Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid nodules and sex and age in Harbin,as well as the clinical characteristics of thyroid nodules.Methods Using a cross-sectional method,census personnel from the Second Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2017 to October 2018 were selected for Color Doppler Ultrasonography of thyroid gland to compare the detection rate of thyroid nodules in different age and sex and analyze the location and size of thyroid nodules.Results A total of 6 209 persons with thyroid nodules were detected in 11 465 healthy census personnel,with a detection rate of 54.16％.Among them,1 069 were males with a detection rate of 44.08％ (1 069/2 425) and 5 140 were females with a detection rate of 56.86％ (5 140/9 040),gender difference was statistically significant (x2 =125.71,P ＜ 0.05).Detection of thyroid nodules in different age groups:416 (28.75％) in the group aged 20-29,775 (39.08％) in the group aged 30-39,1 228 (50.27％) in the group aged 40-49,2 059 (65.26％) in the group aged 50-59,1 444 (70.03％) in the group aged 60-69,and 287 (76.53％) in the group aged over 70.The detection rate of thyroid nodules in all age groups of females was higher than that in males,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =15.50,11.53,28.87,54.91,43.22,7.28,P ＜ 0.05).Detection of thyroid nodules in different location:1 698 (27.35％) in the left lobe,1 795 (28.91％) in the right lobe,and 2 716 (43.74％) in bilateral lobes.Detection of thyroid nodules with different size:3 591 (57.84％) with small nodules (diameter ＜ 1.0 cm),1 907 (30.71％) with medium nodules (1.0 cm≤diameter≤2.0 cm),and 711 (11.45％) with large nodules (diameter ＞ 2.0 cm).Conclusions The detection rate of thyroid nodules in Harbin is higher,women are significantly larger than males,and the age is ≥ 70 years old than other age groups;the nodules appear more in the bilateral leaves,mainly small nodules.