No abstract available.
Abdominal Pain* ; Melena*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aims of this study are to clarify the morphology of fundic gland polyp (FGP) and to compare the features of FGP between familial adenomatous polyposis-associated group and sporadic development group. METHODS: A total of 15 endo- scopic biopsy specimens of FGP from 13 patients were divided into three groups; Group A(3 cases; familial adenomatous polyposis family, multiple FGPs), Group B(3 cases; sporadic development, multiple FGPs) and Group C(7 cases; sporadic development, single FGP), and their endoseopic /microscopic features including mucin histochemistry and immunohistoc- hemistty(for PCNA) were compared. RESULTS: FGPs were confined to the gastric body and fundus in all 3 groups, and measured 2-8 mm. Their numbers varied even in Group A and Group B, The difference was observed in their median age: 26 years in Group A and 55 years in Group B, respectively, but there were no differences in endoscopic, histologic, mucin histochemical and immunohistochemical(for PCNA) features. Micro-scopically, all FGPs were composed of fundic glands and scattered microcysts with a spectrum of disordered glandular architecture which ranged from convoluted gland to Y-shaped gland, to stellateshaped gland, and to irregular tortuous glancl with dilated lumen. CONCLUSIONS: We assume that diversity af morphologic features of FGP may develop from progression of hyperplastic/hamartomatous fundic glandular proliferation which may end up with microcyst formation as an evolutional change. Familial adenomatous polyosis-associated FGPs were not endoscopically and histologically distingishable from sporadic deveoped FGPs.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Biopsy ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Intestines* ; Mucins ; Polyps* ; Stomach*

To analyze the clinical and endoscopic features of colonic anisakiasis. A retrospective chart review of 20 patients with colonic anisakiasis, who were diagnosed by colonoscopy at 8 hospitals between January 2002 and December 2011, was performed. Patients’ mean age was 53.6±10.74 years. Seventy percent patients were men. Acute abdominal pain was a common symptom that mostly developed within 48 hr after the ingestion of raw fish, and which lasted for 1–28 days. Sixty percent patients had ingested raw fish before the diagnosis of colonic anisakiasis and 40% patients were incidentally found to have colonic anisakiasis during the screening colonoscopies. Leukocytosis and eosinophilia were each found in 20% of the patients. In all patients who underwent colonoscopy, the worms were removed with biopsy forceps, except in 1 case, and a definite diagnosis of anisakiasis was made. In some cases of colonic anisakiasis, colonoscopy may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment to avoid surgical intervention.
Abdominal Pain ; Anisakiasis ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Eosinophilia ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Instruments

The oral sulfate tablet (OST), commercially available as Orafang ® (Pharmbio Korea Co., Seoul, Korea) in Korea, is being used increasingly because of its bowel-cleansing efficacy, safety, and tolerability in adults undergoing colonoscopy. Other bowel cleansing agents, such as polyethylene glycol and sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate, can cause plasma volume depletion and electrolyte disturbances, such as hyponatremia. On the other hand, the OST has never been reported to cause hyponatremia in Korea. To our knowledge, the authors experienced the first case of hyponatremic seizure in an 81-year-old woman to whom an OST was administered for bowel preparation before a colonoscopy. After ingesting the OST, she presented with seizure, confusion, and dyspnea. Upon arrival, her serum sodium level was 120 mEq/L, and the urine osmolality and sodium levels were 449 mOsm/kg and 253 mOsm/kg, respectively; chest imaging suggested pulmonary edema. The associated symptoms disappeared following treatment with an intravenous injection of normal saline and 3% NaCl to normalize the sodium level. This case shows that the OST can cause hyponatremia and other severe complications related to hyponatremia.

Hemorrhage from esophageal varices is a catastrophic complication of portal hypertension. Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) is a newly developed technique that may replace Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS). But there are a few reports of longterm follow-up of EVL in Korea. We analysed 42 patients to evaluate longterm effect of EVL for esophageal varices. Total 689 variceal ligations were performed during 117 separate EVL sessions. Control rate of acute bleeding was 90.5%(38 of 42 patients). Four patients who were failed on control of acute bleeding were taken EIS with successful bleeding control. The eradication rate of esophageal varix was 76.2%(32 of 42 patients), the mean session for eradication of varix was 3,0(2-6), the number of bands per person was 16.0(5-41), and the number of bands per session was 6.0(4-11). Rebleeding after initiation of EVL occured in 1l of 42 patient(26,2%). 81.8% of rebleeding occurred 6 months later after EVL was done. The mortality rate and survival rate after varix eradication during follow-up period(after 6-45 months, mean: 15.5 months) was each 14.3%(6/42) and 85.7%(36/ 42). The causes of death were hepatic failure (3/6), esophageal variceal bleeding(2/ 6) and hepatic encephalopathy(l/6). After EVL, the~re were no serious treatment-re lated complications: except mild complications: mild chest pain in 5 patient(12.0%), mild substernal pain in 7 patients(16.6%). These results suggest that EVL is a safe and effective method for treatment of variceal bleeding control and eradication of esophageal varices with least serious complication. But regular periodic examination(interval of 4-6 months) and repeat EVL after eradication of varices should be required becuse of recurrence of varix and rebleeding.
Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Korea ; Ligation* ; Liver Failure ; Mortality ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Public hospitals were established to provide high quality medical services to low socioeconomic status patients. This study examined the effects of public hospitals on the treatment and prognosis of patients with five-major gastrointestinal (GI) cancers (stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, and pancreatic cancer).METHODS: Among the 1,268 patients treated at Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center from January 2010 to December 2017, 164 (13%) were in the medicare group. The data were analyzed to identify and compare the clinical manifestations, treatment modality, and clinical outcomes between the groups.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in the clinical data (age, sex), treatment method, and five-year survival rate were observed between the health insurance group and medicare group in the five major GI cancer patients. On the other hand, some medicare group patients tended more comorbidities and fewer treatment options than health insurance patients.CONCLUSIONS: Public hospitals have a positive effect on the treatment and prognosis in medicare group patients with the five-major GI cancers.
Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Comorbidity ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Hand ; Hospitals, Public ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health ; Liver Neoplasms ; Medicare ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Social Class ; Survival Rate

Background/Aims: We developed a new endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) simulator and evaluated its efficacy and realism for use training endoscopists. Methods: An ESD simulator was constructed using polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel sheets and compared to a previous ESD simulator. Between March 1, 2020, and December 30, 2021, eight expert endoscopists from three different centers analyzed the procedure-related factors of the simulator. Five trainees performed gastric ESD exercises under the guidance of these experts. Results: Although the two ESD simulators provided overall favorable outcomes in terms of ESD-related factors, the new simulator had several benefits, including better marking of the target lesion’s limits (p<0.001) and overall handling (p<0.001). Trainees tested the usefulness of the new ESD simulator. The complete resection rate improved after 3 ESD training sessions (9 procedures), and the perforation rate decreased after 4 sessions (12 procedures). Conclusions We have developed a new ESD simulator that can help beginners achieve a high level of technical experience before performing real-time ESD procedures in patients.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumor arising in the stomach, accounting for approximately 95% of malignant gastric neoplasms. The majority of remainder is lymphoma. Although H. pylori infection has been implicated as a common cause of both adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the stomach, synchronous occurrence of both tumors is very rare. We present a case of a 23- year-old-female who presented with epigastric discomfort and was found to have synchronous low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the stomach in association with H. pylori infection.
Adenocarcinoma ; B-Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the clinical features, and treatment outcomes in patients with non-traumatic small bowel perforations and compared these results to the previous study with patients who were diagnosed between 1997 and 2002. METHODS: Patients who diagnosed non-traumatic small bowel perforation between January 2003 and December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 38 patients of non-traumatic small bowel perforation, the most common etiologies were Crohn's disease (CD) (36.8%), followed by intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) (28.9%) and primary malignancy (15.8%). In the study of 2002, however, the most common etiologies were idiopathic (39.3%), followed by mechanical obstruction (28.6%) and infectious enteritis (14.3%). Of 38 cases, 8 perforation sites were found in the jejunum and 30 in the ileum. The number of perforations was single in 20, two in 15, and over 2 in 3 cases. Twenty-five patients were treated with resection and anastomosis, nine patients with primary closure, and four patients with both procedures. The site and number of perforations, surgical methods, and post-operative complication rates were similar to those of 2002. The perforation patients with ITB had more frequent night sweats and pulmonary tuberculosis findings than those with CD. CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical features and surgical outcomes in the 2009 study were similar to those of the previous study conducted in 2003, the etiologies of perforations were different; CD and ITB were two most common etiologies. In addition, clinical characteristics such as night sweats or pulmonary tuberculosis were suggestive findings for the diagnosis of ITB.
Crohn Disease ; Enteritis ; Humans ; Ileum ; Intestinal Perforation ; Jejunum ; Sweat ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary