No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Follicular Fluid* ; Humans* ; Mice*

A study of effect of local hypothermia upon the paravertebral muscles which also become sensitized during spinal cord cooling was performed using cats. With a cuff, a cooler, to which was attached tubes connected to a refrigerator, the experimental technique was deviced to cool the paravertebral muscles locally at cervical and lumbar level. Cold, liquid saline at a temperature of 2.8+/-0.6 degrees C was circulated in closed system through the tube into the cuff which was snugly rested on the surface of paravertebral muscles as a heat exchanger. The temperature was measured at intervals of ten minutes with thermocouples before and during cooling for thirty minutes. In the muscle surface underneath the cuff, the mean precooling temperature of 30.1 degrees C in the normal muscle was lowered to 15.4 degrees C at the end of the first 10 minutes of cooling. After this initial rapid drop in temperature, there was a further gradual decrease of temperature to 13.6 degrees C at the end of 20 minutes of cooling. In the muscle 1cm beneath the cuff, the mean precooling temperature of 31.4 degrees C in the normal muscle was lowered to 17.3 degrees C at the end of first 10 minutes of cooling. After this initial rapid drop in temperature, there was a further gradual decrease of temperature to 16.2 degrees C at the end of 20 minutes of cooling. For comparison, the temperature in the clipped muscle and nonclipped muscle were also measured. The temperature in the clipped muscle surface was lower than that of non-clipped. Topical ice application resulted in rapid drop of temperature from 31.2 degrees C to 13.9 degrees C in skin, 32.3 degrees C to 13.1 degrees C in subcutaneous layer and 32.5 degrees C to 13.9 degrees C in muscle, simultaneously. Another aspect of this experiment was an evaluation of the protective effect of local hypothermia with respect to muscle injury associated with clipping, of muscles. The injured(clipped) muscles with or without local hypothermia was biopsied and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin and Hematoxylin Basic Funchsin Picric acid and sectioned specimens were observed under the light microscope. The clipped muscle examined thirty minutes after release of clipping showed 20~30% of red stain in HBFP stain. The normal muscle showed less than 5% of red stain in the field. In intermittent hypothermia, 2 minute cooling group showed 20% of red stain in the field. The clipped muscle with local hypothermia showed less red stain than that of non-hypothermia. The results of this study confirmed the belief that the cold liquid and ice of physiologic saline can be used in clinical neurosurgery for extravascular local cooling of scalp and paravertebral muscles and for irrigating or perfusing operative field.
Animals ; Cats ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Hematoxylin ; Hot Temperature ; Hypothermia ; Ice ; Muscles ; Neurosurgery ; Scalp ; Skin ; Spinal Cord

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Medicine* ; Internship and Residency*

No abstract avaiable.
Glucose* ; Homeostasis*

The goals of treatment in the injuries of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) are restoration of normal tibiofemoral stability and reduction of long term osteoarthrosis of the knee. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors on posterior stability and functional result after PCL reconstruction. From March 1996 to April 1997, twenty operation on PCL reconstruction were carried out in our hospital. The functional results according to the criteria of the Lysholm knee score and stress radiograph for posterior stability were evaluated. The average functional results evaluated by Lysholm knee score was 87. There was no significant difference in functional result according to selected grafted material, combined knee injury, type of injury and arthrotomy, etc. Difference in posterior tibial translation on average were 2.8mm in acute and 7.7mm in chronic injury. In posterolateral combined injury, average posterior tibial translation in pos- terolateral repair was 3.2mm and in posterolateral reconstruction was 9.4mm. In PCL reconstruction using hamstring with repair of PCL remnant was 2mm. In conclusion, to obtain the good result on posterior sta- bility, early PCL reconstruction using hamstring with repair of PCL remnant, and appropriate treatment on combined posterolateral injury were recommended.
Knee ; Knee Injuries ; Osteoarthritis ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Transplants

Sinus Schneiderian membrane elevation surgery is widely performed for dental implant placement in the maxillary posterior region. With regard to sinus elevation surgery, various complications can occur and lead to implant failure. For successful implants in the maxillary posterior region, the clinician must be well acquainted with sinus anatomy and pathology, a variety of bone graft materials, the principles of sinus elevation surgery, and prevention and management of complications.

In patients with insufficient bone height and width, the successful placement of dental implants is difficult with regards to maintaining an ideal pathway and avoiding important anatomical structures. Vertical and/or horizontal ridge augmentation may be necessary using various bone substitute materials and bone graft procedures. However, effective one-wall reconstruction has been challenging due to its poor blood supply and insufficient graft stability. In this paper, the authors summarize current evidence-based literature based on the author’s clinical experience. Regarding bone substitutes, it is advantageous for clinicians to select the types of bone substitutes including autogenous bone. The most important consideration is to minimize complications through principle-based ridge augmentation surgery. Ridge augmentation should be decided with complete consent of the patients due to the possible disadvantages of surgery, complications, and unpredictable prognosis.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a surgical procedure that utilizes bone grafts with barrier membranes to reconstruct small defects around dentalimplants. This procedure is commonly deployed on dehiscence or fenestration defects ≥2 mm, and mixing with autogenous bone is recommended onlarger defects. Tension-free primary closure is a critical factor to prevent wound dehiscence, which is critical cause of GBR failure. A barrier membrane should be rigidly fixed without mobility. If the barrier is exposed, closed monitoring should be utilized to prevent secondary infection.

Extraction socket preservation (ESP) is widely performed after tooth extraction for future implant placement. For successful outcome of implants after extractions, clinicians should be acquainted with the principles and indications of ESP. It is recommended that ESP be actively implemented in cases of esthetic areas, severe bone defects, and delayed implant placement. Dental implant placement is recommended at least 4 months after ESP.

Extraction socket preservation (ESP) is widely performed after tooth extraction for future implant placement. For successful outcome of implants after extractions, clinicians should be acquainted with the principles and indications of ESP. It is recommended that ESP be actively implemented in cases of esthetic areas, severe bone defects, and delayed implant placement. Dental implant placement is recommended at least 4 months after ESP.