Objective:To evaluate and summarize the best evidence of health workers respiratory protection during aerosol-generating procedures in patients with acute respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:We searched EBM Guidelines, Essential Evidence Plus, Dynamed, UpToDate, JBI, BMJ, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, NICE, AARC, PubMed, EMbase, CKNI, Wanfang to collect related literature including guidelines,evidence summary, recommended practices, standards, consensus and systematic reviews.Results:A total of 20 articles were included, including 10 guidelines, 1 consensus, 2 standards, 2 evidence summaries, and 5 systematic reviews. 24 best evidences including aerosol-generating procedures, training of protective equipment using, principles of protective equipment using, protective equipment using, aerosol operating environment control and medical staff self-monitoring were summarized.Conclusion:The study integrated the best evidence of healthcare workers respiratory protection during aerosol-generating procedures in patients with acute respiratory infectious disease. It is recommended to combine the current status of institutional protection resources and clinical practice experience to promote the conversion of the best evidence to clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the role of the percentage of the total cross-sectional area of small pulmonary vessels for the lung area (%CSA) from multi-slice CT (MSCT) in evaluating the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods One hundred and sixty-six COPD patients and 166 normal subjects underwent chest MSCT scans and all data were analyzed retrospectively. COPD patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFT), including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), and were classified into mild (n=32), moderate (n=65), severe (n=69) groups according to pulmonary function results, respectively. The%CSA less than 5 mm2 and 5—10 mm2 for the lung area (%CSA<5 and %CSA5-10) of small pulmonary vessels were measured with Image J image-processing program. Comparison of%CSA<5 and%CSA5-10 between the COPD and control groups was perfomred using t test, and the comparison between the 3 COPD subgroups and control group were carried out using ANOVA test. The correlation between %CSA and PFT was evaluated by the Spearman rank correlation test. The sensitivity and specificity of %CSA to diagnose COPD and the best cutoff were calculated from areas under the ROC curves. Results %CSA<5 of COPD patients and control group were (0.56 ± 0.19)%and (0.82 ± 0.15)%(t=12.80, P<0.001), respectively.%CSA5-10 of the two groups were (0.19 ± 0.09)%and (0.33 ± 0.16)%(t=8.93,P<0.001), respectively. The AUC values of%CSA<5 and%CSA5-10 were 0.866 and 0.790, respectively. When the cut-off values of%CSA<5 and%CSA5-10 were 0.65%and 0.24%, the sensitivities and specificities were 88%and 71%, 76%and 81%, respectively. The mean values of%CSA<5 in mild, moderate and severe groups were (0.67±0.20)%, (0.61±0.16)%and (0.44±0.14)%, respectively (P<0.05). The mean values of %CSA5-10 in the three groups were (0.19 ± 0.06)%, (0.19 ± 0.10)% and (0.20 ± 0.08)%, respectively.%CSA5-10 in the three groups were of no significant difference (P>0.05). FEV1%and FEV1/FVC in COPD patients were (60.38±15.52)%and 57.95±22.27.%CSA<5 in COPD patients correlated positively with both FEV1%and FEV1/FVC (r=0.609 and 0.721, P<0.01, respectively).%CSA5-10 in COPD patients correlated positively with both FEV1%and FEV1/FVC (r=0.271 and 0.288, P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion The measurement of%CSA<5 and%CSA5-10 in MSCT images correlated with PFTs and%CSA<5, which may play an important role in evaluating the severity of COPD.

Objective To preliminarily identify the nursing interventions and activities for inpatients with pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in different levels based on Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Methods Evidence-based clinical practices and literatures about nursing activities of patients with ventilation dysfunction were reviewed, and took full advantage of their function with clinical follow-up. Firstly, 6 clinical nursing specialists were consulted by a questionnaire survey, which was based on the initial screened nursing interventions and activities from NIC. Then, 22 experts were consulted twice. Results The expert authority coefficient was 0. 80 on average and the positive coefficient of experts were 95. 83% and 100. 00%. The established nursing programs related to function included 31 interventions and 258 activities which ranging from extremely severe to mild was 30 ( 252 ) , 20 ( 143 ) , 19 ( 103 ) , 6 ( 25 ) , 5 ( 19 ) , respectively. The nursing specialists consistency of selected interventions was 90. 9% to 100%. The selected activities scored 4. 00 to 5. 00 in average, with the coefficient of variations ranging from 0 to 0. 25. Conclusions The preliminarily established nursing interventions and activities are easy to communicate and can guide the clinical nursing practice.

Objective To explore the effect of optimization training and assessment mechanism on the improvement of clinical ability among young nurses .Methods Totals of 62 young nurses working under three years were randomly selected .The observed changes in basic theories , basic operations , special operation examination and clinical working ability were tested before and after the optimization training and assessment mechanism.Results The percentage of nurses ’ passing the tests in basic theories , basic operations , and special operation examination were 61.29%, 70.97%, 74.19%, respectively, before the optimization training , and 85.48%, 91.94%, 90.32% after twelve months of the optimization training .The differences were significant (χ2 =8.093, 7.687, 4.476, respectively; P <0.05 ).Three, six, twelve months after the optimization training and assessment mechanism , the mean scores of clinical ability assessment were (78.56 ± 1.23), (82.22 ±2.13), (89.25 ±1.65), respectively.There were significantly differences between three months and six months (t=19.827, P=0.000), between twelve months and six months (t=14.828, P=0.000), between twelve months and three months (t=48.728, P=0.000).Conclusions Effective clinical training and assessment mechanism may improve young nurses ’ clinical working ability and contribute to continuous improvement .

Objective To establish an illness perception intervention program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and preliminarily analyse its application effect.Methods On the basis of systematic retrieval,a draft of the illness perception intervention program for patients with COPD was formed through content analysis.From May to August 2022,after 2 rounds of expert consultation,the illness perception intervention program for patients with COPD was formed.Patients with COPD who were hospitalized in the respiratory departments of 2 hospitals in Jiangsu Province from December 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling method.The experimental group was treated with the illness perception intervention program,while the control group was treated with routine nursing.The effects of the 2 groups were compared by Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,Modified British Medical Research Council、Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire、Acceptance and Action Questionnaire Ⅱ,COPD Assessment Test,COPD Self-management Scale before and after intervention,and a month after intervention.Results The illness perception intervention program for patients with COPD included 6 intervention topics and 24 specific intervention items.In the 2 rounds of correspondence,the expert group authority coefficient was 0.81,and the Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.19 and 0.16 in the second round(all P＜0.001).In the intervention study,the recruitment rate of patients was 56％;the withdrawal rate was 15％;and the high compliance rate was 80％.Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was an interaction effect between the scores of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire Ⅱ of the 2 groups(P＜0.05).The differences in the scores of Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,COPD Assessment Test,Self-management Scale between the 2 groups were statistically significant in terms of time effect(P＜0.05),and the differences in the scores of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire Ⅱ between the 2 groups were statistically significant in terms of main effect(P＜0.05).Conclusion The established illness perception intervention program for patients with COPD is scientific,feasible and effective,and it can provide practical references for clinical healthcare workers to promote illness perception and improve negative psychology in patients with COPD.

Objective To understand the current status of implicit theory derivation forms and applications in the health field at home and abroad,and to provide references for clinical practice and future research.Methods In accordance with the scoping review framework,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,PsycINFO,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed were searched for relevant studies.The time limit for the search was from the establishment of the databases to 10 March 2024.Results A total of 45 articles were included in the study,including 24 articles on health behaviour and 21 articles on mental health,covering 14 derivations of implicit theories such as implicit health theory,implicit weight theory and implicit emotion theory.The main intervention process of implicit theories can be summarised as 3 major steps:belief-led intervention,attention examination and outcome testing.Conclusion The research value of implicit theory in the field of health has been gradually explored,and it is an important antecedent to improve individual health behaviors and mental health,and its brief and effective intervention model is more compatible with the characteristics of nursing work,so domestic and foreign nursing researchers can learn from the relevant research results to further optimize the strategies of health education,preventive guidance,and psychological care,and to carry out high-quality studies to validate them.

Objective:To evaluate the influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with sarcopenia by Meta-analysis, so as to provide evidence-based basis for early prevention of sarcopenia.Methods:The literature on the influencing factors of COPD patients with sarcopenia was searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Embase. The search period was from database establishment to April 3, 2023. Stata 17.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, including 13 cross-sectional studies and one cohort study. There were 1 921 COPD patients, of which 591 were complicated with sarcopenia. A total of 8 influencing factors were extracted. The analysis results showed that age [ OR=1.09, 95% confidence interval ( CI) : 1.06-1.12, P<0.01], the Global for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade ( OR=8.83, 95% CI: 1.88-41.53), P<0.01), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) score ( OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.30-3.40, P<0.01), BMI ( OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.56-0.76, P<0.01), forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) ( OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P<0.01) were influencing factors for COPD patients with sarcopenia, while smoking, gender and TNF-α were not influencing factors for COPD patients with sarcopenia. Conclusions:Age, GOLD grade, mMRC score, BMI and FEV 1/FVC were influencing factors for COPD complicated with sarcopenia. Clinical medical and nursing staffs should pay attention to key populations and conduct early screening and prevention of sarcopenia.

The self-care level of patients with chronic diseases changes over time, and trajectories can describe this dynamic process. This paper reviews the concept, origin, development and self-care trajectory of chronic disease patients in order to understand the current self-care trajectory, influencing factors and self-care intervention programs of chronic disease patients, and to look forward to the development of chronic disease self-care in China. It lays the foundation for the formulation of self-care intervention programs for patients with chronic diseases in China, so as to comprehensively and permanently improve the self-care level of patients with chronic diseases.