No abstract available.
Mitral Valve*

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), karyotyping, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), electroencephalogram (EEG), tandem mass screening test, and newborn metabolic screening test in children with language delay for diagnosing underlying diseases. METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2007, a retrospective chart review was performed for 122 children with language delay who visited the Child Neurology Clinic at Yeungnam University Hospital and who underwent neuropsychologic tests and other diagnostic evaluations for underlying diseases. They were grouped into phenomenological diagnostic categories, and test results were analyzed according to the underlying diseases. RESULTS: Of 122 patients, 47 (38.5%) had mental retardation, 40 (32.8%) had developmental language disorders, 23 (18.9%) had borderline IQ, and 12 (9.8%) had autism spectrum disorder. In 26 (21.3%) cases, the causes or relevant clinical findings to explain language delay were found. Eight (10.4%) of 77 MRIs, 6 (8.0%) of 75 EEGs, and 4 (5%) of 80 BAEPs showed abnormal results. Results directly attributed to diagnosing underlying diseases were 2 hearing defects in BAEPs and 1 bilateral perisylvian cortical dysplasia in MRIs. No abnormal results were found in karyotyping, tandem mass screening tests, and newborn screening tests. CONCLUSION: Commonly used tests to diagnose the cause of language delay are not very effective and should only be used selectively, according to patient characteristics. However, despite the low diagnostic yields from these tests, because many patients show abnormal results, these tests are useful when conducted in complete evaluation.
Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotyping ; Language Development Disorders ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Mass Screening ; Neurology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy*

Metamorphopsia of different types have been noted in patients with posterior cerebral artery infarction, especially when the lesion is bilateral or occipitotemporal. Micropsia (objects appearing reduced in size) is commonly due to retinal disease, which causes displacement of the receptor cells. It can be hysterical in origin, but rarely micropsia is accompanied by occipitotemporal lesion. We present here a case of micropsia due to bilateral occipital infarction after coronary angiography (CAG). A 55 year-old male had experienced cortical blindness due to cerebral infarction following CAG. Brain CT reveals poorly defined low density lesions in bilateral occipital cortices. Brain SPECT shows perfusion defect in both occipital lobes with markedly decreased perfusion in left temporal area. Two weeks later, as he regains visual acuity, he complains of micropsia, I.e., his hands and fingers look small and the people outside the window looks very small like ants. This perverted visual illusion lasts about 15 days.
Ants ; Blindness, Cortical ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Coronary Angiography* ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Illusions ; Infarction* ; Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occipital Lobe ; Perfusion ; Retinal Diseases ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Vision Disorders* ; Visual Acuity

We monitored motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation to predict functional recovery of motor weakness after hemorrhage. We tried to elucidate the relationaship between suppression of MEPs and degrees of recovery in 20 patients with radiologically confirmed hypertenaive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), who showed varying degrees of hemiparesis. Magnetic stimulation and assessment of motor weakness were carried out within 7 days after ictus and approximately 3 months after hemorrhage. We found little correlation between changes of latencies and outcome of motor function. The absence of MEPs in acute stage indicated absolutely poor recovery of muscle strength. The presence of MEPs in the same period in patients with complete hemiplegia predicted some recovery of motor function. The suppression of amplitude was more accurate than prolongation of latency in predicting the functional recovery. We concluded that the presence of MEPs in acute stage can provide early prediction of functional recovery of motor weakness. When MEPs are present, treatment should be aggressively employed to achieve maximal recovery of motor function in the extremities.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Extremities ; Hematoma* ; Hemiplegia ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Paresis ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Delayed hypoxic encephalopathy is one of the most important neurologic sequelae in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) of cerebral cortices were measured in five patients with delayed CO encephalo'pathy confirmed by clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and five normal persons using "'Tc-HMPAO SPECT (technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxide single photon emission computed tomography). For the quantitative analysis, six pairs of region of interest in cerebral cortices and cerebellar hemispheres were determined. Among five regions to cerebellar ratios, those of superior and inferior frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices were significantly reduced (p<005). The degree of reduction in CBF was marked especially in frontal and temporal cortices and similar in both hemispheres. Early scan failed to predict delayed neurologic sequelae in one patient, but follow-up scan was well correlated with clinical improvement in another patient. Diffuse reduction of CBF in cerebral cortices was different from the anatomical MR findings. We think that reduced CBF in cerebral cortices is associated with clinical features of delayed carbon monoxide encephalopathy. Transient vascular mechan' ism or re duced cortical energy metabolism might be the cause of reduced CBF in cerebral cortices.
Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Energy Metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia, Brain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Poisoning ; Rabeprazole ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Ploidies* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Uterus*

Pseudoaneurysm is one of the undesirable complications of interventional cardiology procedures involving peripheral puncture site. Nowadays, it is not uncommon as a consequences of more complex interventional preocedures, larger catheters and prolonged anticoagulation treatment. Surgical repair has been mainstay of treatment for pesudoaneurysm. However, sucessful closures of pseudoaneurysms have been reported recently by using direct compression guided by color doppler ultrasound. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm in femoral artery, which was developed at the right inguinal puncture site in 38 year old male patient with unstabel angina who had received continuous intravenous infusion of heparin and had undergone coronary angiography treated successfully with direct compression guided by color doppler ultrasound.
Adult ; Aneurysm, False* ; Cardiology ; Catheters ; Coronary Angiography ; Femoral Artery* ; Heparin ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Punctures ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Heterografts*

No abstract available.
Aminophylline* ; Humans* ; Ritodrine* ; Uterus*