1.Analysis of Willingness-to-Quit Cigarette Price among Korean Male Adults.
Woojin CHUNG ; Sunmi LEE ; Kayoung SHIN ; Seungji LIM ; Kyungsook CHO
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2008;41(3):136-146
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the willingness to quit cigarette price among Korean male adults, and to examine he factors affecting the willingness to quit cigarette price. METHODS: The data was collected by a random digit dial telephone survey. 702 samples were analyzed by using ttests, ANOVA and OLS regression analysis. To estimate the willingness to quit cigarette price, smokers were asked dichotomous questions with open-ended follow-up and the starting point of the price was randomized by one of 5 bid prices elicited from a pilot study. RESULTS: The mean of the willingness to quit cigarette price was 4,287 Won per package, which was about 2,000 Won higher than the mean of the actual price the smokers now paid. About 41% of respondents were willing to quit smoking if the price of cigarette would be increased by 3,000 Won, and if the price would be increased by 20,000 Won, all respondents were willing to quit smoking. The factors associated with the willingness to quit cigarette price were the place of residence, the amount of smoking and the degree of exposure to smoking through the mass media. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that to get people to quit smoking, increasing the cigarette price would obviously be effective and much higher prices have a greater effect. Furthermore, to enlarge the effect of increased cigarette prices, providing more cessation programs to small towns, reducing the amount of smoking and decreasing or prohibiting advertisements of cigarettes and smoking in the mass media will be efficient.
Adult
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*Commerce
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Humans
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Interviews as Topic
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Korea
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Male
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Middle Aged
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*Motivation
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Smoking/*economics/ethnology
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Smoking Cessation/*ethnology
2.Fatigue Severity and Factors Associated with High Fatigue Levels in Korean Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Suhyeon YOO ; Yoon Suk JUNG ; Jung Ho PARK ; Hong Joo KIM ; Yong Kyun CHO ; Chong Il SOHN ; Woo Kyu JEON ; Byung Ik KIM ; Dong Il PARK
Gut and Liver 2014;8(2):148-153
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often complain of fatigue. To date, only a few studies in Western countries have focused on fatigue related to IBD, and fatigue has never been specifically studied in Asian IBD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fatigue level and fatigue-related factors among Korean IBD patients. METHODS: Patients in remission or with mild to moderate IBD were included. Fatigue was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue and the Brief Fatigue Inventory. Corresponding healthy controls (HCs) also completed both fatigue questionnaires. RESULTS: Sixty patients with Crohn disease and 68 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were eligible for analysis. The comparison group consisted of 92 HCs. Compared with the HCs, both IBD groups were associated with greater levels of fatigue (p<0.001). Factors influencing the fatigue score in UC patients included anemia and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). CONCLUSIONS: Greater levels of fatigue were detected in Korean IBD patients compared with HCs. Anemia and ESR were determinants of fatigue in UC patients. Physicians need to be aware of fatigue as one of the important symptoms of IBD to better understand the impact of fatigue on health-related quality of life.
Adult
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Case-Control Studies
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Colitis, Ulcerative/*complications/ethnology
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Crohn Disease/*complications/ethnology
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Fatigue/ethnology/*etiology
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Republic of Korea/ethnology
3.Parenting Efficacy and Health-promoting Behaviors for Children of Mothers from Native and Multicultural Families in Korea.
Sophia Jihey CHUNG ; Kyung Sook BANG
Asian Nursing Research 2015;9(2):104-108
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of parenting efficacy and health-promoting behaviors for children of mothers, and to explore the relationships between parenting efficacy and the behaviors of mothers from native and multicultural families in South Korea. METHODS: Data was collected by a self-report questionnaire completed by 258 mothers who had 6-month to 36-month-old children attending kindergartens or multicultural family support centers located in Seoul and in Gyeounggi Province, South Korea. RESULTS: No significant difference in parenting efficacy was found, depending on the maternal country of origin. However, Chinese mothers performed health-promoting behaviors more frequently for their children than Korean and Vietnamese mothers did (F = 6.87, p < .001). The significant positive correlations between parenting efficacy and maternal health-promoting behaviors for children were found, regardless of maternal country of origin (r = .57, p < .001 for Korean, r = .42, p < .001 for Chinese, and r= .40, p < .001 for Vietnamese mothers). CONCLUSIONS: Since maternal health-promoting behaviors were different depending on the native country of the mothers, maternal country of origin should be considered in designing programs for improving maternal health-promoting behaviors for their children. In addition, increasing the level of parenting efficacy can be an effective way for improvement of maternal health-promoting behaviors.
Adult
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Asian Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology
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Child Rearing/*ethnology
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Child, Preschool
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Cross-Sectional Studies
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Cultural Diversity
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Female
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Health Behavior/*ethnology
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Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/*ethnology
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*Health Promotion
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Humans
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Infant
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Male
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Mothers
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Parenting/*ethnology
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Republic of Korea
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Surveys and Questionnaires
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Young Adult
4.Congenital chloridorrhea in Korean infants.
Young Don LEE ; Hong Jin LEE ; Hyung Ro MOON
Journal of Korean Medical Science 1988;3(3):123-129
The present paper describes two Korean male infants, 1. 16 year old and newly born neonate from two families who were diagnosed and managed for one of very rare inborn errors of metabolism, congenital chloridorrhea (Darrow-Gamble syndrome). The diagnosis was suggested by one of the authors (HRM) from the unusual combination of metabolic alkalosis with severe gastrointestinal disorder presenting with chronic, profuse watery diarrhea in the newborn period in the first patient; and the maternal polyhydramnios, the appearance of dilated fetal bowel loops on prenatal ultrasonography and profuse watery diarrhea beginning at birth without passage of meconium in the second patient. The diagnosis was confirmed in both patients by examination of the stool chloride concentration which revealed extremely high exceeding the sum of sodium and potassium concentrations. Serum electrolytes and arterial blood gas analyses revealed hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia with elevated bicarbonate. With replacement of fluid and electrolyte deficit and adequate dietary supplements of potassium and chloride, both patients remained well although the character of the stools waxed and waned. This is the first reported case of congenital chloridorrhea in korean population.
Adolescent
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Chlorides/*metabolism
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Diarrhea/*congenital/diagnosis/ethnology
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Diarrhea, Infantile/*diagnosis/ethnology/metabolism
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Humans
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Infant, Newborn
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Korea
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Male
5.Congenital chloridorrhea in Korean infants.
Young Don LEE ; Hong Jin LEE ; Hyung Ro MOON
Journal of Korean Medical Science 1988;3(3):123-129
The present paper describes two Korean male infants, 1. 16 year old and newly born neonate from two families who were diagnosed and managed for one of very rare inborn errors of metabolism, congenital chloridorrhea (Darrow-Gamble syndrome). The diagnosis was suggested by one of the authors (HRM) from the unusual combination of metabolic alkalosis with severe gastrointestinal disorder presenting with chronic, profuse watery diarrhea in the newborn period in the first patient; and the maternal polyhydramnios, the appearance of dilated fetal bowel loops on prenatal ultrasonography and profuse watery diarrhea beginning at birth without passage of meconium in the second patient. The diagnosis was confirmed in both patients by examination of the stool chloride concentration which revealed extremely high exceeding the sum of sodium and potassium concentrations. Serum electrolytes and arterial blood gas analyses revealed hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia with elevated bicarbonate. With replacement of fluid and electrolyte deficit and adequate dietary supplements of potassium and chloride, both patients remained well although the character of the stools waxed and waned. This is the first reported case of congenital chloridorrhea in korean population.
Adolescent
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Chlorides/*metabolism
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Diarrhea/*congenital/diagnosis/ethnology
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Diarrhea, Infantile/*diagnosis/ethnology/metabolism
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Humans
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Infant, Newborn
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Korea
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Male
6.Genetic polymorphisms of six X-short tandem repeats loci in Chinese Korean.
Yong-ji ZHANG ; Zhe LI ; Jing-nan XU ; Mei-hua ZHANG ; Song-ying HAN
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics 2009;26(5):585-588
OBJECTIVETo investigate the genetic polymorphisms of DXS7132, DXS6854, DXS6797, DXS9898, DXS8378 and GATA31E08 short tandem repeats (STRs) loci in Chinese Korean ethnic group of Yanbian, Jilin, and to construct a preliminary database.
METHODSThe allele frequencies of the six STRs loci in Chinese Korean ethnic individuals were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).
RESULTSTotal of 8, 6, 8, 8, 5 and 10 alleles were observed in each locus respectively. All loci (in female) met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The statistical analysis of the 6 STR loci showed the heterozygosities were more than 0.4660, the polymorphic information contents (PIC) were more than 0.5293, the haplotype diversity were more than 0.9993, power of discrimination (PD) in females and males were more than 0.7737 and 0.6107, respectively.
CONCLUSIONThe results showed that, all the 6 STR loci in this study were found to have high heterozygosity and polymorphic information content, so they could provide useful markers for genetic purposes. These results could serve as valuable data to enrich the Chinese Korean ethnic group genetic database and play an important role in genetic study of Chinese population.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic
7.The Relationship between the Optimistic Bias about Cancer and Cancer Preventive Behavior of the Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese Adult Residing in Korea.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2010;40(1):52-59
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to provide basic data for developing education and health promotion programs for the prevention of cancer by identifying the relation between optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior in Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. METHODS: Using a questionnaire administered by the researcher, data were collected from a convenience sample of 600, 19 to 64-yr-old male and female Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. Data was collected between February 6 and 28, 2009. RESULTS: Scores for optimistic bias about cancer by nationality were: Koreans, -1.03; Chinese, -0.43; Americans, -0.23; and Japanese, 0.05. The cancer preventive behavior scores were: Koreans, 43.17; Chinese, 71.84; Americans, 71.71; and Japanese, 73.97. Optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior showed a significantly positive correlation in all participants: Koreans (r=.223, p=.006); Chinese (r=.178, p=.029); Americans (r=.225, p=.006); and Japanese (r=.402, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The greater the optimistic bias about cancer is, the lower the cancer preventive behavior. The findings suggest that nursing interventions are needed to reduce optimistic bias about cancer and to form a positive attitude towards cancer prevention because an optimistic bias about cancer adversely affects cancer preventive behavior.
Adult
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Asian Continental Ancestry Group
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China/ethnology
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Cross-Cultural Comparison
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Female
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*Health Behavior
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Health Promotion
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Humans
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Japan/ethnology
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Neoplasms/ethnology/*prevention & control
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Prejudice
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Questionnaires
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Republic of Korea
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United States/ethnology
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Young Adult
8.Developing an Instrument to Measure Climacteric Symptoms among Korean and Japanese Women.
Ae Ri SONG ; Kazuyo OISHI ; Euy Hoon SUH ; Harumi MIYAHARA ; Hisayoshi NAKAJIMA ; Yuko NAKAO ; Miyuki ARAKI ; Makiko YAMASAKI
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(4):637-644
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct a measurement instrument for climacteric symptoms among Korean and Japanese women. METHODS: From Dec. 1st of 2003 to March 30th of 2004, in-depth interviews were made with 26 women (15 in Jinju, Korea and 11 in Nagasaki, Japan) aged from 45 to 59 years who had not taken hormone replacement therapy to relieve the climacteric symptoms. A draft questionnaire with 45 items was constructed on the basis of the interview data and literature review. Three obstetricians, three PhDs in nursing science, and a chief nurse who was exclusively in charge of the climacteric management, examined the draft questionnaire to evaluate content validity. After deletions 39 items remained for a preliminary questionnaire. A survey was conducted by using a convenient sampling method in Jinju of Korea and Nagasaki of Japan during the period from April 1st, 2004 to July 10th, 2005. RESULTS: Factor analysis identified 4 factors, which were "mental and psychological symptoms", "physical symp-toms", "loss of autonomic nervous system symptoms", "sexual symptoms". These four factors explained 46.9% of total variance. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that climacteric symptom scale was multidimensional, and the reliability and validity of the scale was supported.
*Climacteric/ethnology
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Factor Analysis, Statistical
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Female
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Humans
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Japan
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Korea
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Middle Aged
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*Nursing Assessment
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*Questionnaires
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Reproducibility of Results
9.Anterior clinoid process and optic strut in Koreans.
Hye Yeon LEE ; In Hyuk CHUNG ; Byoung Young CHOI ; Kyu Sung LEE
Yonsei Medical Journal 1997;38(3):151-154
The anterior clinoid process and the optic strut are often removed during operation on the anterior part of the cavernous sinus. Therefore it is important for neurosurgeons to verify their dimensions and variations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimension and the variation of the anterior clinoid process and to describe the locational variation of the optic strut. Seventy-three skulls of Korean adults were used. The average length, basal width and thickness of the anterior clinoid process were 9.18 +/- 1.55, 9.63 +/- 1.49 and 5.32 +/- 1.07 mm, respectively. The average thickness of the optic strut was 2.9 +/- 1.15 mm and it was commonly attached to anterior two-fifths of the anterior clinoid process. The complete caroticoclinoid canal was observed in 4.1%, however it was incomplete in 11.6%. The incidence of a caroticoclinoid canal in Koreans was relatively low compared with other races.
Adult
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Cadaver
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Cavernous Sinus/anatomy & histology*
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Human
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Korea/ethnology
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Mongoloid Race*
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Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology*
10.Japanese ethnology and Chosen people during Japanese annexation period.
Korean Journal of Medical History 1999;8(1):59-68
Japan extended her territory since the end of 19th century, Sahalin island northward, Ryukyu islands southward. Japan annexed Chosen in 1910. The task of Japanase ethnology was how to describe and define the people of many races in Japanese territory. On the other hand Japanese ethnology was a confrontation of Japanese about the sense of superiority of the West. Japanese ethnology was the background of exploitation and discrimination of other Asian countries and their people. In that sense Japan imitated Western countries in an age of imperialism. Japanese ethnologist adopted two theories; one was an anthropology and another was the theory of evolution. They classified races into two categories, evoluted one and primitive one. Japanese government intended to utilize Asian people in respond to the advantages and disadvantages of each race. Kubo, Koganei, Kyono, and Hasebe were those who studied Chosen people. Kubo, a professor of department of Anatomy of Kyungsung Junior Medical College, was the most productive one in anthropology of Chosen people. He describes Chosen people as a primitive one. His prejudice about Chosen people was very closely related with so called "Kubo abusive words case". It was a symbolic happening rather than a personal defect in the perspective of the idea of Japanese ethnology about Chosen people.
Ethnology/*history
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History of Medicine, 19th Cent.
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History of Medicine, 20th Cent.
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Japan
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Korea