Aim To explore the effect of meloxicam on the CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors in rats and its preliminary mechanism. Methods The rats were exposed to CUMS procedure for 6 weeks to estab-lish the model of depression. Meloxicam(1,3 mg· kg-1 ) and sertraline(5 mg·kg-1 ) were administered to rats from 22d of the stress procedure(once a day,for 21 days,p. o. ) . Depressive-like behaviors were evalu-ated by the open-field test and force swimming test. The levels of PGE2 and TNF-αin cortex were measured by ELISA. Moreover, the concentrations of NE, DA, DOPAC and 5-HIAA were also measured by HPLC, and the protein expression of 5-HT1 AR in cortex was analyzed by the immunohistochemistry. Results Com-pared with the rats of normal control group,the vertical and horizontal movement scores of rats in the open-field test were decreased and the immobility time in the forced swimming test was increased in model group. The levels of PGE2 and TNF-α were both increased signifi-cantly,whereas the concentrations of NE, DA, DOPAC and 5-HIAA were decreased and the expression of 5-HT1AR was reduced in cortex. Compared with the rats of model group, meloxicam significantly improved the depressive behaviors of rats in experimental groups and reversed the content of PGE2 ,TNF-α,NE,DA,DOPAC and 5-HIAA, as well as the expression of 5-HT1AR. Conclusion Meloxicam has a significant protective effect on CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors, and the protective mechanism might be related to atten-uating inflammation response and reconstructing the balance of the monoamine neurotransmitter system in rat cortex.

Objective: To study the effect of different sorts of fertilizer on the content of tanshinone Ⅱ A, the effective element of cultivated Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae. Methods: Fertilize Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae with the several kinds of combination: the oddment cake(round flat cake made of residue of seed after extracting oil form it), pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, human excrement, plant ashes, dregs of a decoction (residue of Traditional Chinese medicine material after being extracted), phosphoric fertilizer and compound fertilizer; and gather Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae one year later. Determine the content of Tanshinone Ⅱ A in cultivated Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae by HPLC. Results: The contents of Tanshinone Ⅱ A in Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae fertilized by different sorts of fertilizer are of significant difference. Conclusion: Plant ashes, oddment cake and compound fertilizer are good for growing of Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae and raises of the content of Tanshinone Ⅱ A.

Warfarin was the only oral anticoagulant drug , widely used in the prevention of thromboembolism events.The antithrombotic effect of warfarin has been very clear , but there are also some defects , such as that the treatment window is narrow and individual difference is very big.In recent years , the emergence of new targeted oral anticoagulant agents has provided a new choice for the anticoagulant drugs.The development of targeted oral anticoagulant drugs is reviewed , and the new challenge to warfarin is discussed.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the secretion patterns of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) after different dietary loads in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and their relation to insulin secretion and plasma glucose levels.

METHODSFourteen subjects with normal glucose tolerance underwent 75 g glucose tolerance test(OGTT) followed by mixed meal tolerance test(MMT) one week later. Blood glucose, insulin, and GIP were measured in the fasting state and at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after glucose load or mixed meal load.

RESULTSThe first peak value of GIP after glucose load occurred at 15 min (45.09∓4.67 pmol/L). After a brief decline, GIP continued to increase till reaching 59.66∓11.73 pmol/L at 120 min after the load. After the mixed meal load, GIP secretion presented with two peaks: the first peak appeared at 15 min (71.69∓14.19 pmol/L) with a level significantly higher than that at 15 min following glucose load (P<0.05), and the second occurred at 90 min (55.35∓13.19 pmol/L). The area under curve of GIP showed no significant difference between the two loads (P>0.05). Compared with glucose load, mixed meal load resulted in an increase of the first GIP peak and an earlier insulin peak (30 min vs 60 min), but a significant decrease of blood glucose at 15 min (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with glucose load, mixed meal (containing fat) can strongly stimulate GIP release and cause earlier occurrence of the insulin peak, which might be an important reason for the lower blood glucose after mixed meal.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; China ; ethnology ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ; secretion ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin ; secretion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective: Based on coronary artery calciifcation (CAC) distribution in the rural population of Yunnan province, we further explored the relationship between coronary artery calciifcation score (CACS) and the pulse pressure difference (PPD).
Methods: A randomly stratiifed cluster sampling method was used to study the rural population of Yunnan province and 16-MDCT scan was performed in 212 subjects for evaluating their CAC and calculating CACS. The subjects were divided into 2 sets of groups according to the age and CACS value. Age (51-60) years group,n=108 and Age (61-71) years group,n=104; CACS<1 group,n=162, 1≤CACS<100 group,n=33 and CACS≥100 group,n=17. The PPD level and the relationship between CACS and PPD were compared among different groups.
Results: The average PPD level in Age (61-71) years group was (44.67±13.87) mmHg and in Age (61-71) years group was (50.00±17.44) mmHg,P=0.015, PPD was positively related to age, rs=0.202,P=0.003. The average PPD level in CACS≥100 group, CACS<1 group and 1≤CACS<100 group were (55.22±18.79) mmHg, (46.87±15.46) mmHg and (45.20±15.89) mmHg respectively,P<0.05. The patients with increased PPD level in CACS≥100 group was 47.1%, in CACS<1 group was 17.3% and in 1≤CACS<100 group was 15.2%,P<0.05. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that PPD level was positively related to CACS, rs=0.282,P=0.047, with adjusted confounding factors such as age and blood cholesterol level, the PPD was still positively related to CACS.
Conclusion: PPD as a risk factor of coronary artery disease is related to CACS in rural population of Yunnan province, the CACS increased accordingly with the elevated PPD level.

Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid ; genetics ; Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha ; STAT5 Transcription Factor ; genetics

INTRODUCTIONTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures to date. It is estimated that over 130,000 of TKAs are performed in the United States every year. Whilst the procedure is safe, it nevertheless carries a risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to report the mortality rate within 30 days after a TKA, as well as to assess the incidence of early postoperative morbidities.

MATERIALS AND METHODSWe reviewed a total of 2219 TKAs performed by multiple surgeons in our centre from 1998 to 2001. All mortalities within 30 days of a TKA were recorded. Morbidities such as infection, thromboembolic phenomenon, and any re-admissions within 30 days of operation or 15 days of discharge were recorded.

RESULTSThe mortality rate within 30 days of a TKA was 0.27% (6 of 2219 patients). The incidence of early postoperative infection was 1.8%, of which 1.44% were superficial and 0.36% were deep infections. There were 3 cases (0.13%) of pulmonary embolism and 22 cases (0.99%) of deep vein thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONSThe 30-day mortality rate, and the incidence of infection after TKA performed in our institution is comparable to other centres around the world, and further emphasises that TKA is a safe procedure. However, the small number of mortalities in this study does not allow us to identify a predominant cause of perioperative mortality.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; trends ; Patient Readmission ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Thromboembolism ; Treatment Failure ; Venous Thrombosis

OBJECTIVETo illustrate the significance of expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue derived from chromosome ten (PTEN) encoding product in normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and carcinoma of the stomach, and to evaluate its clinical implication in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma.

METHODSFormalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 184 cases of gastric carcinoma, its adjacent normal mucosa, IM and dysplasia were evaluated for the expression of PTEN by SABC immunohistochemistry. PTEN expression was assessed as to tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, Lauren's classification and WHO histological classification of gastric carcinoma. Expression of VEGF protein was also studied in 60 cases of gastric carcinoma, with its correlation with PTEN concerned.

RESULTSThe positive rates of PTEN protein were 100% (102/102), 98.5% (65/66), 66.7% (4/6) and 47.8% (88/184) in normal mucosa, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma of stomach, respectively. The positive rates in the last two groups were lower than the first two (P < 0.01). PTEN was less expressed in advanced gastric carcinoma than in early ones (42.9% vs 67.6%, P < 0.01). The positive rate of PTEN protein was lower in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis than without (40.3% vs 63.3%, P < 0.01). PTEN was less expressed in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma than in intestinal-type (41.5% vs 57.8%, P < 0.05). Signet ring cell carcinoma expressed PTEN stood the lowest (25.0%, 7/28), which was less than well and moderately differentiated ones (61.8%, 21/34) (P < 0.01). Expression of PTEN was inversely correlated with expression of VEGF though without any significance (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLoss or reduced expression of PTEN protein is common in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer. Altered expression of PTEN may contribute to carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer by increasing angiogenesis, cellular adhesion and mobility and so on. PTEN may be an objective marker for pathologically biological behavior of gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinogenicity Tests ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the oxidative damage and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52e cell line) induced by ethylbenzene.

METHODSNRK-52e cells were exposed to 30, 60, 90, 120 μmol/L ethylbenzene for 24 hours. Cell viability were measured using MTT, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected respectively. PI fluorescent staining assay was applied to detect percentage of apoptosis in ethylbenzene-treated groups.

RESULTSCompared with control group, cell outline became clear, cell diopter increased, cell became smaller and shrinkage, some cells broke in 60 μmol/L ethylbenzene-treated group. Plenty of cells died, suspension cells increased significantly in 90 μmol/L ethylbenzene-treated group. Compared with control group, cell viability the activities of SOD and CAT and the content of GSH were significantly decreased in 60 and 90 μmol/L ethylbenzene-treated groups (P<0.05). The MDA content were remarkably elevated in 90 μmol/L ethylbenzene-treated groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONEthylbenzene can induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in NRK-52e cells (P<0.05).

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzene Derivatives ; toxicity ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten.METHODS The 30％ and 90％ ethanol fractions of 70％ ethanol extract from G.acuta were isolated and purified by silica,ODS and preparative HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as sinenoside Ⅰ (1),(+)-lariciresinol-4,4'-0-bis-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),(+)-8-hydroxylariciresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),(+)-lariciresinol-4-O-3-D-glucopyranoside (4),(7S,8R)-erythro-7,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),(7S,8R)-erythro-4,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),(7S,8R)-erythro-4,7,9-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),balanophonin (8),urolignoside (9).CONCLUSION Compounds 2-9 are isolated from genus Gentianella for the first time.