To evaluate the postoperative prognostic factors of pars plana vitrectomy for the proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the authors studied retrospectively the surgical results of 65 eyes that have been followed over 6 months postoperatively. The surgical results were varied according to the indication. Seventy six percent of eyes with vitreous hemorrhage obtained final vision of 5/200 or better. Similar results were obtained in 73% of eyes with macular traction detachment, 47% of eyes with rhegmatogenous-traction detachment. Rhegmatogenous-traction detachment has less favorable outcome than vitreous hemorrhage and macular traction detachment. Factors associated with a favorable visual prognosis were as follows: (1) preoperative visual acuity of 5/200 or better, (2) the avoidance of performing lensectomy, (3) the avoidance of using intraocular gas bubbles, (4) the absence of preoperative retinal detachment. Thirteen eyes resulted in anatomic failure ; vitreous hemorrhage was the cause of failure in 4 eyes(31%) and anterior hyaloid fibrovascular proliferation in 3 eyes(23%), The causes of poor visual outcome included optic atrophy in 3 eyes, ischemic maculopathy in 2 eyes, submacular fibrosis in 1 eye and cataract in 1 eye.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Fibrosis ; Hemorrhage ; Optic Atrophy ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is characterized by bilateral uveitis, alopecia, poliosis, dysacousia, and sings of meningeal irritation. Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome is a severe anterior uveitis associated with alopecia, vitiligo, poliosis, and dysacousia. On the other hand, Harada's disease is primarily a posterior uveitis accompanied by sings of meningeal irritation and abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid. The overlapping of clinical manifestations between two entities have justified as part of a spectrum of one disease. The etiology is not clearly determined but two most reliable theories as to the cause of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome have been considered as allergic reaction to the uveal pigment or viral infection. The authors experienced a 27-year-old Korean male who had acute bilateral uveitis, headache, dysacousia, alopecia, poliosis, vitiligo on the back, and retinal pigment epithelial detachment of posterior pole in the fluorescein angiography. Thus the authors present this case with clinical manifestations, fluorescein angiographic findings. our schedule of steroid therapy, and review of literatures.
Adult ; Alopecia ; Appointments and Schedules ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hand ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Retinal Detachment ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Uveitis, Posterior ; Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome* ; Vitiligo

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is the second most common form of retinal vascular diseases next to diabetic retinopathy. Several risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperopia have been shown to be associated with BRVO. The pathogenesis of branch retinal vein occlusion has not been well understood. This study was conducted prospectively on 21 patients with BRVO and normal 21 patients as controls to assess the relationship of the axial length with the development of BRVO. Mean axial lengths of the affected and the fellow eyes in the branch retinal vein occlusion group were 22.69 +/-0.72 mmand 22.89 +/-0.67mm, respectively. The difference between mean axial lengths of the affected and the fellow eyes was not statistically significant (p=0.17). The mean axial length of control eyes was 23.22 +/-1.29 mm. The affected eyes in the BRVO group were 0.53 mmshorter than eyes in control group on the average, and the difference was statistically significant(p=0.04). This study suggests that shorter axial length could be a local risk factor in the pathogenesis of branch retinal vein occlusion.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Hypertension ; Prospective Studies ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Diseases

Color Doppler imaging(CDI) facilitates the study of orbital vasculature by color encoding the Doppler frequency shifts of blood flow, superimposing this color on B-scan anatomic detail. In a patient with ocular ischemic syndrome, maximal systolic velocity of the ophthalmic artery in the ischemic eye was reduced markedly when compared with the contralateral control eye. CDI revealed no detectable blood flow velocities within the mass in cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. In a patient with carotid-cavernous fistula, CDI demonstrated a typical low-resistance blood flow pattern of the arterialized vein. Noninvasive CDI may be helpful diagnostic aid for disorders of the eye and orbit.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula ; Fistula ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit ; Veins

The purpose of glaucoma filtering surgery is to maintain low intraocular pressure byoontinuous filtration of aqueous humor. Filtration failure commonly results from scarring at the surgical site. Fibroblast plays an important role in the scarring process. Mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil are the antimetabolites capable of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation. In this animal experiment, the authors studied electron microscopically the effect of Mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil on the fibroblast proliferation at the surgical site. Posterior sclerectomy was performed to 9 eyes of 9 normal rabbits. Postoperatively, 3 eyes recieved subconjunctival injection of Mitomycin C, 3 eyes 5-fluorouracil and 3 eyes normal saline as a control. Additional one eye of a rabbit was used for observation of normol fibroblast. Animals were killed two days, four days, six days following surgery at the time of 12 hours after the last injection. Globes were immediately removed and processed for transmission electron microscopic examination. The results were as follows; 1. Normal fibroblasts in episclera showed dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). 2. Two days after operation, the fibroblasts were slightly activated. 3. Four days after operation, cytoplasmic organelles in fibroblasts were more activated. 4. Six days after operation, secreting forms of fibroblast were visible. The fibrillar materials of moderate electron density pooled in cisternae of RER, and the filamentous elements were in the periphery of the cytoplasm. 5. In Mitomycin C treated group, there was no remarkable change in the cytoplasmic organelles, but some dilation of RER was noted four days after operation. 6. In 5-fluorouracil treated group, there was the same feature as in Mitomycin C group, but milder. 7. Conclusively, Mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil are considered effective on the inhibition of fibrogenesis with lowering of fibroblastic activity.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Antimetabolites ; Aqueous Humor ; Cicatrix ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Filtration ; Fluorouracil ; Glaucoma* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin* ; Organelles ; Rabbits

Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy is an autosomal dominant inherited congenital retinal disorder which is thought to be caused by abnormal development of retinal vascular system and characterized by avascularity of peripheral retina, temporally dragged retina and ectopia of macula. Fundus findings of this disorder are very similar to those of retinopathy of prematurity except for no history of prematurity and oxygen administration in perinatal period. So the perinatal history and careful examination of family members in suspicious patients are important in diagnosis. The authors examined a six year old girl with poor vision compatible to a familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and all of her family members. The examination revealed that five members of three generations in this family had familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. The inheritance pattern was an autosomal dominant based upon the pedigree.
Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Oxygen ; Pedigree ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity

The retrospective study of seventy eight eyes which were underwent the pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy was done to evaluate the visual outcomes and poor prognostic factors. The surgical results showed that 44(56%) eyes had improved visual acuity. 15(19%) were unchanged, 19(25%) had worse visual acuties. Preoperative factors associated with poor visual outcome include traction or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Diabetic duration and renal status had no association with visual outcome. Intraoperative factor associated with a poor visual result include use of intravitreal silicon oil. Postoperative complications associated with poor visual result include iris neovascularization and retinal detachment.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Iris ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils ; Traction ; Visual Acuity* ; Vitrectomy*

Nitric oxide(NO) is a free radical which serves a wide variety of functions on vascular tone, neurotransmission, immune cytotoxicity, and many others. Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is the biosynthetic enzyme of NO and colocalized with NADPH diaphorase(NADPH-d) activity in many tissues. The author aimed to assess the changes that occur in this populations of neurons in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat where the retinal vasculature is known to be dysfunctional. The 8 rats was a diabetic group and the other 8 was a control group. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(65mg/kg). Four weeks later, the retina was flat mounted and stained with NADPH-d. Counting of the stained cells was made. There was a 20.6% decrease in the total number of positively staining cells in the retinas of the diabetic group(2532+/-192) compared with those of the control group(3188+/-176)(p<0.001). It is worth to suggest the close correlation between NO released from retinal neurons and the microcirculatory dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.
Animals ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; NADP* ; NADPH Dehydrogenase* ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinal Neurons ; Retinaldehyde* ; Synaptic Transmission

A 12-year-old girl presented with a ciliary body mass that measured approximately 13 X 10 mm in size. The tumor was excised through cyclectomy. The light microscopic apprearance resembled neurogenic neoplasm such as neurofibroma or schwannoma. However, some tumor cells included fasciculus which is a characteristic feature of myogenic tumor. Immunohistochemistry assay and electron microscopic examination revealed smooth muscle nature including myofilaments with dense bodies and established the diagnosis as mesectodermal leiomyoma in the ciliary body. To our best knowledge, our patient is the youngest among the ciliary body leiomyoma cases ever reported.
Child ; Ciliary Body* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leiomyoma* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibrils ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma

Although intraocular involvement in Hodgkin's disease is infrequent, there were reported iridocyclitis, exudative retinal detatchment, retinal hemorrhage, necrotizing retinitis, anterior and posterior uveitis, perivascular chorioretinitis. We report a 61 years old male patient with Hodgkin's disease who developed retinal lesion with decreased visual acuity in his right eye during a period of quiscence in his disease, 10 months since diagnosed. On first ophthalmic examination, best corrected vision of right eye was 0.6 and 1.0 on left eye. Fundus examination of the left eye was normal; however, the right eye revealed cotton wool patches, retinal edema, and intraretinal hemorrhage along the superior temporal venules. Fluorescein angiography showed blockage of choroidal flush in early phase and focal area of hyper fluorescence with perivascular leakage of dye in late phase. The results of TORCH test were negative, and the patient didn't have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and bleeding tendency. Therefore we this case presumed perivascular retinitis associated with Hodgkin's disease.
Chorioretinitis ; Choroid ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescence ; Hemorrhage ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Iridocyclitis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papilledema ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinitis* ; Uveitis, Posterior ; Venules ; Visual Acuity ; Wool