Influenza B virus infections appear to be more common extra-respiratory tract symptoms, compared to influenza A virus infections. Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is a benign disease that is caused mainly by many viruses like influenza A or B virus infection. Usually BACM is fully cured with only supportive treatment without unnecessary investigation or invasive procedure. This report describes an eight-year-old boy with acute bilateral calf pain and walking difficulty who diagnosed with BACM after influenza B virus infection.
Child ; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human ; Male ; Myositis ; Walking

Electrodiagnostic tests (EDX) is essential for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). EDX could provide information about demyelinating pathology in the peripheral nerves. According to phenotypes, CIDP could be classified several phenotypes, which has different clinical manifestations, EDX could present a different distribution pattern of demyelinating lesions. In addition, EDX could be useful markers for predicting treatment response of prognosis of CIDP.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Electrodiagnosis ; Neural Conduction ; Pathology ; Peripheral Nerves ; Phenotype ; Polyneuropathies ; Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating ; Prognosis

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is nowadays consider as an umbrella term that has heterogenous presentation depend on their subtypes. GBS is clinical diagnosis and its diagnosis can be supported by laboratory findings from cerebral spinal fluid study, nerve conduction study, anti-ganglioside antibodies, spinal magnetic resonance imaging and nerve ultrasound. Understanding atypical subtypes and GBS mimicking diseases are crucial for correct diagnosis. Both proper medical care for respiratory and autonomic dysfunction and immunotherapy are essential to improve outcome of GBS. Here, we summarized the current concept on diagnosis, immunopathophysiology and treatment of GBS.
Antibodies ; Diagnosis ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Immunotherapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Conduction ; Ultrasonography

The most prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus is neuropathy, which encompasses distal symmetric polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, radiculoplexopathy, and autonomic neuropathy. Intensive glucose control prevents and effectively halts the progression of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of strict glucose control itself is at modest in those with type 2 diabetes. Although we have better understanding of the mechanism of diabetic neuropathy, many pharmacologic trials for the targeting underlying nerve damage have reported unsuccessful results. In this review, the effects and limitations of the current therapeutic options will be discussed.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Glucose ; Humans ; Life Style ; Mononeuropathies ; Polyneuropathies

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) causes neuropathic pain with reduced quality of life as well as diabetic foot ulceration which sometimes resulted in amputation. Early detection and improved knowledge of pathogenic pathways are important to prevent and to manage DPN. The screening methods and several tests to diagnose DPN-quantitative sensory testing, skin biopsy, corneal confocal microscopy, etc.-will be described.
Amputation ; Biopsy ; Diabetic Foot ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Mass Screening ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neuralgia ; Quality of Life ; Skin ; Ulcer

This article provides an overview for understanding the classification and pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathies are prevalent disorder. The most common manifestation is distal symmetric polyneuropathy, but various patterns of neuropathy can occur. New information for the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy continues to emerge, which will lead to identifying new drug targets.
Classification ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Polyneuropathies

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, which is often related to post-infectious etiology. However, GBS has also been reported to be caused by non-infectious factors such as trauma. This report describes a rare case of post-traumatic GBS with dramatic response to immunoglobulin therapy. And here, we also discussed about the importance of differential diagnosis with critical illness polyneuropathy.

A 21-year-old soldier was admitted due to weakness after carrying a heavy military bag and marching for a long time. Neurophysiologic investigation revealed prominent involvement of right brachial plexus and upper cervical root with mild abnormalities of multiple nerves in the other extremities. Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy was confirmed by gene test demonstrating deletion of PMP22 gene. This study presents backpack palsy can appear as a first manifestation of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure. The possibility of hereditary neuropathy with liability should be strongly considered in a young patient with non-symptomatic multiple neuropathy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive form of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Patients with DMD are more likely to have cerebral infarction than normal populations, possibly due to low ejection fraction and cardiomyopathy, and also higher epilepsy prevalence. Careful history taking and neurological examination are needed for differentiating new symptoms from preexisting weakness in DMD. Here, we present a young male with DMD and acute ischemic stroke followed by recurrent seizures.

Pain in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is known as a common symptom, experienced by about 72% of patients. Various types of pain are associated with GBS, including paresthesia, dysesthesia, radicular pain, meningism, myalgia and visceral pain. Pain in GBS can vary from mild to severe, often under-recognized and poorly managed. This article reviews the various pains associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and their management.