OBJECTIVESTo establish a gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990/GZ, and to explore the relationship between drug-resistant cell line SW1990/GZ and pancreatic cancer stem cell.

METHODSGemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990/GZ was obtained by treating parental cell line SW1990 in vitro with increasing dosage of gemcitabine in culture medium intermittently for 24 weeks. Stable cultures were obtained which were 77.2-fold increased in resistance relative to parental cells. Gene expressions of ABCB1/MDR1, ABCC1/MRP and ABCG2/BCRP were determined by real-time PCR. Tumorigenic potential was performed by nude mice xenograft transplant experiments. Side population analysis and CD24CD44 positive cells explore were determined by flow cytometry to examine cancer stem cell proportion.

RESULTSGemcitabine-resistant cell line SW1990/GZ underwent obvious morphological and functional changes. Compared with the parental cell line, SW1990/GZ cell was small and turned into round shape. SW1990/GZ had a higher gene expression level of ABCB1/MDR1, ABCC1/MRP and ABCG2/BCRP than SW1990 (P < 0.01). Nude mice xenograft transplant experiments showed that only 1 × 10(5) SW1990/GZ cells were sufficient for tumor formation, whereas an injection of 1 × 10(5) SW1990 cells did not initiate tumors. Flow cytometry analysis showed that SP proportion in SW1990/GZ was (11.0 ± 1.0)%, whereas in parental SW1990 it was (4.6 ± 0.9)%, CD44CD24 positive cells was (8.73 ± 0.81)% in SW1990/GZ, whereas (1.1 ± 0.4)% in SW1990.

CONCLUSIONSGemcitabine-resistant cell line SW1990/GZ has a higher proportion of pancreatic cancer stem cells compared to its parental cell line SW1990. CD44 is mainly responsible for acquired drug resistance, which can be a potential target to overcome acquired drug resistance in pancreatic cancer.

Animals ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Deoxycytidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo evaluate and analyze mechanism of Pizhen for the treatment of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

METHODSEighty-five patients (85 knees) were divided into two groups according to random number table method. Among 35 patients in the experimental group, 6 patients were male and 29 patients were female, 1 patient lost follow-up, the average age was (56.65 +/- 4.89) years, and the patients were treated with Pizhen. Among 50 patients in the control group,there were 6 males and 44 females, the average age was (57.54 +/- 4.91) years, and the patients were treated with intra-articular injection with sodium hyaluronate. The VAS score and the data of algometer from the most obvious tenderness around the knee were used to evaluate the clinical effects.

RESULTSThere were significant differences of scores in the experimental group before and after treatment (P<0.01). There were significant differences of scores in the control group before and after treatment (P<0.01). After treatment, there were no statistical differences of VAS score and the data of algometer between experimental and control groups ( P>0.01). There was negative correlation between VAS score and the data of algometer.

CONCLUSIONThe Pizhen is an effective method to treat pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis by relaxing tendon of soft tissue around pain point of knee joint, and relaxing compress and stimulation of nerves.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pain Measurement

BACKGROUNDThe effect of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on cardiac function during the chronic prediabetes state is complicated and plays an important role in clinical outcome. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This study was designed to observe cardiac dysfunction in prediabetic rats with IGT and to determine whether glucose metabolic abnormalities, inflammation and apoptosis are linked to it.

METHODSThe IGT rat models were induced by streptozocin, and the heart functions were assessed by echocardiography. Myocardial glucose metabolism was analyzed by glycogen periodic acid-Schiff staining, and the pro-apoptotic effect of IGT was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Additionally, caspase-3 activation, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) were detected by Western blotting in cardiac tissue lysates.

RESULTSArea-under-the-curve of blood glucose in rats injected with streptozotocin was higher than that in controls, increased by 16.28%, 38.60% and 38.61% at 2, 4 and 6 weeks respectively (F = 15.370, P = 0.003). Abnormal cardiac functions and apoptotic cardiomyocytes were observed in the IGT rats, the ejection fraction (EF) being (68.59 ± 6.62)% in IGT rats vs. (81.07 ± 4.59)% in controls (t = 4.020, P = 0.002). There was more glucose which was converted to glycogen in the myocardial tissues of IGT rats, especially in cardiac perivascular tissues. Compared to controls, the cleaved caspase-3, MIF and GRK2 were expressed at higher levels in the myocardial tissues of IGT rats.

CONCLUSIONSIGT in the prediabetes period resulted in cardiac dysfunction linked to abnormal glycogen storage and apoptosis. Additionally, MIF and GRK2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in prediabetes and their regulation may contribute to the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for those who have potential risks for diabetic cardiovascular complications.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Disease Models, Animal ; Echocardiography ; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases ; metabolism ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; pathology ; Rats ; Streptozocin ; toxicity

Adolescent ; Busulfan ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; mortality ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; mortality ; therapy ; Male ; Mycophenolic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; mortality ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the progesterone can promote fibronection (FN) synthesis by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to explore the potential underlying mechanism.

METHODSThe human bone marrow MSCs were cultured in a serum-free medium with progesterone for 72 hours, the MTT test was performed to observe the proliferation status and adhension ability of the treated cells. Western blot was used to detect the content of FN in MSDs with GAPDH as the internal reference, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, as well as the FN content in MSC treated by PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2.

RESULTSThe progesterone at a range of certain doses not effect on the proliferation of human bone marrow MSCs. Progesterone (25 µg/L) treatment enhanced the FN expression and adherent ability of marrow MSCs. Progesterone could induce prompt phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and its promoting effects on FN synthesis was reversed by PD98059.

CONCLUSIONThe progesterone can promote FN synthesis by human bone marrow MSCs via ERK 1/2 pathway, and it might be used to culture MSCs in serum-free medium.

Bone Marrow Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibronectins ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Phosphorylation ; Progesterone

Kangfu Xiaoyan Suppository is widely used in the treatment of gynecological inflammatory diseases. Long-term clinical application and a certain amount of research evidences show that Kangfu Xiaoyan Suppository can alleviate the clinical symptoms of pelvic inflammatory diseases,reduce the recurrence rate,and relieve sequelae,with a better safety and economic characteristics. As a type of nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine and type B medicine included in medical insurance,it has been selected as a Chinese patent medicine for rectal administration. It was included in the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of common gynecological diseases of traditional Chinese medicine published by the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2012,the Pelvic inflammatory diseases diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued by the Infectious Diseases Collaborative Group of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association in 2014,and the group standard of Single use of traditional Chinese medicine/combined antibiot guidelines for clinical practice-pelvic inflammatory diseases of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2017. To further enhance clinicians' understanding of the drug and better guide its rational clinical use,experts from the field of gynecology of traditional Chinese and Western medicine were invited to develop and compile this expert consensus. This consensus takes full account of clinical evidences and expert clinical experience,and form recommendations for clinical problems based on evidences and consensus recommendations for clinical problems without evidence by nominal grouping method. The expert consensus is mainly formed in the consideration of six factors: quality of evidence,economy,efficacy,adverse reactions,patient acceptability and others. Based on clinical research evidences and expert experience,this consensus provides a preliminary reference for the clinical use of the drug in a concise and clear format. However,evidence-based support is still required in a large number of high-quality studies,and this consensus will be revised in the future according to new clinical problems and the update of evidence-based evidence in practical application.
Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/drug therapy* ; Suppositories