This study was designed to find the characteristics and patterns in subjectivity of the perspectives on the coping strategies about practical stress in nursing student. Q-methodology was used as a research design and the research procedures were as follows. Q-sampling has been derived from the literature review and a questionnaire. Its credibility and validity were also tested by nursing professors. Total of 34 statements were selected. P-sampling has been drawn and 51 samples were selected. Based on 9 point scale, the selected respondents rated their operant definition on the perspectives on the coping strategies about practical stress in nursing student. The results of above procedures were analyzed by PCQ program. The perspectives on the coping strategies about practical stress in nursing student were analyzed based on the typical array, extreme comments, and the demographic information of study subjects. The results revealed that there were three types of the perspectives on the coping strategies about practical stress in nursing student. The three types were named as follows; 1) The first type, agree of positive change by oneself perspectives, was consisted of 18 subjects. They thought that they did their best positive change for the most effective coping strategies about practical stress. 2) The second type, agree of social support perspectives, was consisted of 13 subjects. They thought that they asked for an other person's help for the most effective coping strategies about practical stress. 3) The third type, agree of looking on avoidance perspectives, was consisted of 5 subjects. They thought that they looked on or avoided problems for the most effective coping strategies about practical stress. As a result, this study discovered three types of the degree of the perspectives on the coping strategies about practical stress in nursing student. By identifying the nature of each of three types, this study can be useful to develop efficient coping strategies about practical stress in nursing student.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Factor Analysis, Statistical* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Research Design ; Students, Nursing* ; Child Health

Considering the rapid change of modern nursing knowledge, it is necessary to make changes in the curriculum of nursing education periodically according to the patient-nursing needs and the students' needs. This means that nursing education has to provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Also, as the students of the RN-BSN program being all registered nurses, the education program for them is planned differently from the general undergraduate program. This study was conducted to establish the scope of educational contents of pediatric nursing in RN-BSN program. The contents of the pediatric nursing curriculum and its necessity was identified and reviewed. From June 5 to June 30 2000, data were collected from 309 RN-BSN students in 5 nursing schools. The questionnaire used for this study was developed by their researchers and the Korean Nursing Association and consisted of items according to the curriculum contents of pediatric nursing. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentages and was analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 programs. The results were as follows: 1.In the section surveying on the credits of pediatric theory and clinical practice, 3 out of 5 schools had 2 credits in theory (60.0%), and 2 credits for clinical practice in 2 schools, and 2 credits were given to the elective practice in 2 other schools. 2. In analyzing the degree of demand for lecture and clinical practice, 52.1% of students preferred lectures to be given by professors and 53.7% preferred their level of undergraduate knowledge updated and finally most of the students (81.9%) didn't want to do the clinical practice. 3.The students weighted the importance of current curriculum contents as follows : sex education of adolescence(60.8%), high-risk infant(59.5%), sex education of school age children(59.2%), the handicapped children (55.7%), health assessment(52.4%), children with pneumonia(51.5%), children with asthma (47.1%), children with burns(41.1%). In conclusion, there is a need for research to measure the degree of education satisfaction and needs in RN-BSN students and to improve the curriculum contents in pediatric nursing.
Asthma ; Child ; Curriculum* ; Disabled Children ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Lectures ; Nursing ; Pediatric Nursing* ; Schools, Nursing ; Sex Education ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This is a nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design in quasi experimental basis to assess how the thermal head and feet support influences on early stage weight gain in premature neonates. The clients were selected among the premature infants with the weight under 2000gms and with the gestational period under 37 weeks, admitted over 15 days in K university hospital, Seoul. The control group of 29 were selected from January 1998 to August 1998, who were without head and feet thermal support, and the experimental group of 30 were selected from September 1998 to May 1999, who were with the two thermal interventions. The results of the study follow, 1.The experimental group with thermal interventions showed more weight gain than the control group without thermal interventions, which was statistically significant between the two groups. 2.The physiological weight loss after birth showed less in the experimental group than in the control group. 3.The recovery of the birth weight after the physiologic weight loss showed no statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group. Consequently, the thermal head and feet supportive nursing intervention could be applied as a nursing intervention program to help the premature neonates' development. With the results above we should like to suggest the following: 1) A continuous application in the practice of our thermal supportive intervention for the premature neonates, a development of the content through evaluation, and a comparision of the results through a long time study. 2) A neccessity of deveopment of various study and cross comparision. 3) A neccessity of multi-angular study on the premature infants' characteristics influencing the thermal therapy and the study of the individual differences of the clients.
Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Foot* ; Head* ; Humans ; Individuality ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Nursing ; Parturition ; Seoul ; Time and Motion Studies ; Weight Gain* ; Weight Loss ; Child Health

The purpose of this study were to examine the construct validation and internal reliability of the SHEQ(School Health Efficacy Questionnaire)and to establish concurrent validity for the instrument among Korean adolescents by relationship found among SHEQ and the self-reported health status. The sample was consisted 393 high school students, aged with average of 17.40( +/- 0.59) years. According to the criteria used in this validating study, a four-factor structure, which consisted of 31-items, resulting from a principal components analysis with an varimax rotation, best represented the multidimensionality of the SHEQ of adolescents in Korea. Internal consistency estimated for the four factor on the SHEQ subscales range from .68 to .83. Evidence in support of concurrent validity for both 31-item and 38-item of SHEQ was provided by statistically significant correlations found between the two scales and self-reported health. With the findings of this study, the 31-item Korean version of the SHEQ can be used in practice as a reliable and valid instrument measuring perceived self-efficacy in physical and mental health for adolescents in Korea.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health* ; Weights and Measures ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preschool children for accident prevention and improve their health through sound, safe living enviornment with safety education estabilished through more systematic method. Data were collected from 300 preschoolers(150 preschooler are assigned to experimental group and 150 preschoolers are assinged to control group) from 4 to 6 years old using APP paper test which consists of questions and drawings. To experimental group, safety education were done 4 times within the time of 30 minutes per 1 time using education books, video, OHP, slide. The findings of this study are as follows: 1.There were significant difference in behavioral character between experimental group and control group( chi 2=11.690, p= 0.003). So, safety education have effect on the behavioral character of preschooler. 2. In the accident proneness on preschooler between experimental group and control group according to general characteristics, it proved significant difference in the case of accident prevention education were done, movement stability( chi 2=8.844, p=0.012) and behavioral character( chi 2=6.699, p=0.035), in the case of housing pattern is mixed-type, behavioral character( chi 2=10.37, p=0.006), in the case of subjects' age is 4 years old, watchfulness( chi 2=9.525, p=0.009), in the case of subjects' age is 5 years old, behavioral character( chi 2=7.324, p=0.026), in the case of children's order is second, behavioral character( chi 2=14.31, p=0.001), in the case of children's sex is boy, living safety( chi 2=7.981, p=0.018), movement speed ( chi 2=6.661, p=0.036), bihavioral character( chi 2=8.837, p=0.012), in the case of children's sex is girl, reasoning power( chi 2 =9.78, p=0.008), in the case of childrens have no past accidental experience, behavioral character( chi 2=9.862, p=0.007), in the case of nuclear family, movement speed( chi 2=6.341, p=0.042) and behavioral character( chi 2=9.326, p=0.009), in the case of mothers' age is under thirty behavioral character( chi 2=16.40, p=0.000), in the case of mothers' school career is under high school graduate, behavioral character( chi 2 =8.375, p=0.015), in the case of mothers' school career is beyond college graduate, reasoning power( chi 2=9.803, p=0.007) and behavioral character( chi 2=6.205, p=0.045), in the case of mothers' job is part time, movement speed( chi 2=10.99, p=0.004), in the case of mothers have no job, movement stability( chi 2=8.490, p=0.014) and behavioral character( chi 2=10.11, p=0.006). The difference of accident proneness between experimental group and control group according to general characterists, it also showed that there were significant difference in behaviorl character compared to other area.. From this findings, we can guess that safety education change and guide preschoolers' behavioral character to desirable direction.
Accident Prevention ; Accident Proneness* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Education* ; Female ; Housing ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors, coping styles , communication with mother, school adaptation and predictors for school adaptation. The subjects of this study consisted of 354 children. They were 6th grade of elementary school in Taegu city. The periods of study was from march 10, to march 18, 2000. Data were analyzed by SAS computer programme. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score for stressor was 39.91 in children(range 24-72). The higher stressor among three subgroups of stressor was mass media stressor. The degree of stressor revealed to be influenced significantly economic status. 2. The most frequently used coping style was problem-oriented coping style(M=18.94) in children. The degree of emotion-oriented coping style revealed to be influenced significantly family's atmosphere 3.The mean score for communication with mother was 72,44 in children(range 20- 100). The degree of communication with mother revealed to be influenced significantly sex, economic status, family' atmosphere. 4. The mean score for school adaptation was 62.48 in children(range 25-100). The higher school adaptation among five subgroup was rule dimension. The degree of school adaptation revealed to be influenced significantly sex, birth, mother's job, economic status, family's atmosphere. 5. School adaptation were positively correlated with communication with mother, problem- oriented coping style(r=0.40 p < 0.001) (r=0.30 p < 0.001). 6. School adaptation were negatively correlated with emotion-oriented coping style, stressor (r=-0.16 p < 0.01)(r=-0.13 p < 0.01). 7. Forward multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variable communication with mother accounted for 15.25% in school adaptation. All variables accounted for 25.55% in school adaptation. From the above results, it can be concluded that teaching mother about importance of communication, encouraging to use problem- oriented coping style is necessary to improve school adaptation in 6th grade elementary school children.
Atmosphere ; Child* ; Daegu ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and coping styles between headache- suffering children and headache-free children. The subjects of this study consisted of 112 headache-suffering children and 203 headache- free children. They were 5th and 6th grade of elementary school around Taegu city. The periods of study was from June 1, to July 20, 2000. Data were analyzed by SAS computer programme The results of this study were as follows: 1. The score of stressor of headache-suffering children was higher than that of headache- free children significantly. The scores of school stressor and mess media stressor of headache-suffering children were higher than those of headache-free children significantly. 2. There was no significant difference even though the mean score of the coping style in headache-suffering children was higher than that of headache-free children. There were also no significant differences in both problem-oriented coping style and emotion- oriented coping style. 3.Logistic regression analysis(stepwise) revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variable stressor in school(standardized estimate=0.316, P < .001), followed by stressor in mass media(standardized estimate=0.224, P < .05).
Child* ; Daegu ; Headache ; Humans ; Child Health

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the progressive muscle relaxation on behavioral states and emotional reactions of adolescent athletes. The participants were 167 adolescent male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 who were junior or high school students in Seoul. Ninety-three of them were assigned to the experimental group, while seventy-four to the control group. The experimental group was treated by 10 sessions (20 min./session) of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation for two weeks, while the control group was not treated. The self and observer reported behavioral states, general stress by visual analogue scale, physical symptoms of stress, athletic stress, state anxiety, depression, self-esteem were measured before and after two weeks of the progressive muscle relaxation. The results were as follows ; 1. The self and observer reported behavioral states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 2. The general stress and the gastrointestinal symptoms of stress were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference on athletic stress was found between the two groups. The depression and the state anxiety were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The self-esteem was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 3. The influential factors on behavioral state of adolescent male athlete were depression and state anxiety. The accelerating factor on behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was state anxiety. These results are suggested that the progressive muscle relaxation could be effective in stabilizing behavioral state, decreasing general stress, gastrointestinal symptoms of stress, depression, state anxiety, in increasing self-esteem of adolescent male athletes. And the behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was influenced by state anxiety.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety ; Athletes* ; Depression ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Relaxation* ; Seoul ; Soccer ; Sports ; Child Health

This study was conducted to investigate correlation theory of planned behavior, self efficacy and health locus of control about smoking cessation behavior for university student. We sampled 204 university student smokers using questionnaires and analyzed the data using Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There were significant positive correlation between theory of planned behavior(intention : r=.215, p=.005, attitude : r=.160, p=.025, perceived behavior control : r=.298, p=.000) and self efficacy. 2. There were significant positive correlation between theory of planned behavior(attitude : r=.228, p=.002) and internal health locus of control. There were significant positive correlation between theory of planned behavior(attitude : r=.203, p=.004, subjective norm : r=.141, p=.047) and external health locus of control. There were significant negative correlation between theory of planned behavior(perceived behavior control : r=-.152, p=.034) and accidental health locus of control. This study has shown a correlation between theory of planned behavior and self efficacy and health locus of control. As a result of these findings, I suggest to develop the intervention program for smoking cessation.
Behavior Control ; Humans ; Internal-External Control* ; Self Efficacy* ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the guided imagery program on stress of adolescents. The study design was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. The Data were collected from the 1st to 30th of September in 2000. Two schools were selected as an experimental group and a control group. Each group included two classes. The experimental group was consisted of 40 male students and 42 female students and the control group was consisted of 41 males and 42 females. The guided imagery was provided with audiotapes to the subjects in the classroom for 8 minutes per each therapy, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The pretest was given before the therapy to measure variables for both groups and the posttests were performed twice after 2 weeks and 4 weeks from the start of intervention. The Instruments used in this study were perception of stress scale developed by Park(1996), Vividness of Imagery Scale; short form of bett's test scale developed by Sheenhan(1967). The data were analyzed by the SAS program using Chi-square test, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. The results of this study are as follows: "The level of stress of adolescents who received the guided imagery will be significantly lower than that of control group" was supported(F=10.14, p=.00). In conclusion, the guided imagery was suggested as an effective nursing intervention did reduce the stress of adolescents which school nurses could utilize for adolescents at school.
Adolescent* ; Female ; Humans ; Imagery (Psychotherapy)* ; Male ; Nursing ; Tape Recording ; Child Health