Objective To explore the prognostic factors of osteosarcoma.Methods Clinical data of 32 cases with osteosarcoma were retrospectively reviewed.Sex,age,course of disease,serum level of alkaline phosphatase (AKP),tumor size,tumor site,Enneking surgical stage,surgical method and distant metastasis were statistically analyzed.Results All the patients were followed up,and 12 patients died with a median survival of 6-52 (40.28 ± 5.58) months.Overall survival rate of 3 years was 62.5％ (20/32).Univariate analysis revealed that the prognosts of osteosarcoma was significantly related to tumor site,Enneking surgical stage,surgical method and distant metastasis.Multivariate analysis suggested that Enneking surgical stage,surgical method and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions Enneking surgical stage,surgical method and distant metastasis are independent prognostic factors.Early diagnosis and the radical resection of tumor can improve the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the role of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody in the acute rejection of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation model of rats.Methods Pancreaticoduo- denal transplantation model was established from the donor F344 rats to the Lewis recipients(diabetes models).The models were divided into 4 groups:groups A,B,C and D with 12 rats in each group. Two days after transplantation,recipients were injected intraperitoneally with saline,CTLA4-Ig(200?g),anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody(200?g),CTLA4-Ig(200?g)combined with anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody(200?g)respectively.On the day 1,4,7,10 after transplantation,the grafts were harvested for histopathological examination and RT-PCR to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-2,interferon(IFN)-?,IL-4 and IL-10;The blood CD3~+,CD4~+and CD8~+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry.On the day 4 after transplantation,the CD4~+ CD25~+ T cells in the grafts were de- tected by flow cytometry.Results As compared with group A,the severity of the rejection of grafts in groups B,C and D were depressed;Down-regulation of IL-2 was observed in the groups B,C and D, and the levels in group D were lowest.Down-regulation of IFN-7 was detected in the groups B,C and D,but there was no significantly difference between groups D and B or groups D and C.Up-regulation of IL-4 was observed in the groups B and C,and the levels in group D were lower than in groups A,B and C.Up-regulation of IL-10 was observed in groups B and C,and there was significant difference between groups D and B or groups D and C.The CD3~+,CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells in groups B,C and D were less,but more CID4~+ CD25~+ T ceils in transplanted pancreas were observed,more notably in group D than in group C.Conclusions Combined use of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L monoclonal anti- body can remarkably diminish the severity of the rejection,which might be mediated by altering the balance in Th1/Th2 and increasing the number of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells.Co-stimulation blockade with CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody induction seems to be an attractive strategy to control allograft rejection.

The level of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R)was measured in 103 patientswith hepatitis B and 26 hepatitis B virus(HBV)carriers by enzyme-linked assay.The sIL-2Rconcentration were elevated significantly in each type of hepatitis B patients and HBV carriers,compared with control group(P

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotent stem cells, can replicate as undifferentiated cells and have the potential to differentiate into different lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage,endothelial, neural, smooth muscle, skeletal myoblasts, and cardiac myocyte cells. The ischemia-induced death of cardiomyocytes results in scar formation and reduced contractility of the ventricle. Several preclinical and clinical studies have supported the notion that MSCs therapy may be used for cardiac regeneration.When transplanted into the infracted heart, MSCs prevent deleterious remodeling and improve recovery, but the mechanism is not clear. In this work,we review evidence and new prospects that support the use of MSCs in cardiomyoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate Insertion/Deletion (InDel) polymorphism on the X chromosome and to screen 18 InDel loci for the Chinese Han population as a forensic DNA typing system auxiliary. METHODS: Eighteen X-InDel markers were selected using the Human Genome Browser and dbSNP database. Multiplex PCR primer pairs of selected X-InDel markers were designed using Primer 3 software and divided into 3 groups according to the amplified fragment length, labeled by FAM, HEX and TAMRA fluorescence dye, respectively. The population genetics research and comparative analysis of Chinese Han nationality and 4 main minorities, the Hui, Wei, Mongol, and Tibetan nationalities, were investigated with the system. RESULTS: A new multiplex genotyping system, named InDel X-18PLEX, was successfully developed and validated, consisted of 18 X-InDel markers on the X chromosome and 1 Amelogenin gender marker. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations was detected in the distribution of genotypes in the 5 investigated ethnic groups. However, there was significant difference between their distributions. From the investigation of Han nationality, high female (0.9999994) and male (0.999 88) overall discrimination power values were obtained, as well as high overall mean exclusion chance values in trios (0.999 992) and in duos (0.99). CONCLUSION InDel X-18PLEX meets the requirements as a forensic DNA complementary kit, providing effective supplementary analytical tools for difficult cases.
Amelogenin/genetics* ; Asian People ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA Primers ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVEThere is no safer way to transport a child than a school bus. Fatal crashes involving occupants are extremely rare events in the US. In recent years, school bus transportation began to develop in China. We want to bring advanced experience on school bus safety in Western countries such as the US to developing countries.

METHODSWe searched the papers related to school bus safety from Medline, Chinese Scientific Journals Database and the Web of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

RESULTSThere were only 9 papers related to school bus safety, which showed that higher levels of safety standards on school buses, school bus-related transportation and environmental laws and injury prevention were the primary reasons for the desired outcome. Few school bus is related to deaths and injuries in the developed countries.

CONCLUSIONSThe developing countries should make strict environmental laws and standards on school bus safety to prevent children's injury and death.

Accident Prevention ; Accidents, Traffic ; Child ; China ; Humans ; Motor Vehicles ; Safety Management ; legislation & jurisprudence ; methods ; Schools

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the forensic application value of 30 insertion/deletion (InDel) loci included in Investigator DIPplex Kit in Han and She nationalities of Eastern China. METHODS: A total of 565 unrelated individuals in Han nationality and 119 ones in She nationality of Eastern China were investigated using Investigator DIPplex Kit. Allele frequencies, population genetics parameters of the 30 InDel loci were statistically calculated. RESULTS: In Han nationality, the mean Ho was 0.413 3, the mean DP was 0.551 1, the mean PIC was 0.320 0. And in She nationality, the mean Ho was 0.389 6, the mean DP was 0.543 3, the mean PIC was 0.310 0. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in Han and She nationalities (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The 30 loci in Investigator DIPplex Kit show good genetic diversity in Han and She nationalities, and could be used as a supplemental tool for some special paternity cases.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of primary duct closure and T-tube drainage in laparoscopy choledochotomy to treat the common bile duct stones.

METHODSThe enrollment of the patients was in accordance with 6 criteria. 55 patients with cholecystolithiasis and secondary common bile duct stones from January 2000 to February 2003 were treated with laparoscopic choledochotomy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: primary duct closure group and T-tube drainage group. Their all data were recorded and studied prospectively,and patients were followed up after discharge.

RESULTSThere were 27 patients and 28 patients in primary duct closure group and T-tube drainage group respectively. The operation time and the results of following up between the two groups had no significant difference. Compared with T-tube drainage group, primary duct closure group had less the total quantity of postoperative transfusion and hospital costs, shorter postoperative hospital stay. The incidence of postoperative complications in primary duct closure group was 11.1% (3/27), and all of them were biliary complications. The incidence of postoperative complications in T-tube drainage group was 28.6% (8/28), and seven of them were biliary complications. The incidence of severe complications that needed reoperations was 10.7% (93/28), and all of them were caused by T-tubes. There was no mortality in two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe primary duct closure in laparoscopic choledochotomy can avoid the deficiency of T-tube drainage, and it is feasible and safe and lower complications in treating the common bile duct stones, so we advocate it in appropriate cases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Choledocholithiasis ; surgery ; Choledochostomy ; methods ; Drainage ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suture Techniques ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the function of radiosurgery on malignant glioma by analyzing prognostic factors affecting malignant gliomas treated with linac radiosurgery.

METHODFifty-eight patients with deep situated malignant gliomas, aged 7 to 70 years, 28 anaplastic astrocytomas and 30 glioblastomas multiforme were analyzed. The median volume of tumor was 10.67 cm3, and median prescription dose for linac radiosurgery was 20 Gy. Results were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression.

RESULTIn follow-up 44.8 percent tumors (26 patients) decreased in size. Median tumor local control interval was 10 months, 15 months for anaplastic astrocytomas, and 9 months for glioblastoma multiforme. Tumor local control probability was 37.9 percent for 1 year and 10.3 percent for 2 years. Median survival was 22.5 months for anaplastic astrocytoma, 13 months for glioblastoma multiforme, and 15 months for all patients. The survival probability was 79.3 percent at 1 year and 20.6 percent at 2 years. Isocenter numbers and tumor volume were the prognostic factors for tumor control, but conformity index was the prognostic factor for survival by Cox regression analysis. Considering pathology, only isocenter number and target volume significantly affected tumor control interval. Complications appeared in 44.8 percent patients and the median interval of complication onset was 8 months. Symptomatic cerebral edema was observed in 31.0 percent patients.

CONCLUSIONLinac radiosurgery can effectively improve tumor local control and prolong survival for deep situated malignant gliomas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Astrocytoma ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Brain Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioblastoma ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Radiosurgery ; Survival Rate

Since the release of On the Promotion of Hierarchical Diagnosis and Treatment System Construction Guidance in 2015,the relevant supporting policies have been introduced.That whether the classification system can continue to implement effectively,still needs the adjustment and protection of legal level.Therefore,in view of the current problems in the construction of the classification and treatment system,the paper conducts an in-depth investigation and analysis,and puts forward the ideas and suggestions for legislation to promote the construction of the classification and treatment system.