No abstract available.
Obesity

No abstract available.
Obesity

BACKGROUND: The previous obesity research studies suggested that it is necessary to analyze effect size of physical education on obesity prevention. The purpose of the present study was to investigate research trends on the impact of physical education on childhood and adolescent obesity. METHODS: Initially, 295 studies were collected from research databases. The collected studies highlighted the relationship between physical education and obesity for various age groups. Finally, 39 studies were selected for an analysis of research trends based on the screening steps designed for the present study. RESULTS: The results showed that research studies conducted in Korea had limited ranges of researcher majors, scale of participants, and duration of research compared to research studies in foreign countries. These results indicate that inter-discipline research activity and longitudinal study are not yet popular in Korea. The results of the meta-analysis show no significant change in variables related to obesity including body composition and medical conditions. Although individual studies reported a statistically significant change in participant conditions after physical education, the analysis of combined data shows that the effects of physical education on obesity were not meaningful. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that it is necessary to design more practical physical education programs based on the theoretical background of contents and teaching strategies in order to improve the practicality of physical education programs for preventing and reversing obesity.
Body Composition ; Humans ; Korea ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mass Screening ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Physical Education and Training

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the association between physical activity and body fatness with serum vitamin D level in older adults. METHODS: A total of 233 older adults (39 men and 194 women) aged older than 65 years were voluntarily recruited from a local community. Physical activity was monitored using a uniaxial accelerometer. Body fatness was measured using a standardized protocol. Subjects were classified as sufficient (>30 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29 ng/mL), or deficient (<20 ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D level. Pearson correlation analyses were used to calculate bivariate correlations between variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio of serum vitamin D inadequacy. RESULTS: There were linear increases in physical activity parameters including daily steps (P<0.001), low-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), moderate-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), and high-intensity physical activity (P<0.001) and linear decreases in body fatness parameters such as body mass index (P=0.039) and waist circumference (P=0.020) across incremental vitamin D levels. Vitamin D level was positively associated with daily steps (P<0.001), low-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), moderate-intensity physical activity (P<0.001), and high-intensity physical activity (P<0.001) and negatively associated with body mass index (P=0.001), percentage body fat (P=0.005), and waist circumference (P=0.003). Compared to the active group (reference), the inactive group (P=0.001) had a significantly higher odd ratio for serum vitamin D deficiency even after adjusting for age and sex (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that physical activity and vitamin D supplementation should be promoted for healthy aging.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Aging ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Odds Ratio ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins ; Waist Circumference

BACKGROUND: It has not been determined which obesity index might be most appropriate to predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the waist-to-height ratio in assessing patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and to identify the optimal cut-off values useful for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted in order to assess the accuracy of the waist circumference, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio for detecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among 616 women aged 20 years or older. To evaluate the optimal value of anthropometric indices, the Youden J-index (sensitivity+specificity-1) was used. RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve of waist-to-height ratio was highest among anthropometric obesity indices as follows: 0.776 (0.731-0.822) for waist circumference, 0.775 (0.728-0.822) for body mass index, and 0.792 (0.748-0.836) for waist-to-height ratio, respectively. Using a waist-to-height ration cut-off value of 0.49, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were 72.3 % and 74.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that the waist-to-height ratio may be a better obesity index for identifying individuals at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean women.
Anthropometry ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Mass Index ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Body Composition ; Humans

Vasoconstriction is regulated by various ion channels expressed in the plasma membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells. In particular, potassium (K+) channel activity determines resting membrane potential and regulates intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling. A number of studies have suggested that dysregulation of K+ channel activity is associated with increased myogenic tone or diminished vasorelaxation. Among the various families of K+ channels, voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv channels) encoded by the KCNQ gene family (Kv7 channels or M channels) are widely expressed in various blood vessels isolated from mouse, rat, and human. Recent studies have demonstrated that a subunit of the Kv7 channel, Kv7.4, is down-regulated in the aorta and mesenteric and renal arteries of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) model. Previous studies have also suggested that Kv7 channels play an important role in the regulation of vasorelaxation/vasoconstriction in response to activators/blockers. In addition, previous studies have indicated that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular disease result in development of vascular dysfunction associated with Kv7 abnormalities in various animal models. This review focuses on the potential role of the Kv7 channel in vascular dysfunction.
Animals ; Aorta ; Blood Vessels ; Calcium ; Cell Membrane ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Ion Channels ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Potassium ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Renal Artery ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation

Weight loss of as little as 5-10% can result in improvement in cardiovascular and metabolic risks associated with obesity. Despite use of any weight loss intervention, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological, approximately 50% of obese patients achieve a modest weight loss of 5% of initial body weight. Thus, it might be useful to predict weight-loss effectiveness at the beginning of treatment for establishment of an individually tailored strategy to effectively treat obesity. This review provides an overview of emerging biomarkers as pre-treatment predictors of weight loss or weight regain after intentional weight reduction in obese patients. Results suggests that leptin, aspartate transaminase, and circadian rhythm play roles as pre-treatment predictors of weight-loss effectiveness; retinol-binding protein 4, total testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin as predictors of weight regain; and fasting glucose as a predictor of successful long-term weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biomarkers ; Body Weight ; Circadian Rhythm ; Fasting ; Gastric Bypass ; Glucose ; Humans ; Leptin ; Obesity ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; Testosterone ; Weight Loss

After discussion about the need to develop an obesity educator training program and certification for obesity educators, the Education Committee of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity has developed and determined the main theme for the Obesity Educator Training Program implemented as a workshop and public hearing. We reviewed the process of the determination of the main theme and discuss topics such as subjects, operation of the program, and certification processing to design a credible obesity educator training program.
Certification ; Education ; Hearing ; Obesity

No abstract available.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins