An experimental study was made to detect the presence of Trichomonas Vaginalis in 300 urethritis patients and 600 police men without any subjective symptoms and signs during the period from Jan, 1977 to Dec., 1971. T. Vaginalis were found on 30 cases performed microscopic examination of centrifuged sediment of urine and prostatic secretion obtained by prostatic massage. Clinical observation was also performed on 30 cases of trichomoniasis and following results were obtained. 1. T. Vaginalis was detected in 4 % of urethritis patients (Group B) and in 3 % of control cases (Group A) with average of 3.5 %. 2. Age distribution ranged from 21 to 50 years and occupied 75 % between 21 and 35 years of age. 3. T. Vaginalis was found between 5.5-6.0 of urinary pH in 44.4 % of Group A and 50 % of Group B with average of 47.2 %. 4. Other pathologic bacteriae were detected in 8 cases ( 38.8 %) in urine of Group A and the most frequent mixed organisms were Gram negative bacilli. 5. Seasonal prevalence has been observed and increasing tendency can be seen in summer (June to Sept.) with average of 55.8 % (54 % in Group A and 57.6 % in Group B) 6. T. Vaginalis was discovered in higher percentage in the married and it ranged in 86.7 % 7. The frequent subjective complaints were in order of itching in urethra (33.3 %), burning on urination (25 %), frequency ( 16.6 %), morning drops (16.6 %) and perineal discomfort (8.3 %). 8. Metronidazole 400mg was administered orally twice a day for 7 days in 10 cases of Trichomoniasis without mixed bacterial infection and effective in 9 cases.
Age Distribution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Burns ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male* ; Massage ; Metronidazole ; Police ; Prevalence ; Pruritus ; Seasons ; Trichomonas vaginalis ; Urethra ; Urethritis ; Urinary Tract* ; Urination

The authors flagged that the spelling of author YangHo Kim was incorrect. It is published on the original manuscript as Yang Ho Kim, but should be spelt YangHo Kim.

This thematic collection includes the articles to review eleven occupational cancer related risks or working conditions and to propose the guidelines of S. Korea.
Environmental Medicine ; Korea

PURPOSE: To describe radiologic differences between tuberculous pleural effusion and empyema on the basis of computed tomography(CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrosepectively CT findings of 50 patients with pathologically and grossly proved empyema. Twenty-two patients had empyema, and 28 patients had tuberculous pleurisy. RESULTS: CT findings known to be useful in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from empyema (1) contour and extent of pleural thickening, (2) mediastinal pleural involvement, (3)accumulation of extrapleural tissue and (4) change of ipsilateral thoraic volume of empyema. However, none of the above findings were helpful in the differential diagnosis of empyema. CONCLUSION: The differentation of tubrculous pleurisy from pyogenic empyema may be not possible with CT findings only.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Empyema* ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pleurisy ; Tuberculosis, Pleural

A statistical observation was made on 542 in-patients with age distribution and operative procedure in the Department of Urology, National police Hospital, during the period from January 1. 1972 to December 31, 1976.
Age Distribution ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Police ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Urology

Most foreign bodies found in the bladder are inserted through the urethra. Abnormal psyche senility, inebriation, and eroticism are the most frequent causes for such induction. The following is a report of a male who slipped Nylon silk into the urethra during masturbation and lost it in the bladder while attempting to remove it.
Erotica ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Nylons ; Silk ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder*

Background: The concept of work-life balance (WLB) has become an important issue in workers' health and safety. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WLB and occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain.Method: The study included 27,383 workers who participated in the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Participants were divided into good WLB and poor WLB groups based on their responses to the five question items which comprised two dimensions: workon-life conflict (items, 1–3) and life-on-work conflict (items 4 and 5). Occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain were also assessed using the question items. The χ 2 test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of WLB to occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain while considering socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and ergonomic and psychological risk factors. Results: Of the 27,383 participants, 252 (0.9%) had experienced an occupational injury and 6,408 (23.4%) had musculoskeletal pain. The poor WLB group had higher injury rates for both men (1.7%) and women (0.9%) than the good WLB group (1.1% and 0.4%, respectively).Additionally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was higher for both men and women in the poor WLB group (25.2% and 28.0%, respectively) than for men and women in the good WLB group (18.7% and 23.6%, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of WLB for occupational injury was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.78), and that for musculoskeletal pain was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07–1.21), showing positive associations of WLB with both occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain. Conclusions Poor WLB causes an increase in occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.Therefore, an improvement in WLB may reduce the incidence of occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain among workers. Social and policy-related initiatives are needed to improve workers' WLB to reduce occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

Background: The concept of work-life balance (WLB) has become an important issue in workers' health and safety. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WLB and occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain.Method: The study included 27,383 workers who participated in the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Participants were divided into good WLB and poor WLB groups based on their responses to the five question items which comprised two dimensions: workon-life conflict (items, 1–3) and life-on-work conflict (items 4 and 5). Occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain were also assessed using the question items. The χ 2 test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of WLB to occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain while considering socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and ergonomic and psychological risk factors. Results: Of the 27,383 participants, 252 (0.9%) had experienced an occupational injury and 6,408 (23.4%) had musculoskeletal pain. The poor WLB group had higher injury rates for both men (1.7%) and women (0.9%) than the good WLB group (1.1% and 0.4%, respectively).Additionally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was higher for both men and women in the poor WLB group (25.2% and 28.0%, respectively) than for men and women in the good WLB group (18.7% and 23.6%, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of WLB for occupational injury was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.78), and that for musculoskeletal pain was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07–1.21), showing positive associations of WLB with both occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain. Conclusions Poor WLB causes an increase in occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.Therefore, an improvement in WLB may reduce the incidence of occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain among workers. Social and policy-related initiatives are needed to improve workers' WLB to reduce occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the incidence rate of fatty liver and it's related factors based on a three year follow up of multiphasic health screening participants. METHODS: 671 male workers who had participated in both initial and second multiphasic health screening were selected. Initial screening was performed during the year of 1996 to 1997 and second screening was performed during the year of 1999 to 2000. Among them, four hundred and thirty workers who didn't initially have a fatty liver were selected as the final study subjects. They were classified into 2 categories according to the initial and second hepatic ultrasonographic findings; stationary normal(307, 71.4%), and fatty liver incident(123, 28.6%). The incidence rate was calculated using the incidence density method. RESULTS: The incidence rate of fatty liver among the male workers was 9.73 per 100 person-years. The white collar workers had a higher incidence rate(10.66) than the blue collar workers(8.14). The incidence density ratio of alcohol drinking to fatty liver incidence was 1.41, and the incidence density ratio of low vegetable diet was 1.63. The incidence density ratio of obesity was 1.78 for the 100-109% obesity index group, 2.83 for the 110-119% obesity index group, 4.25 for the >or=120% obesity index group over <100%. Smoking, regular exercise, salty food preference, and taking food supplement had no significant effect on the incidence of fatty liver. The fatty liver incident group had higher initial blood pressure, GPT, gamma GTP, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, uric acid, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the stationary normal group. However, there were no differences in the GOT, HDL-cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol levels. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity index and serum triglyceride were found to be major factors in the incidence of fatty liver after controlling age, alcohol drinking, vegetable diet, daily coffee intake, blood pressure, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of fatty liver among the male workers was 9.73 per 100 person-years. The lifestyles which gave rise to an increasing incidence of fatty liver were those involving excessive alcohol drinking, obesity, and low vegetable diet. Moreover, many cardiovascular disorder related health indices such as blood pressure, and the blood sugar, blood lipid and uric acid levels, were related to the incidence of fatty liver.
Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Coffee ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Food Preferences ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male* ; Mass Screening ; Obesity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid ; Vegetables

OBJECTIVE: Recent researches suggest that trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) would be an adequate metabolic biomarker for low-level benzene exposure. Few study have investigated the association between the t,t-MA and platelet count, and this is the primary aim of this study. METHODS: From May 2004 to June 2004, 326 chemical factory workers took part in a questionnaire survey and they underwent urinary t,t-MA and CBC assessment. The questionnaire covered general aspects of health and the occupational and smoking histories. Statistical analyses of outcomes were performed using SPSS 14.0 for Windows. RESULTS: The subjects' urinary t,t-MA concentration (geometric mean and geometric standard deviation) was 0.28 mg/g creatinine (2.62). No significant differences between different occupations among the chemical workers were found. The urinary t,t-MA concentrations in the smokers and non-smokers were 0.32 mg/g creatinine (2.44) and 0.25 mg/g creatinine (2.77) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the platelet count based on occupation and the smoking history. There was significant correlation between log(platelet) and log(t,t-MA)(r=-0.116 p=0.039). The regression equation log(platelet) = -0.002xAge + [-0.029xlog(t,t-MA)] + 2.436, R2=0.032, was calculated from linear regression analysis with log(platelet) as the dependent variable. Cross-tabulation between 2 subgroups that were divided by the 90-percentile level of the t,t-MA (0.819 mg/g creatinine), and 2 subgroups that were divided by the 10-percentile level of the platelet count (175,000) was conducted. Higher distribution in subgroup with platelet count below 175,000 was demonstrated in the subgroup with a urinary t,t-MA above the 90-percentile, with an odds ratio of 3.01. CONCLUSIONS: The study may be limited by not taking into account factors such as smoking quantity and sorbic acid, which may confound urinary the t,t-MA concentration as well as medication and infection that may affect the platelet count. Yet it is meaningful that the correlation between the urinary t,t-MA concentration and the platelet count was found through linear regression analysis and the chi-square test, and further, this outcome may be used as a basis for a study to establish the acceptable limit of urinary t,t-MA in Korea.
Benzene ; Blood Platelets ; Creatinine ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Platelet Count ; Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sorbic Acid