluorescence intensity in pVAX1-Ag85B group was significantly lower than that in the saline group (P <0.05). After 3 weeks, tumor fluorescence intensities in both pVAX1-Ag85A and pVAX1-Ag85B groups were significantly lower than that in the saline group (P < 0.01). But the efficacies of pVAX1-Ag85A and pVAX1-Ag85B groups were similar (P > 0.05). The distant lymphatic metastasis rate in pVAX1-Ag85B group was significantly lower than those in the saline (25.0% vs 87.5%) and pVAX1-Ag85A groups (25.0% vs 62.5%) (P <0.05). Conclusion: In vivo fluorescence image analysis system can dynamically, sensitively and visually evaluate the anti-tumor effects of DNA vaccines against bladder cancer cell-implanted tumors. Both pVAX1-Ag85A and pVAX1-Ag85B DNA vaccines have anti-tumor effects for bladder cancers.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel mutated recombinant tissue-type plas-minogen activator (rt-Pam) in a rat model of acute cerebral thrombosis. Method Eighty-seven adult Wister rats were randomly divided into control group, recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) group, low dose of rt-Pam group and routine dose of rt-Pam group. The rats of different groups were treated for 3 hours after thrombosis of middle cerebral artery. The size of infarction, neurological scores and severity of hemorrhage were observed 24 hours after treatment. The protective role of rt-Pam in the brain tissue was evaluated as per the infiltration of neutrophils and the concentration of plasminogen activator receptor-1 (PAR-1). Results Compared with control group, the sizes of infarction in the low dose of rt-Pam group and routine dose of rt-Pam group were significantly smaller [(108.5 ±27.3) mm3 and (68.3 ±17.2) mm3 vs. (323.4 ±42.3) mm3]. The neurological scores were evidently correlated with the size of infarction (r = 0.613, P<0.001), while the liability of cerebral hemorrhage in low dose of rt-Pam group was not significantly increased. The rt-Pam also reduced the production of myeloperox-idase, as well as the production of PAR-1 in comparison with rt-PA group [(13.8 ± 3.1) vs. (28.3±4.5), P <0.00l]. Conclusions The novel rt-Pam could be a better thrombolytic agent than rt-PA in treating acute stroke.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between oral health-related quality of life and school life satisfaction in high school students. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on high school students in Daegu, South Korea from November to December, 2015, and final data from 432 students was analyzed. Analysis of oral health-related quality of life in terms of general characteristics showed that both academic achievement and stress were significant factors (p<0.05). With respect to school life satisfaction, academic achievement was found to be a highly significant influencing factor (p<0.01). Correlation analyses of oral health-related quality of life with various factors of school life satisfaction showed positive correlations with personal relationships, educational learning environment, social support. Regression analysis of school life satisfaction showed that academic achievement and oral health-related quality of life were influencing factors. These results indicate that oral health-related quality of life may play a significant role in school life satisfaction.
Daegu ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Quality of Life* ; Social Environment

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between oral health-related quality of life and oral health-related self-efficacy in high school students. METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among high school students in Daegu, South Korea from November to December 2015, and the final data of 432 students were analyzed. RESULTS: Analysis of oral health-related self-efficacy in terms of general characteristics showed that both grade and income were significant factors (P<0.01). Furthermore, analysis of oral health-related quality of life in terms of general characteristics showed that academic achievement, father's educational level, and academic stress were significant factors (P<0.05). Correlation analyses of oral health-related quality of life with oral health-related self-efficacy revealed positive correlations with tooth brushing and ordinary oral health behavior. Regression analysis of oral health-related quality of life showed that father's educational level, oral health-related self-efficacy, academic stress, and academic achievement were influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that oral health-related self-efficacy may play a significant role in oral health-related quality of life.

To look for the toxicity fraction of Euphorbia pekinensis and discuss the vinegar processing mechanism. The level of intestinal edema, water content of intestine and stool, IC50 values of IEC-6 were applied to evaluate the toxicity of different fractions. RT-PCR was employed for detecting AQP1, AQP3 mRNA expression. The petroleum ether (PE) fraction and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction could significant cause intestinal edema in mice, increase the water content of duodenum, colon and stool, inhibited the mRNA expression of AQP1 and increased the mRNA level of AQP3 in colon, and the petroleum ether (PE) fraction was more poisonous. After the petroleum ether (PE) fraction was processed with vinegar, the level of intestinal edema, water content of duodenum, colon, stool and inhibition ratio of cells line were reduced. And we compared the composition change after vinegar processing, finding that the conpekinensis.
Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Molecular Structure

Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection among newly reported HIV-infected patients from 2016 to 2017 in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to detect HCV antibodies in 2 196 newly reported HIV-infected persons in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, from 2016 to 2017. Results A total of 694 cases(31.6%) were detected antibodies against HCV during HIV-infected persents. The prevalence of HCV co-infection among newly reported HIV-infected patients in Chinese and Burmese was 14.4% (112/780) and 41.1% (582/1 416), respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of HCV co-infection was higher in male, ethnic minorities such as Dai and Jingpo minority, primary school and below and farmers in both Chinese and Burmese. Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that HCV infection was associated with male, Dai minority, HIV infection by injecting drug and famers among Chinese and Burmese reported HIV-infected patients. Conclusions The prevalence of HCV co-infection was high among newly reported in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province. Meanwhile, the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/HCV co-infections in Chinese and Burmese are different, thus different prevention and control measures are needed for patients of different nationalities.

The present study investigated the role of peripheral P2X receptors in inflammatory pain transmission in the orofacial area in rats. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220 to 280 g. Formalin (5%, 50 microL) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 25 microL) was applied subcutaneously to the vibrissa pad to produce inflammatory pain. TNP-ATP, a P2X(2,2/3,4) receptor antagonist, or OX-ATP, a P2X(7) receptor antagonist, was then injected subcutaneously at 20 minutes prior to formalin injection. One of the antagonists was administered subcutaneously at three days after CFA injection. The subcutaneous injection of formalin produced a biphasic nociceptive behavioral response. Subcutaneous pretreatment with TNP-ATP (80, 160 or 240 microg) significantly suppressed the number of scratches in the second phase produced by formalin injection. The subcutaneous injection of 50 microg of OX-ATP also produced significant antinociceptive effects in the second phase. Subcutaneous injections of CFA produced increases in mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Both TNP-ATP (480 microg) and OX-ATP (100 microg) produced an attenuation of mechanical hypersensitivity. However, no change was observed in thermal hypersensitivity after the injection of either chemical. These results suggest that the blockade of peripheral P2X receptors is a potential therapeutic approach to the onset of inflammatory pain in the orofacial area.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Formaldehyde ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Nociception ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The present study investigated the role of spinal glutamate recycling in the development of orofacial inflammatory pain or trigeminal neuropathic pain. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 230 and 280 g. Under anesthesia, a polyethylene tube was implanted in the atlanto-occipital membrane for intracisternal administration. IL-1β-induced inflammation was employed as an orofacial acute inflammatory pain model. IL-1β (10 ng) was injected subcutaneously into one vibrissal pad. We used the trigeminal neuropathic pain animal model produced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve. DL-threo-β -benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA) or methionine sulfoximine (MSO) was administered intracisternally to block the spinal glutamate transporter and the glutamine synthetase activity in astroglia. Intracisternal administration of TBOA produced mechanical allodynia in naïve rats, but it significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia in rats with interleukin (IL)-1 β-induced inflammatory pain or trigeminal neuropathic pain. In contrast, intracisternal injection of MSO produced anti-allodynic effects in rats treated with IL-1β or with infraorbital nerve injury. Intracisternal administration of MSO did not produce mechanical allodynia in naive rats. These results suggest that blockade of glutamate recycling induced pro-nociception in naïve rats, but it paradoxically resulted in anti-nociception in rats experiencing inflammatory or neuropathic pain. Moreover, blockade of glutamate reuptake could represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pain conditions.
Amino Acid Transport System X-AG ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Chronic Pain ; Constriction ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase ; Glutamic Acid* ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Male ; Membranes ; Methionine Sulfoximine ; Models, Animal ; Neuralgia* ; Polyethylene ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recycling*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of classic fever of unknown origin.

METHODSA total of 27 consecutive patients with classic fever of unknown origin (FUO) (19 men, 8 women; aged 24-82 y) underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans. The images were interpreted by visual inspection and semiquantitative analysis(standardized uptake value, SUV). Final diagnosis was based on histopathology or clinical follow-up.

RESULTSThe cause of FUO was confirmed by followed investigations in 21 of 27 cases after PET/CT scan, including 10 cases of infection, 4 of noninfectious inflammation, 4 of malignancies and 3 of miscellaneous disorders; and remaining 6 cases were still confirmed FUO. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 100.0 %, 83.3%, 83.3%, 100.0% and 96.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with fever of unknown origin, (18)F-FDG-PET/CT can be a sensitive, reliable imaging modality. It is suggested that (18)F-FDG-PET/CT should be considered earlier in detecting the causes of FUO, which is difficultly diagnosed by conventional modalities.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult