No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Humans* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Skin*

The initial severe and disabling symptoms of vestibular dysfunction diminish gradually by a process of compensation. Although the process is complex and not fully understood, knowledge of the extent of compensation makes physicians to identify the causes and to determine treatment choices of the dysfunction. In this report we present 2 common cases of peripheral vestibulopathy that result from different disease processes, and review the physiologic and functional changes as the compensation proceeds that can be evaluated by vestibular function tests including electronystagmography(ENG), rotation chair, and dynamic posturography. These tests are valuable tools in the assessment of the degree of compensation as well as the side and site of lesions in vestibulopathy.
Compensation and Redress* ; Vestibular Function Tests

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are caloric test, SCEP, DP in Step velocity and VOR asymmetry in SHA test as parameters for evaluation in unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy in parameter of vestibular function test. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between these parameters and intensity of spontaneous nystagmus in vestibular neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We evaluated 75 patients who were diagnosed as vestibular neuritis with 3 degree spontaneous nystagmus at vestibular function test lab from January 2000 to July 2005 in Dankook university hospital. The correlations between direction and intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and monothermal caloric test, SCEP and DP in step velocity, VOR asymmetry (0.01, 0.04, 0.16 Hz) in SHA test were analysed. And correlations according to sex, age were also analysed. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and monothermal caloric test was 0.60. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and SCEP was 0.35. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and Tc DP was 0.36 and it showed no significant correlation. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and VOR asymmetry (0.01, 0.04, 0.16) was 0.57, 0.46, 0.51, respectively and there was higher correlation in man, age under 60. CONCLUSION: Intensity of spontaneous nystagmus showed close relations to monothermal caloric test, VOR asymmetry of SHA, Tc DP, SCEP DP in sequence. In addition, young male patients tends to be closely related to intensity of spontaneous nystagmus.
Caloric Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Vestibular Function Tests* ; Vestibular Neuronitis*

Metastatic tumor of the skull base is uncommon. Diagnosis of the tumor is difficult without any associated evidence of another malignancy. It is distinguished from other benign or primary malignant tumor by rapid progression of symptoms, associated neurologic signs, and lytic or infiltrative lesion in imaging work-up study. Recently authors experienced one case of a posterior skull base adenocarcinoma metastasized from the prostate. Patient's initial complaints were hoarseness and aspiration due to vocal cord paralysis. He also complained of longstanding headache. On examination he had multiple cranial nerve paralyses of CN VII, VIII, X, XI, and XII. Radiologic study showed diffuse skull base lesion. Transmastoid biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. With thorough examination a prostatic mass was found and proved to be the origin of the metastatic adenocarcinoma after transurethral biopsy. The patient was treated with "Flutamide".
Adenocarcinoma* ; Biopsy ; Cranial Nerves ; Diagnosis ; Headache ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis ; Prostate* ; Skull Base* ; Skull* ; Vocal Cord Paralysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of head trauma is increasing, with vertigo or dysequilibrium being the major disability when returning to normal activities. However, the lack of understanding of and appropriate diagnostic methods for dizziness inhibits effective treatment and rehabilitation. We identified the vestibular status of the head trauma patients complaining of dizziness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed electronystagmography battery, rotational chair test and posturography on 79 patients who previously had had head trauma. The patients were then divided according to the five types of head trauma. RESULT: The results of the vestibular function tests(VFT) of the 79 patients were analyzed to give five distinct types: 23 central types(29.1%), 21 peripheral types(26.6%), 5 mixed types(6.3%), 14 non-localizing types(17.7%), and 16 normal types(20.3%). The most common VFT finding of the intracranial lesion group was the central type(70.6%), whereas that of the temporal bone fracture group was the peripheral type(45%). The combined lesion group did not show any single predominant VFT finding. The normal type(33.3%) was the most common fingding in the inapparent head trauma group. CONCLUSION: Although there is some tendency that the vestibular function status of head trauma patients corresponds to the clinical presentations, it did not coincide with many of the patients in this study. This means that the vestibular function tests should be thoroughly performed in head trauma patients complaining of dizziness, so that the patients may be evaluated more accurately and treated better.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Dizziness* ; Electronystagmography ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rehabilitation ; Temporal Bone ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Function Tests*

BACKGROUND: Mu-receptor antagonists are considered effective for the treatment of epidural morphine induced pruritus (EMIP). However, they have been associated in certain cases with a concomitant reduction in analgesia. It is noteworthy that propofol has been shown to produce marked spinal depression, in particular of the dorsal and ventral horn. Recently it was reported that subhypnotic doses of propofol were efficient in relieving EMIP. This study was designed to investigate an effective minimum dose of propofol. METHODS: After obtaining informed consent from patients and with IRB approval, 155 patients having cesarean section received an epidural morphine 3 mg bolus, and 4 mg/day with continuous infusion for 2 days via a Baxter infusor(R). Patients who had pruritus with scratching were allocated randomly to one of the three groups. Patients received 10 mg propofol intravenously in group I (n = 25), 20 mg in group II (n = 25) and 30 mg in group III (n = 25). Pruritus and the level of sedation were assessed 5 minutes later using 5 points pruritus rating scale (PRS) and 4 points sedation rating scale (SRS). Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients showed pruritus with scratching (PRS > or = 3). The success rate was significantly greater in the group II (76%) and group III (80%) than in the group I (48%) (P < 0.05). Seven patients had an increase in sedation in the group III versus none in the group I and group II (P < 0.05). The beneficial effect of treatment was longer than 60 minutes in 100% of patients in group I, II and III. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 20 mg propofol and 30 mg propofol intravenously are equally effective in treating EMIP than 10 mg propofol. However the level of sedation is significantly less in 20 mg propofol group than 30 mg propofol group.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Cesarean Section ; Depression ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Horns ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Morphine* ; Pregnancy ; Propofol* ; Pruritus*

Generalized pustular skin eruptions as a form of drug eruption is a rare entity. Recently this unique pustular dermatosis has been termed as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. We report on a 19-year-old man with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis probably induced by ampicillin. The patient presented with erythematous and pinhead-sized subcorneal pustules after taking ampicillin for abdomimal pain. The patient complained of high fever and malaise. On further review of his history, generalized skin eruptions had been noted on at least three other occasions. Each episode occured following oral administration of antibiotics. A histological examination of a skin biposy specimen showed a subcorneal pustules with a few neutrophils, dermal edema and necrotic keratinocytes. After discontinuation of ampicillin, the eruption cleared within 4 days.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis* ; Administration, Oral ; Ampicillin* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug Eruptions ; Edema ; Fever ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Reperfusion after acute ischemia is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality due to the ischemic injury itself and the following myonephropathic metabolic syndrome, in spite of complete revascularization. Therefore, we attempted to verify the difference in reperfusion injury with or without pre-reperfusion intravascular rinsing in a canine acute limb ischemia model. METHOD: We used five female mongrel dogs. Complete acute hind limb ischemia was induced by infrarenal aortic and bilateral femoral artery clamping for 8 hours. We divided the dogs into two groups. In the rinse group (RG): three dogs were declamped with intravascular rinsing, and in the non-rinse group (non-RG): two dogs were declamped without any additional procedures. The perfusate solution was infused through both femoral arteries and was drained via both femoral veins. Serial blood samples were obtained four times. The gastrocnemius muscles were biopsied 3 days after reperfusion. RESULT: The results at preischemia, just before, 30 min, and 3 days after reperfusion were as follows: Creatine phosphokinase (CK) was 204, 1031, 1373, and 443 (IU/L) in the RG and 159, 3855, 6345, and 5455 (IU/L) in the non-RG. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 177, 248, 173, and 232 (IU/L) in the RG and 95, 508, 638, and 878 (IU/L) in the non-RG. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was 23, 50, 43, and 42 (IU/L) in the RG and 19, 118, 154, and 399 (IU/L) in the non-RG. Potassium (K) was 5.7, 5.8, 5.4, and 4.0 (mEq/L) in the RG and 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, and 5.3 (mEq/L) in the non-RG. Muscle injury in the non-RG was more severe than in the RG. CONCLUSION: There was a considerable difference between the groups in the CK, LDH and AST levels and the muscle biopsy findings. The results showed that the intravascular rinsing provided beneficial effects in reperfusion injury acute limb ischemia.
Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biopsy ; Constriction ; Creatine Kinase ; Dogs ; Extremities* ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Mortality ; Muscles ; Potassium ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most of the vestibular function tests are tests of horizontal semicircular canal function, and those of the otolithic function are limited for use in the clinical setting. Static otolithic dysfunction can be evaluated by ocular counterrolling (OCR) and subjective visual horizontal (SVH). The authors performed this study to confirm the usefulness of OCR and SVH in assessing otolithic function in unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OCR and SVH were measured in 10 unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy patients and their results were compared with those of 10 normal controls. Correlation between the OCR and the SVH was analyzed. The degree of the OCR and the SVH of the patients was compared with gain and asymmetry in the slow harmonic acceleration (SHA) rotation chair test. RESULTS: The OCR of the patients was 3.90+/-5.90degrees inclined toward the lesion side, and was significantly greater when compared with that of control group (1.15+/-1.13degrees) (p<0.05). The patient group aligned the horizontal luminous bar toward the lesion side by 2.95+/-2.78degrees, which differed significantly from the normal mean, 0.11+/-0.16degrees (p<0.01). The tilt of the SVH in the patients was correlated with their OCR's (r=0.84, p<0.05). Correlation between the gain and asymmetry in the SHA rotation chair test, and the degree of the otolothic hypofunction (OCR and SVH) proved to be nearly absent. CONCLUSION: The measurement of the OCR or the SVH may be useful in assessing asymmetries in otolith function in unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy.
Acceleration ; Humans ; Otolithic Membrane* ; Semicircular Canals ; Vestibular Function Tests