PURPOSE: To compare the anatomical and visual outcomes in idiopathic macular hole surgery with or without indocyanine green (ICG)-stained internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. METHODS: Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients who underwent idiopathic macular hole surgery were included. Follow-up period was longer than 6 months. In the initial 16 eyes, no ILM peeling was performed (non-ILM peeling group). The subsequent 20 eyes underwent surgery with ICG-stained ILM peeling (ILM peeling group). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the age, sex, hole size, symptom duration and preoperative best-corrected visual acuity between the two groups. The anatomical closure rates were 95% (19/20eyes) and 75% (12/16eyes) in the ILM peeling and non-ILM peeling groups, respectively (Fisher's exact test, p=0.15). Visual improvement of two or more lines occurred in 35% (7/20eyes) in the ILM peeling group and 43.8% (7/16eyes) in the non-ILM peeling group (Chi-square test, p=0.59). CONCLUSIONS: ICG stained ILM peeling was not statistically significant for anatomic and functional success in idiopathic macular hole surgery. Further studies of the toxicity of ICG and the result of ILM peeling should be performed.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Membranes* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Visual Acuity

A 12-year-old girl presented with a ciliary body mass that measured approximately 13 X 10 mm in size. The tumor was excised through cyclectomy. The light microscopic apprearance resembled neurogenic neoplasm such as neurofibroma or schwannoma. However, some tumor cells included fasciculus which is a characteristic feature of myogenic tumor. Immunohistochemistry assay and electron microscopic examination revealed smooth muscle nature including myofilaments with dense bodies and established the diagnosis as mesectodermal leiomyoma in the ciliary body. To our best knowledge, our patient is the youngest among the ciliary body leiomyoma cases ever reported.
Child ; Ciliary Body* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leiomyoma* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibrils ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma

Although intraocular involvement in Hodgkin's disease is infrequent, there were reported iridocyclitis, exudative retinal detatchment, retinal hemorrhage, necrotizing retinitis, anterior and posterior uveitis, perivascular chorioretinitis. We report a 61 years old male patient with Hodgkin's disease who developed retinal lesion with decreased visual acuity in his right eye during a period of quiscence in his disease, 10 months since diagnosed. On first ophthalmic examination, best corrected vision of right eye was 0.6 and 1.0 on left eye. Fundus examination of the left eye was normal; however, the right eye revealed cotton wool patches, retinal edema, and intraretinal hemorrhage along the superior temporal venules. Fluorescein angiography showed blockage of choroidal flush in early phase and focal area of hyper fluorescence with perivascular leakage of dye in late phase. The results of TORCH test were negative, and the patient didn't have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and bleeding tendency. Therefore we this case presumed perivascular retinitis associated with Hodgkin's disease.
Chorioretinitis ; Choroid ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescence ; Hemorrhage ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Iridocyclitis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papilledema ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinitis* ; Uveitis, Posterior ; Venules ; Visual Acuity ; Wool

The retrospective study of seventy eight eyes which were underwent the pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy was done to evaluate the visual outcomes and poor prognostic factors. The surgical results showed that 44(56%) eyes had improved visual acuity. 15(19%) were unchanged, 19(25%) had worse visual acuties. Preoperative factors associated with poor visual outcome include traction or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Diabetic duration and renal status had no association with visual outcome. Intraoperative factor associated with a poor visual result include use of intravitreal silicon oil. Postoperative complications associated with poor visual result include iris neovascularization and retinal detachment.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Iris ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils ; Traction ; Visual Acuity* ; Vitrectomy*

Nitric oxide(NO) is a free radical which serves a wide variety of functions on vascular tone, neurotransmission, immune cytotoxicity, and many others. Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is the biosynthetic enzyme of NO and colocalized with NADPH diaphorase(NADPH-d) activity in many tissues. The author aimed to assess the changes that occur in this populations of neurons in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat where the retinal vasculature is known to be dysfunctional. The 8 rats was a diabetic group and the other 8 was a control group. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(65mg/kg). Four weeks later, the retina was flat mounted and stained with NADPH-d. Counting of the stained cells was made. There was a 20.6% decrease in the total number of positively staining cells in the retinas of the diabetic group(2532+/-192) compared with those of the control group(3188+/-176)(p<0.001). It is worth to suggest the close correlation between NO released from retinal neurons and the microcirculatory dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.
Animals ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; NADP* ; NADPH Dehydrogenase* ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinal Neurons ; Retinaldehyde* ; Synaptic Transmission

Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy is an autosomal dominant inherited congenital retinal disorder which is thought to be caused by abnormal development of retinal vascular system and characterized by avascularity of peripheral retina, temporally dragged retina and ectopia of macula. Fundus findings of this disorder are very similar to those of retinopathy of prematurity except for no history of prematurity and oxygen administration in perinatal period. So the perinatal history and careful examination of family members in suspicious patients are important in diagnosis. The authors examined a six year old girl with poor vision compatible to a familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and all of her family members. The examination revealed that five members of three generations in this family had familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. The inheritance pattern was an autosomal dominant based upon the pedigree.
Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Oxygen ; Pedigree ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity

To evaluate the postoperative prognostic factors of pars plana vitrectomy for the proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the authors studied retrospectively the surgical results of 65 eyes that have been followed over 6 months postoperatively. The surgical results were varied according to the indication. Seventy six percent of eyes with vitreous hemorrhage obtained final vision of 5/200 or better. Similar results were obtained in 73% of eyes with macular traction detachment, 47% of eyes with rhegmatogenous-traction detachment. Rhegmatogenous-traction detachment has less favorable outcome than vitreous hemorrhage and macular traction detachment. Factors associated with a favorable visual prognosis were as follows: (1) preoperative visual acuity of 5/200 or better, (2) the avoidance of performing lensectomy, (3) the avoidance of using intraocular gas bubbles, (4) the absence of preoperative retinal detachment. Thirteen eyes resulted in anatomic failure ; vitreous hemorrhage was the cause of failure in 4 eyes(31%) and anterior hyaloid fibrovascular proliferation in 3 eyes(23%), The causes of poor visual outcome included optic atrophy in 3 eyes, ischemic maculopathy in 2 eyes, submacular fibrosis in 1 eye and cataract in 1 eye.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Fibrosis ; Hemorrhage ; Optic Atrophy ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

We reviewed charts of patients on the clinical characteristics and factors which affect the prognosis of surgical results in the 77 patients(77 eyes) who were diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and operated on and followed for at least 3 months postoperatively at Korea University Guro hospital. We evaluated the characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Korea by comparing with other reports on retinal detachment as well. The factors associated with anatomic success were the duration of retinal detachment and the prescence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. High success rate was achieved when the duration was less than 1 month and there was no proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The factors associated with functional success included the duration of retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, preoperative refractive error and the degree of retinal detachment(P<0.05).
Humans ; Korea ; Prognosis ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

To evaluate the prediction of visual outcome in cataract patients, the authors compared the preoperatively measured vision using hand-held laser interferometry(HEINE LAMBDA 100, GERMANY) and Han's visual acuity chart with the postoperatively corrected vision. Among 40 patients, in the 12 cases with immature cataract and normal macula, the postoperative measured acuity was predicted within two lines in 7 cases(58%), and in the 27 cases with mature cataract including nuclear sclerosis, the disparity under -2 was only 6 cases(21%). In the 6 cases with macular abnormality, one patient showed positive disparity. These results indicate that the prediction of visual outcome for catarct sugery using the hand-held laser interferometer was reliable in immature catarct with normal macula.
Cataract* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Sclerosis ; Visual Acuity

To evaluate the predictability of visual outcome in vaculopathy patients after treatment, we compared the difference between the pre-treatment visual acuity measured by hand-held laser interferometer and the posttreatment corrected visual acuity using Han`s visual acuity chart. Disease distribution was as follows; BRVO(18 cases), CRVO(11 cases), CSCR(9 cases), posterior uveitis(4 cases). The mean up period was 3.45 months. Among 42 cases, 28 eyes showed positive disparity and 13 eyes showed negative disparity. The range of disparity was from -0.2 to +0.3(mean 0.113). The post-treatment visual acuity was predictable within 2 lines in 38 eyes(90%) We concluded that the hand-held laser interferometer is one of the reliable methods to predict the post-treatment visual acuity in maculopathy patients.
Humans ; Visual Acuity*