The retrospective study of fifty nine eyes which underwent the vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy was performed to determine the clinical feature, incidence of postoperative complication, and showed that the final visual acuity improved in 34(58%) eyes, unchanged in 14(23%), and worsened in 11(19%). Postoperative complcations included cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, increased intraocular pressure, corneal epithelial defect, retinal detachment and iris neovascularization. The postoperative complications associated with poor visual outcomes were iris neovascularization, increased intraocular pressure and retinal detachment.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

Whether or not to drain the subretinal fluid in retinal detachment surgery remains controversial. The primary advantage of nondrainage procedure is the avoidance of the possible complications associated with transchoroidal drainage, such as choroidal hemorrhage, retinal perforation and loss of formed vitreous. Does the drainage of subretinal fluid itself affect the outcome of surgery? If any, what is the mandatory indication? The authors compared the surgical results of drainate vs. nondrainage of subretinal fluid in scleral buckling procedure to answer these questions. We reviewed preand postoperative characteristics of retinal detachments and the course of subretinal fluid absorption in the 66 eyes of 65 patients who received scleral buckling procedure and were followed up at least 6 months. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 23 eyes of SRF drained 26 eyes(88.4%) and 32 eyes of SRF non-drained 40 eyes(80.0%) after primary operation. The average of time for complete resorption of SFR was 8.04 significant difference was observed between the two groups. Complications associated with drainage were 2 cases of localized subretinal hemorrhage and one case of retinal perforation but did not disturb reattachment of retina. On the basis of these results, we think that placing the buckle correctly is more essential than drainage for successful retinal detachment surgery.
Absorption ; Choroid Hemorrhage ; Drainage ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Scleral Buckling* ; Subretinal Fluid

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between axial length(AL) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of the nondiabetic patients who had undergone cataract surgery and diabetic patients who had undergone vitrectomy or cataract surgery at Korea University Kuro Hospital between January, 1998 and July, 2000. Eyes with previous ocular surgery or other severe ocular disease were excluded from the analysis. Eyes with axial length greater than 24 mm were also excluded. The eyes were divided into 4 groups: Non-DM group, nondiabetic; Non-DR group, diabetic without retinopathy; NPDR group, with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; and PDR group, with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Each group contained 42 eyes which were matched for age and sex. RESULTS: The AL values of each group were compared. The mean AL of the PDR group(22.2+/-0.8 mm) was significantly shorter than each of the other groups: Non-DM group(23.1+/-0.7 mm, p<0.05); Non-DR group(22.9+/-0.9 mm, p<0.05); NPDR group(22.8+/-0.8 mm, p<0.05). Within the PDR group, the eyes that had received preoperative panretinal photocoagulation(27 eyes, mean: 22.0+/-1.1 mm) showed a shorter AL than those that had not(15 eyes, mean: 22.7+/-0.8 mm), which was not statistically significant(P=0.08, t-test). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a shorter axial length may be associated with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Humans ; Korea ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is more common in adults than in children. We report a atypical case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome like white dot syndromes in a 7-year-old child. METHODS: A 7-year-old child visited with complaints of decreased binocular visual acuity. Under ophthalmologic examination, anterior uveitis and optic neuropathy were found. But there was no other retinal lesion. After high-dose intravenous corticosteroids pulse therapy, yellow pigment lesions like white dot syndromes developed in peripheral retina and enlarged without serous retinal detachment. RESULTS: In 5 months after high-dose intravenous corticosteroids pulse therapy, anterior inflammation was decreased and visual acuity was 0.8 in both eyes. But depigmented retinal lesions were increased and sunset glow occurred. Alopecia and poliosis of hair were found. Human leukocyte antigen typings revealed HLA-DR4 antigen.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Alopecia ; Child* ; Hair ; HLA-DR4 Antigen ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Male* ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Telescopes ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Cerebral malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The reports about cerebral malaria are very rare because Korea is not endemic area of P. falciparum. Additionally, macular hemorrhage and decreased vision associated with cerebral malaria was not reported ever in Korea, we report one case of cerebral malaria associated with retinal hemorrhage on macular area and review of literature. METHODS: Ophthalmology was consulted with about 19-year-old woman in cerebral malaria, tropical endemic disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum, with decresed visual acuity. RESULTS: 1250 mg/day of Mefloquine was injected into patient for cerebral malaria for 18 days. After awareness, the patient complained of decreased visual acuity in left eye, then the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) in left eye was 20/800, BCVA in right eye was 20/20, retinal hemorrhage and Roth's spot were found on fundus examination in left eye, and finding in fluorescein angiography was not specific. After 8 months, retinal hemorrhage in left eye was absorbed, but BCVA in left eye was not changed.
Endemic Diseases ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Malaria, Cerebral* ; Mefloquine ; Ophthalmology ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is characterized by proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells, fibroblasts, glial cells and excessive fibrous tissue production. Recently minoxidil has been found to inhibit the proliferation of cultured fibroblast and retinal pigment epithelium. Minoxidil also inhibits the mRNA expression and protein production of lysyl hydroxylase, a key-enzyme involved in cross-linking of collagen. Therefore, the author investigated the effects of minoxidil on cultured mouse fibroblast and the result was compared with those of 5-fluorouracil and dexamethasone. Dexamethasone demonstrated bimodal effect of stimulation of proliferation at low concentrations and inhibition at higher concentrations. Fifty percent inhibition of growth (ID50) was seen at a concentration of 316mg/L. 5-fluorouracil had the most potent antiproliferative activity with ID50 of 0.8mg/L. Minoxidil had more potent antiproliferative properties on cultured mouse fibroblasts than dexamethasone. Fifty percent inhibition of growth (ID50) was 200mg/L. Reduction in cell number was seen after a 30 minute treatment and was half-maximal after 48 hours of treatment with 1000mg/L minoxidil.
Animals ; Cell Count ; Collagen ; Dexamethasone ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibroblasts* ; Fluorouracil ; Mice* ; Minoxidil* ; Neuroglia ; Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; RNA, Messenger ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

The tendency toward significantly higher mean tensions in myopic eyes compared with eyes with emmetropia and hyperopia has been believed. The patients with high myopia have an unusually high risk of the development of open angle glaucoma. But there is little information in the literature concerning the range of refractive error in relation to intraocular pressure. This study was designed to provide this information in Koreans and to assess the possible prognostic value of the refraction in glaucoma. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean IOP of all the patient were 15.29 +/- 2.61mmHg. 2. The mean IOP of emmetropic patients with +2.0 to -2.0 diopters, myopic patients with -2.25 to -4.75 diopters, and high myopic patients with greater than -5.0 diopters were each 14.99 +/- 2.62mmHg, 5.64 +/- 2.38mmHg, 16.21 +/- 2.56mmHg, respectively, suggesting that as the degree of myopia became higher, so did the IOP became greater, as supported by a statistical analysis showing significance(p<0.001). 3. The mean IOP of hyperopic patients with greater than +0.5 diopters, emmetropic patients with +0.25 to -0.25 diopters, and myopic patients with greater than -0.5 diopters were each 14.41 +/- 2.61mmHg, 14.94 +/- 2.57mmHg, and 15.60 +/- 2.56mmHg, respectively, suggesting that as the refractive error showed a myopic status, it was accompanied by an increase of IOP, as was also supported by the statistical analysis showing significance(p<0.001). 4. In correlating sex with IOP, it was found that both sexes showed an increase of IOP as the refractive status changed from hyperopia to myopia, also supported by a significant statistical analysis(p<0.001). 5. In correlating age with IOP, each age group showed a general increase in IOP as the refractive status changed from hyperopia to myopia. As the age increased, however, it was not accompanied by an increase in IOP(p<0.001). 6. As the Cup/Disk ratio increased the mean IOP also tended to increase; this finding, however, showed no significance in the statistical analysis(p>0.01).
Emmetropia ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors

Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome is a clinical disorder of unknown etiology that affects primarily the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, usually manifests with acute visual loss or blurred vision. The course of MEWDS is recoverable over several weeks. Characteristic ocular manifestations may include multiple white dots in the deep retina of posterior pole, granularity of the macula, optic disc edema, and vitreous cells. Fluorescein angiography shows small punctate areas of hyper-fluorescence at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium corresponding to the white dots and late fluorescein staining, fluorescein leakage from disc capillaries. We experienced a case of suspected Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome with Ebstein-Barr virus infection and reviewed the available literatures regarding the disease entity.
Capillaries ; Edema ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium

A 12-year-old girl presented with a ciliary body mass that measured approximately 13 X 10 mm in size. The tumor was excised through cyclectomy. The light microscopic apprearance resembled neurogenic neoplasm such as neurofibroma or schwannoma. However, some tumor cells included fasciculus which is a characteristic feature of myogenic tumor. Immunohistochemistry assay and electron microscopic examination revealed smooth muscle nature including myofilaments with dense bodies and established the diagnosis as mesectodermal leiomyoma in the ciliary body. To our best knowledge, our patient is the youngest among the ciliary body leiomyoma cases ever reported.
Child ; Ciliary Body* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leiomyoma* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibrils ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma

Although intraocular involvement in Hodgkin's disease is infrequent, there were reported iridocyclitis, exudative retinal detatchment, retinal hemorrhage, necrotizing retinitis, anterior and posterior uveitis, perivascular chorioretinitis. We report a 61 years old male patient with Hodgkin's disease who developed retinal lesion with decreased visual acuity in his right eye during a period of quiscence in his disease, 10 months since diagnosed. On first ophthalmic examination, best corrected vision of right eye was 0.6 and 1.0 on left eye. Fundus examination of the left eye was normal; however, the right eye revealed cotton wool patches, retinal edema, and intraretinal hemorrhage along the superior temporal venules. Fluorescein angiography showed blockage of choroidal flush in early phase and focal area of hyper fluorescence with perivascular leakage of dye in late phase. The results of TORCH test were negative, and the patient didn't have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and bleeding tendency. Therefore we this case presumed perivascular retinitis associated with Hodgkin's disease.
Chorioretinitis ; Choroid ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescence ; Hemorrhage ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Iridocyclitis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papilledema ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinitis* ; Uveitis, Posterior ; Venules ; Visual Acuity ; Wool