No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Obesity

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Obesity

BACKGROUND: Obesity-induced insulin resistance is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, as potential mechanisms of increased insulin, how oxidative stress (OS) advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can be changed through exercise is not fully understood. METHODS: A total of 36 C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD; n=19) or chow diet (Chow; n=17) for 7 weeks. The two groups were then divided into voluntary running wheel exercise or no-exercise subgroups each, and the four groups were provided with another 8 weeks of intervention: 1) HFD+exercise (HE; n=11), 2) HFD+no exercise (HN; n=8), 3) Chow+exercise (CE; n=8), and 4) Chow+no exercise (CN; n=9). Body weight, fasting insulin level, and AGEs were measured before and after intervention. ANOVA and Pearson's multiple correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis using SPSS statistics software version 20.0. RESULTS: The HE group showed significantly greater weight reduction (P<0.01), while CE and CN did not show significantly different weight reductions between each other. Also, the fasting insulin level was significantly lower in the HE group than in the HN group. The 7-week HFD intervention significantly increased OS and AGEs. However, 8 weeks of exercise did not significantly change OS and AGEs among the groups. CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study suggest that OS and AGEs may not be related to the pathway of exercise-induced improvement in insulin levels in obese mice.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fasting ; Glycosylation End Products, Advanced ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Oxidative Stress ; Risk Factors ; Running ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Skipping family gathered meals, because of lack of time due to increased academic demands, leads to nutritional imbalance and further contributes to obesity among children and teens. This study was conducted to underscore the importance of family gathered meals and to serve as a basis for reducing the prevalence of childhood obesity. METHODS: The relation between frequency of family gathered meals and body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) was assessed at 247 elementary students in Gyeonggi-do. Survey based on self reported questionnaire was conducted from April to May of 2013. Parental consents from participants were received and parents were asked to answer the questionnaire together with their children. The questionnaire included questions regarding anthropometric characteristics, socioeconomic informations, number and environmental characteristics of family gathered meals, and eating habits of their children. RESULTS: The average frequency of family gathered breakfast was 3.65+/-2.18 times/week, frequency of family gathered dinner was 6.10+/-1.54 times/week, and frequency of family eating-out was 1.64+/-1.43 times/week. Although the prevalence of family gathered breakfast among the participants was shown to be 51%, the prevalence of skipping breakfast was 14.2%, which was relatively high. The BMI-SDS increased in correlation with less frequent breakfast consumptions (P=0.015) and family gathered breakfasts (P<0.001), also with more frequent family gathered dinners (P=0.001) and family eating-outs (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The eating frequency of breakfast, family gathered breakfast, family gathered dinner, and the family eating-out is associated with BMI-SDS.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Child ; Eating ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Meals ; Obesity ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of caloric restriction on thigh intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and the associations of IMAT and metabolic risk factors. METHODS: Thirty-three obese Korean women (BMI 27.2+/-2.5 kg/m2; 32.3+/-8.7 years) were tested before and after 12 weeks of 354.7 kcal/day dietary caloric restriction: waist circumference (WC); %fat according to bioimpedence; subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT); visceral adipose tissue (VAT); IMAT using single-slice CT scans at the levels of L4/L5 and mid-thigh (midpoint between the anterior iliac crest and patella); fasting levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, and HOMA-IR. Paired t-test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. RESULTS: WC, %fat, leptin, glucose, total-C, abdominal SAT and VAT, and mid-thigh IMAT decreased (P<0.05), and %change in mid-thigh IMAT correlated with %change in HOMA-IR (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Caloric restriction decreased the mid-thigh IMAT in obese Korean women, which may be correlated with reduction of metabolic risk.
Adipose Tissue ; Caloric Restriction ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Leptin ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Thigh ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in patients with prediabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare WHtR (Waist-to-Height Ratio) as a predictor of metabolic syndrome with other anthropometric indices as in Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) in prediabetes. METHODS: A total of 816 subjects with prediabetes were recruited from a community based Cohort Study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to find the optimal cutoff value of WHtR. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each anthropometric index and correlation coefficient between WHtR and various dermographic and clinical factors was calculated. RESULTS: WHtR had a significant correlation with metabolic parameters except for fasting glucose and increased with increasing number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome. AUC of WHtR was significantly higher than that of other anthropometric indices. The optimal cutoff value of WHtR was 0.53 for metabolic syndrome in prediabetes. CONCLUSION: WHtR may be the simple and effective anthropometric index for predicting metabolic syndrome in prediabetic patients.
Area Under Curve ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cohort Studies ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Prediabetic State ; Risk Factors ; ROC Curve ; Waist Circumference ; Waist-Hip Ratio

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is thought to play an important role in adipogenesis and in preventing a variety of diseases. There are few studies that analyze the relationship between vitamin D and the distribution of fat in Korean population. This study analyzed the vitamin D status in adults and evaluated its relationship with obesity also with cardiovascular risk factors in a Korean community. METHODS: Subjects involved patients who visited a health promotion center. Anthropometric measurements as in subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure were assessed. Blood tests including glucose, hemoglobin A1c, lipid profiles, 25(OH)D were evaluated. We analyzed the correlation between 25(OH)D concentrations with obesity factors and with cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Among the studied patients, 25(OH)D status was sufficient for 2.7%, insufficient for 27.2%, and deficient for 70.1%. 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with visceral adipose tissue, but no association was found between subcutaneous fat, waist circumference and body mass index. Among cardiovascular risk factors, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were negatively correlated with vitamin D. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 70.1% in this community. Vitamin D level showed significant correlation with visceral adipose tissue among abdominal fat tissue, but less significant correlation with cardiovascular risk factor.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipogenesis ; Adiposity ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamin D ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Obesity ; Testosterone

Because of the widespread use of ant-obesity medications, bariatricians need to be aware not only of common adverse events but also uncommon serious events in the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Safety and tolerability must be considered in selecting the drug, titrating the dosage, and monitoring patients. In Korea, orlistat and lorcaserine are the two anti-obesity drugs that can be used for long-term treatment, and in the US, liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion have been recently approved. In general, all of these drugs have very good safety and tolerability profiles. Common adverse events of these drugs are well understood, and they can be coped with or prevented by adjusting the dosage properly. In addition, patients can recover from serious events by stopping the medication. However, there are other serious side effects that need to be monitored for. These include liver injury, acute kidney injury, and pancreatitis for orlistat; valvulopathy for lorcaserine; thyroid C-cell pathology and pancreatitis for liraglutide; metabolic acidosis, urolithiasis, acute angle closure glaucoma, and teratogenic effects for phentermine/topiramate; and severe nausea and heart disease for naltrexone/bupropion.
Acidosis ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Anti-Obesity Agents ; Drug Therapy ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Liraglutide ; Nausea ; Obesity ; Pancreatitis ; Pathology ; Thyroid Gland ; Urolithiasis

Sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis, the three disorders of body composition, are growing in prevalence. Osteoporosis and obesity were thought to be mutually exclusive conditions, as were sarcopenia and obesity. However, these disorders are commonly observed in the aging process and recent studies have indicated a potential interconnection among them with interaction between muscle, bone, and fat. Therefore, it would not be appropriate to discuss sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis without bearing in mind the complex interactions of muscle, fat, and bone tissue. Due to the complicated interaction among them, the phenotypes have been given various names depending on the proposed cause or the combination of sarcopenia, obesity and osteoporosis. Therefore, we introduce new terms concerning the diverse phenotypes of body composition. In addition, this paper describes the interaction between muscle, fat and bone from a hormonal aspect and in terms of the whole body. Unraveling the link between muscle, fat, and bone at both the micro and macro level will elucidate the reasons for abnormal body composition phenotypes, and further enhance new therapeutic options for sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis.
Aging ; Body Composition ; Bone and Bones ; Obesity ; Osteoporosis ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; Sarcopenia