1.A Review of Occupational Injury Research In Malaysia
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2016;71(3 Suppl.):100-104
A literature review of 16 papers on occupational injury
research in Malaysia published during a 13-year period from
2000-2013 was carried out. The objective of this review and
article selection was based on relevance to the research
theme and mention of areas for future research. Most of the
publications have focused on descriptive epidemiology,
management practices, worker’s knowledge, attitude,
training, and rehabilitation services. The transportation,
agriculture and construction sectors were found to be the
most hazardous sectors and would benefit the most from
Occupational Safety & Health (OSH) research and
interventions. There is a strong need to develop a national
injury surveillance system and also a mechanism to ensure
adherence to the Occupational Safety & Health Act(OSHA)
1994. Detailed description and identification of risk factors
for occupational injury in the environment, including
machinery and equipment used was generally lacking.
Future research on occupational injury should focus on
surveillance to determine the magnitude of occupational
injuries, determination of risk factors, identifying costeffective
interventions (such as enforcement of OSHA
regulations), and assessment of rehabilitation services.
Relevant government agencies, universities, corporate
sector and occupational safety organizations need to play a
proactive role in identifying priority areas and research
capacity building. Funding for occupational injury should be
commensurate with the magnitude of the problem.
Occupational Injuries
;
Accidents, Occupational
2.Ectopic Lingual Thyroid Presenting with Nasal Twang and Hemoptysis
Krishnan Prasad ; Kakkanatt Babu Anuradha
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2015;22(2):73-75
Ectopic lingual thyroid is a rare developmental anomaly. It is caused by aberrant embryogenesis during the thyroid descent to the neck. It may remain asymptomatic or present with dysphagia, hemoptysis, dyspnoea or dysphonia. Clinically, it presents as a mass lesion on the base of the tongue. The most important diagnostic tool for an ectopic lingual thyroid is the 99mTc radionuclide scan, but imaging modalities such as computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging may also help to assess its location and extent and to rule out the presence of normal thyroid tissue in the thyroid bed. The management of an ectopic thyroid remains controversial. No treatment is required for asymptomatic patients in the euthyroid state. Patients with hypothyroidism should be treated with thyroid hormone substitution therapy. Malignant transformation is an indication for complete surgical resection. Ablative radioiodine therapy can be considered for older patients and those who are unfit for surgery. In complicated cases, surgical resection is recommended through the transoral, transhyoid or lateral pharyngectomy approach. We report a case of ectopic lingual thyroid in a 35-year-old man who presented with nasal twang and hemoptysis.
3.Cost of antiepileptic drugs in India
Anand Krishnan, Ritvik ; Debashish Chowdhury
Neurology Asia 2007;12(Supplement 1):42-43
6.Pseudocyst of Ear
Kar ; Atul Mohankar ; Ajay Krishnan ; Nitin Gangane
Malaysian Journal of Dermatology 2012;29(-):27-29
Pseudocyst of the auricle is a rare, asymptomatic, cystic, swelling of the upper portion
of the auricle. It results from spontaneous collection of an oily, serous fluid within an
unlined intracartilaginous cavity1. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition
is not known. Although various medical and surgical therapeutic approaches have
been described, the treatment of pseudocyst of auricle is difficult and recurrences are
frequent2.
9.Unilateral ovarian fibrothecoma with menorrhagia
Danendran Krishnan ; Komal Kumar ; Anitha Ann Thomas
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 2014;36(1):55-58
Ovarian fibrothecoma is a relatively new term that is used to describe an ovarian sex cord stromal
tumour that has mixed features of both fibroma and thecoma. The prevalence of ovarian fibrothecoma
tumours is very rare and is reported to be about 1.2% of all ovarian tumours. We report a case of
a 32-year-old woman who presented with acute menorrhagia with no previous medical, surgical
or gynecological history. She was amenorrhic for four years after the insertion of a levonorgestrelreleasing
intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for contraception. The efficacy and location of LNG-IUS
was reflected due to the sudden onset of menorrhagia. On pelvic examination and ultrasound the
LNG-IUS could not be visualized and a uterine fibroid was noted. A diagnostic laparoscopy was
done to identify the LNG-IUS, which revealed an incidental large ovarian mass on the left ovary.
CA-125 level was elevated to 45 kU/L (Normal range <35 kU/L). Total abdominal hysterectomy, left
salpingo-oopherectomy and cystectomy were performed. On histopathology, the mass was proven
to be an ovarian fibrothecoma. No signs of malignancy were noted on peritoneal fluid cytology.
The LNG-IUS was found inside the uterus. Our case is reported on the basis of the rare incidence
of ovarian fibrothecoma and the possible effect it may have on the efficacy of LNG-IUS causing
menorrhagia.
Menorrhagia
;
Fibroma
;
Thecoma
;
Ovarian Neoplasms
10.Survival Difference between Surgery Versus Non-Surgery for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at Liver Centre, Malaysia
Azmawati MN1 ; Azmi MT 1 ; Krishnan R2
Journal of Surgical Academia 2011;1(2):10-18
Hepatic resection, the only treatment that offers long term survival for patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have shown significant improvement in results over the past decades. The aim of the study was to compare the survival between patients receiving and not receiving surgery. A retrospective cohort study measured the survival of newly diagnosed cases of HCC patients who underwent treatment in Selayang Hospital from 1 January 2003 till 31 December 2006. Survival time was measured from the date of diagnosis until the subjects died or until the end of study period (31 December 2007). Overall survival was significantly longer in surgery group in comparison with non-surgery group with a median survival of 43 and 20 months, respectively (p<0.001). The following factors were noted to have improved survival duration with surgical resection; Child Pugh Class B patients, tumor size less or more than 4cm and number of nodules less than 3. Subgroup analysis showed improved survival duration with surgical resection among patients with Child Pugh Class B with tumor size less than 4cm or with nodule less than 3 and patients who had less than 3 nodules, even with tumor size of less or more than 4cm. Multivariate Cox Re-gression showed surgical intervention significantly improved survival time for overall patients (Adjusted HR: 1.5) while non-surgery improved survival in patients with tumor size less than 4cm (Adjusted HR: 0.4). Surgical resection significantly improved the survival duration in overall patients while non-surgical procedure improved survival if the tumor size was less than 4cm.