During simulated weightlessness and spaceflight, variations in plasma and urinary catecholamine(GA) levels haute been observed. The alterations of metabolism of CA In liver, the main site of metabolism, ate yet not known We measured the activity of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) In rat liver as Indicators of CA metabolism before and during head-down suspension The rats were placed In a -45 degress antiorthostatic position for 2 weeks. Head-down suspension resulted In decrease other hepatic MAO B activity By contrast, the activities of other hepatic degrading enzymes, COMT and MAO A, did not altered These findings Indicate that a prolonged exposure to simulated weightlessness exerts no remarkable effect on CA degradation in rat liver.
Animals ; Liver* ; Metabolism ; Monoamine Oxidase ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Space Flight ; Transferases ; Weightlessness

OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference of some endocrine hormore of healthy pillots and the orthostatic intolerance pilots with coriolis acceleration Increased. METHODS: The coriolis acceleration of 3.75 pai 2cm/s2, 5.00 pai 2cm /s2, 6.25 pai 2cm/s2, was given with a Interval of 3-4 min In 12 flying syncope and 12 healthy pilots, AT-II, Isulin Cortisol, Aldosterone, Gastric were measured by radio immunossay. RESULT : All polits Showed that Aldosterone, AT-II, Gastrin were increased with coriolis acceleration Increased (p<005). Cortisol, Insulin of healthy pilots Increased (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS : It was considered that endocrine hormone may be used In the autonomic nervous system evaluation Excitation of the autonomic nervous system ol healthy pilots were increased with coriolis acceleration acted, but the orthostatic intolerance pailots decrease.
Aldosterone ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Coriolis Force* ; Diptera ; Gastrins ; Hydrocortisone ; Insulin ; Orthostatic Intolerance ; Syncope

Electromyographic responses of the clavotrapezius and extraocular horizontal rectus muscles to the stimulations of the anterior semicircular canal nerves were observed to expore the funtional relationships between the canals and these canals muscles 1. The clavotrapezius muscle was inhibited stimulating the ipsilateral anterior canal nerve and excited by stimulating the contralateral anterior canal nerve. These responses were reversed by stimulating of the functionally paired posterior canal nerves. 2. During the clavotrapezius muscle responded to a prolonged stimulation of the ipsilateral anterior canal nerve, a superimposed stimulation of the contralateral anterior canal nerve reversed the initial response. 3. The medial rectus muscle was excited and the lateral rectus muscle was Inhibition by simulating the ipsilateral anterior canal nerve, and these responses were reversed by stimulating the contralateral canal nerve. Based on these results, it is concluded showing the functional connections between the receptor canals anti the effector muscles for the vestibuloocular and vestibulocollic reflexes, that the excitatory neural pathways from the vestibular nucleus to the cervical and ocular motoneurons are crossed to the opposite side, whereas the inhibitory from the nucleus to these axial motoneurons are uncrossed.
Animals ; Cats* ; Muscles* ; Neural Pathways ; Reflex* ; Semicircular Canals*

In unanesthetized rabbits, alcohol, glyserin, or heavy water was injected intravenously and nystagmic reaction elicited by passive alteration of body position was recorded by means of nystagmography, and the specific direction of the nystagmus was also observed. The following results were obtained 1. After Injection of alcohol (2.5~3.5ml/kg), right sloe down or lelf side down position elicited nystagmus in both eyes (FAN I) Right sloe down position elicited supero-dorsal nystagmus in the ipsilateral eye anti Infero-central nystagmus In the contralateral eye Left side down position produced nystagmus towards reversed directions 2. Returning to neutral position from one sloe down also elicited nystagmus towards the same direction. 3 From 5~6 hours after Injection of alcohol, the direction of the positional nystagmus was reversed, manifesting phase II of the PAN (PANII) 4. Injection of glycerin (2.0~3.0ml/kg) or heavy water (2.0~25ml/kg) also elicited positional nystagmus. The direction of the nystagmus was the same as and opposite to that Induced by alcohol Injection
Deuterium Oxide* ; Glycerol* ; Nystagmus, Physiologic* ; Rabbits

It has become our common knowledge nowadays that the airplane crash occurs so often in late years. as the aviation transportation is in wide use for both domestic and international travels. The following operational protocol is suggested based on my personal experience with investigation of the Air Manila crash we had here on Guam in 1976 killing 46 people plus the lessons we learned from United Airlines Flight 232, a wide-bodied DC-10 crash at Sioux City, iowa, in July 1989, killing 112 people. Whenever we encounter such a disaster, we tend to be apprehensive and we do not know what to start off first. The most important thing is to calm down and make a well-thought-out plan by forming a disaster management team. The main purpose of the operation is first to give medical aids to those survivors, then identify the deceased, determine the cause of death, investigate into the cause of crash, protect the valuable personal properties of the passengers, and finally to find ways to prevent such tragedy in the future. In this regard, we should pay attention to the pilots and maintenance crew of the aircraft. Following this, we must field any mechanical defects of aircraft with a high index of suspicion for a possible sabotage, i .c. deliberate destruction of the airplane with an explosive device. The following is a step-by-step plan which I strongly recommend in the event of an airplane disaster.
Aircraft* ; Aviation ; Cause of Death ; Disasters ; Guam ; Homicide ; Humans ; Iowa ; Survivors ; Transportation

No abstract available.
Vietnam*

No abstract available.
China* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Aircraft* ; Mass Media*

No abstract available.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Hydrocortisone* ; Insulin*

No abstract available.