The incubation of adenosine 5-monophosphate(AMP) with the homogenates of the epidermis and dermis, which were obtained from the axilIary skin of osmidrosis (bromidrosis) patients, resulted in the formation of adenosine and inorganic phosphate (Pi) without further degradation, as demonstrated by paper chromatography. The conversion of AMP to adenosine in the skin was catalyzed by 5-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. It was found that 5-nucleotidase was present both in the epidermis and dermis, being more active in the latter, and that the enzyme was responsible for more than 80% of the total AMP-hydrolyzing activity present in the skin homogenates. Alkaline phosphatase was shown to be present mainIy in the dermis. And its contribution to AMP hydrolysis was insignificant at pH 7.4. From these results, it is evident that AMP is converted to adenosine chiefly by 5-nucleotidase, which is present in the epidermis and dermis.
5'-Nucleotidase* ; Adenosine ; Adenosine Monophosphate* ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Chromatography, Paper ; Dermis* ; Epidermis* ; Humans* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis* ; Skin*

Acromelanosis Progressiva which was described by Mishirna et al. In 1962 is a very rare pigmentary disorder and it seems that this is the first case reporting in Korean literature. The patient we observed was 11 years old girl having dark brown macules on the dorsa of her hands and feet, forearms, lower legs and face. These pigmented macules at first appeared on the dorsal surfaces of her fingers and toes when her age of 7. Thereafter these macules spread somewhat progressively to the proximal portions of the extremities and recently those have been spread upon her forearms and lower legs. The same pigmented macules appeared meanwhile on her face when her age of 9 and also have been spread diffusely on the cheeks and eyelids at visiting. Sh was otherwise normal on physically and had no familial history of such pigmentary disorder. But she had mental deficiency (I.Q. 60).
Cheek ; Child ; Extremities ; Eyelids ; Female ; Fingers ; Foot ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Leg ; Toes

The authors observed one case of typical Kaposi's sarcoma who was 24 year old male. This patient complained of dark-brownish pigmented macules and oozing ulcer on the right knee joint area since at birth and the lesions were slowly growing and increased the number with pain. The skin lesions revealed 3*2.5cm sized dark-brownish colored macuIe, 2.5*3*1cm sized blood discharged nodule and 1* 1cm to l. 5* l. 5cm sized dark-brownish atrophic macules on the right inguinal area.Histopathologically, a biopsy was done on the right knee joint area, the finding showed angiomatous and fibrotic nature, I.e. the blood vessels in the dermis were dilated and increased in number. The endothelial cell was large and protrude into the lumen and showed small group of extravasated erythrocytes in granulation tissue, and showed extensive proliferation of spindle shaped cells that extended irregularly into various direction.
Biopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Erythrocytes ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Parturition ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Young Adult

Incontinentia pigmenti achromians (Ito) begins during childhood and is characterized by progressive appearance of bizarre patchy or whorl-like hypopigmentation without any preceeding or associated inflammatory changes in a fashion that resembles a negative piture of pigmentation in patients with incontinentia pigmenti. Mental, bony and ocular symptoms are not infrequently found in association with incontinentia pigmenti achromians. The incidence is high in the female sex, and there is no hereditary background. A 24-year-old Korean soldier was first seen in May 1974 in dermatologic clinic of Capital Armed Forces General Hospital. Bizarre, reticulated, linear and whorllike hypopigmented macular lesions were noted. On the skin of the trunk and both extremities. The lesions started at the age of 4 year and developed without any inflarnmatory signs Family history did not disclose any type of pigmentation The disorder, and mental, bony and occular manifestations were not found. Biopsy specimen demonstrated that the amount of melanin in the basal layer was decreased in the hypopigmented area, and reveals neither inflammatory changes nor dropping off of melanin granules into the dermis.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypopigmentation ; Incidence ; Incontinentia Pigmenti ; Melanins ; Military Personnel ; Pigmentation ; Pigmentation Disorders ; Skin ; Young Adult

Inflammatory nodular vascular diseases of the legs have been classified as severah distinctive entities based on their minor clinical and pathological variations. They have so many common features which often make the differential diagnosis difficult or impossihIe that reevaluation of these diseases is one of the important problems in the dermatologic field. The author studied the clinical and pathological relationship of those diseases in 86 patients including 70 cases of erythema nodosum, 7 of erythema induratum, 3 of panniculitis, and 6 of nodular vasculitis. The results are as follows; l. Erythema nodosum, erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis are most common. In the spring and patient are most often in their twenties. 2. Common to all, females are more commonly affected than males. 3.Erythema nodosum, erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis reveal no definite difference in their clinical pictures and laboratory findings. 4. Erythema nodosum, erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis are founded to be assoeiated with mostly streptococcal infection and/or tuberculosis; panniculitis is associated mainly with streptococcal infection.5. In histopathological findings, tubercle formation and caseation necrosis are more marked in erythema induratum than in erythema nodosum and nodular vasculitis. 6. The panniculitis is characterized by inflammation of the small sized vessels in. subcutaneous tissues; Nodular vasculitis reveals its main lesion in the large sized. Vessels of lower dermis. In erythema nodosum and erythema induratum, small. And medium-sized vessels are involved in subcutaneous tissue.
Dermis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythema Induratum ; Erythema Nodosum ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leg* ; Male ; Necrosis ; Panniculitis ; Streptococcal Infections ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Vascular Diseases ; Vasculitis

There have been reported some important findings in immunology of psoriasis, such as lower than normal level of IgM, defective humoral immune, responsiveness to newly administered antigens during cytotoxic drug therapy, lower than normal incidence of active sensitization with DNCB, prolonged skin heterograft survival and presence of anti-IgG antibody in peripheral lymphocytes. These findings are strongly suggestive of some humoral as well as cellular immunne dysfunction in patients with psoriasis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of BCG, a potent nonspecific immune stimulator, in patierts with psoriasis. Total 41 cases of more than 2 years' duration of illness and with widespread involvement and having had history of various previous treatment were slelcted at the Department of Dermatology, National Medical Center during October, 1973 and October, 1974, Liquid BCG(manufactured by NIH, Korea) was administered intradermally in a starting dose of 0.1 ml(0.01 mg in dry weight) weekly. The dosage of BCG was increased to 0.3 or 0.5ml after 3 or 5 injections and this dosage was maintained until some clinical changes were observed. The mean injection time to each patient was 20. 7.The results were as follows: 1. Eighteen cases showed no therapeutic response or aggravation of the lesions. 2. Six cases showed good therapeutic effect, resulting in only a few small lesions remained on elbows, knees or scalp areas. 3. Fourteen cases showed excellent therapeutic effect, that is complete disappearance of the lesions. During 2 to 6 months'follow up period, 7 cases showed relapse and the remainders are still under observation. The mechanism of influence of BCG on the clinical course of psoriatic patients is not determined, however, possible mechanism was discussed.
Allergy and Immunology ; Dermatology ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Drug Therapy ; Elbow ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Incidence ; Knee ; Lymphocytes ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Psoriasis* ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Skin

In 1933 Shope described an infectious papilloma of wild cattontail rabbits. Shope rabbit papilloma is a virus-induced epidermal neopIasm indigenous to western cottontail rabbits and readily transmissible to domestic rabbits by inocuiation with an cell-free extract of wild cottontail papilloma. Shope papilloma induced in the domestic rabbits may spoataneously, remain benign, or progress to carcinoma. Kidd et al. (1936) noted that the regression is not correlated with the titer of virus neutralizing antibody. The possibility that papilloma regression is brought about by a mechanism anaIogous to that operating in allograft rejection was suggested by kidd et al. (1938) with the view of the histological resemblance between papilloma regression and rejection of allografted tissue. That regression is mediated by an immune mechanism is strongly indicated by the findings of Evans et al.(1962) that the proportion of rabbits showing regression is substantially increased by vaccination of rabbits with their own papilloma tissue or with papilloma tissue from another rabbits. McMichael (1967) demonstrated that suppression of regression was achieved by use of large doses of corticosteroid. The effect of 5-fluorouracil on human warts was mentioned as being effective by Goldman et al. (1963). In Korea resinous extract from Paulownia coreana has long been used empirically in the treatment of human warts. In this investigation effects of dexamethasone administration on the development and the spontaneous regression of Shope papillomas in domestic rabbits were studied. At the same time, observations were made to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of topical application of 5% 5-fluorouracil ointment and resinous extract from Paulownia coreana on Shope papilloma in the domestic rabbit. The results are summarized as follows: l. Administration of dexamethasone significantly reduced the spontaneous regression of Shope papillomas in domestic rabbits by 12 weeks after virus inoculation. 2. Topical application of 5% 5-fluorouracil ointment on Shope papillomas cured the tumors by 4 weeks of drug application. However, similar treament with resinous extract from Paulownia coreana was without any demonstrable effects. 3. Marked losses of body weights became manifest in dexamethasone treated rabbits. 4. Reinoculation of Shope papilloma virus into 2 rabbits whose papillomas had regressed 3 months ago failed to produce papillomas.
Allografts ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Body Weight ; Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus ; Dexamethasone* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Korea ; Papilloma* ; Rabbits ; Tumor Virus Infections ; Vaccination ; Warts

Mycobacteriosis cutis is largely classified to localized forms and exanthematous forms and it is subdivded into five diseases in detail, each. They are 1) primary tuberculous complex, 2) lupus vulgaris, 3) tuberculous verrucosa cutis 4) scrofulo derma, and 5) tuberculosis cutis orificialis in localized ferms and 1) tuberculous miliaris disseminata, 2) lupus miliaris disserninaia faciei, 3) papulonecrotic tuberculid, 4) lichen scrofulosorom and 5) ervthema induratum in exanthematous forms.Rich(1944) insisted on that, the pathogenesis of cutaneous tuberuculosis was essen tially the sarne as that for tuberculosis in general. He said that aII forms of cutaneous tuberculosis were produced by the local action of the bacilus of tuberculosis. In the formerly termed true tuberculosis such as lupus vulgaris, the microorganisrns were found in varing numbers in the lesions, and animal inoculations of tissue were successful, In other forms represented by the tuberculids, the bacillus of tuberculosis was found only in the earilest stages before the true clinical and histological picture had developed, Its short lived existence in this forms was explained by the allergic statc of the tissues and this fact exnlained the failure to find the microorganisms in the lesions, or reproduced the affection by inoculations in animals, in cases sufficiently developed to be recognizable clinically and histologically. The other generally accepted view is that the mycobacteriosis cutis, especially the types in the category of tuberculids are caused by the hematogenous dissemination of tubercle bacilli from a focus, often extrapulmonary in location, into the skin, where they are rapidly destoryed. spiet and Roeckie(1960) agreed with above menitioned plausible theories with the background of their hypothesis, that was the skin was hyperegic, And Miescher(1951) also insisted that, skin had a decreased immunologic resistance. But according to Flegel(1957), if the skin was in a state of hyperegic reaction, the focus from which the dissemination was taking place was also should be in a hyperegic state and vice versa should be right, And moreover, Suizberger(1940) declared that whenever microorganisms or their products were being overcome or neutralized by local lmmunologic reactions, tubercles or tubercles or tuberculoid structures had a tendency to appear. So the theories of different immunologic state between the skin and focus were discarded. After that many authors proposed three factors against a tuberculous etiology of tuberculids. First, inoculation of tissue from lesion into guinea pigs and culturing of such tissue have given no evidence for tuberculosis. Second, active tuberculosis occurs no greater frequency in patients with tuberculids than in the general population. Third, tuberculids does not respond to antituberculous treatment but responds to the adminiatration of corticosteroids. According to Eberhartinger(1963), Schneider and Undeutsch(1965), in erytbema induraturn the primary event is a vasculitis of subcutaneous arteries and veins. And any fat necrosis following vascular damage can develop a tubereuloid appea- rance. Lever(1967) declared with self confidence that it was a relic of the times- when a tuberculoid histology was tantamount to tuberculosis. In this condition we decided to clarify that whether the mycobacteriosis cutis, especially the disease in the category of tuberculids, could be originated from mycobacteria tuberculosis in fact or not. Eleven patients, whose clinical diagnosis were skin tuberculosis or very similar to those diseases such as erythema. nodosum, were biopsied by 5mm puncher after 2% procaine injection on their two of skin lesions, the early one for the culture of tubercle bacilli and the oId one for histopathological study, on the O.P.D. of dermatologic department in Severance Hospital. Those biopsied material of early lesion was digested with proper amount of 4% NaOH and fragmented in tissue grinder about 10 minutes. After that, it was centrifuged in rotating speed of 3,500 r.p.m. for 30minutes, and neutralized by 8% HCl after adding phenol red drop by drop. Again it was centrifuged by same as previous method and its supernatant was discarded. The remnants of precipitin was inoculated on Ogawa's nutrient tuberculous media in incubator at 37C. Finally the acid-fast tubercle bacilli have been grown on the Ogawa's media three months after its first inoculation. The inoculation material was biopsied from the patient of eighteen year-old girl, whose clinical and histopathological diagnosis was erythema induratum. From the result of this study, we got the strong confidence that in spite of many authors powerful countertheories and the extremely poor harvesting of its culture, the erythema induratum can be or in evidently caused from mycobacterium tuberculosis. It may be early days yet to say that erythema induratum is originated fromtubercle bacilli but it is considered to be a truth in Korea, with the result of this study.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Animals ; Arteries ; Bacillus ; Diagnosis ; Erythema ; Erythema Induratum ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Incubators ; Korea ; Lichens ; Lupus Vulgaris ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Procaine ; Skin* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous* ; Vasculitis ; Veins

Disfiguring hyperpigmentation of the exposed areas may have impartant and lasting effects on the emotional well-being of the patient. And many attempts to treat areas of hyperpigmentation have been earried out, but all of them are not very successful. Recently 4-isopropylcatechol has been known to inhibit melanin pigmentation with a selective action on melanocytes either destroying or inactivating the melanocytes experimentally. There is no report on its clinical trial till now. In this study, 1% 4-isopropylcatechol cream was topieally applied to the hyperpigmented lesions of 29 patieots of melasma, freckle, and cafe-au-lait spot. The bleaching effect on meiasmas was very satisfactory in all patients but coantact dermatltis in 3 patients and reticular hyperpigmentation with areas of depigmented spots in one patient were developed as the side effects of the drug. Freckle and cafe-au-Iait spots were not bleached.
Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Melanosis ; Pigmentation

The prevalence of syphilis was sharply decreased throughout the world since the introduction of penicillin into the treatment of syphilis in 1943, however recent in formations seemed to be increased in incidence of syphilis since about 1960. In Korea, recent trends of syphilis can hardly be assesed because there are few reports of it. In order to know the current incidence of syphilis in Seoul we carried out S.T.S. in 1046 healthy young men living in Seoul. At that we classified the man as syphilitic who has positive serologic test on both VDRL and RPCF and has not recieved regular antisyplulitic treatment in the past. The result reveala that the incidence of syphilitic infection is 1.72%, which is slightiy decreased statistical figure than in 1960s. There are no much differences in incidence between each group of age or educational degree. Among the 653 unmarried men, 62.3% of them had experiences of sexual contact and their sex partners were business girls, students and prostitutes in order of frequency.
Commerce ; Equidae ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Penicillins ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Serologic Tests ; Sex Workers ; Single Person ; Syphilis*