This study was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design to investigate the effect of rhythmic dance movement training on the physical and psychological functions of the elderly. The data were collected from November, 2001 to February. 2002. The subjects for this study were 34 elderly who was over 65 years old and was living in J city. The elderly selected for this study were: free from heart and pulmonary disease and not regular exercise. The rhythmic dance movement training in watching video tape was rhythmic dance movement and education and supportive care. The rhythmic dance movement was 40-60 intensity. 8 weeks' period. three times a week, 60 minutes a day. The data were analysed by chi2-test, paired t-test and unpaired t-test and ANCOVA through SAS/PC program. The results of the study were as follows: 1. There was insignificant difference in the gait length experimental and control group. 2. There was significant difference in the gait speed between the two groups. 3. There was significant difference in the dynamic valance between the two groups. 4. There was no significant difference in the depression between the two groups. 5. There was no significant difference in the Quality of life between the two groups. As shown above. the results of the 8 weeks' rhythmic movement program for the elderly produced positive effects on gait speed. dynamic valance. And this program was expected that it was more effective in different intervention period. verified program. Also it was needed follow study.
Aged ; Depression* ; Education ; Gait* ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Quality of Life*

This study was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design to investigate the effect of aerobic walking exercise program on the physical & psychological functions of home stayed stroke patients. The data were collected during the period of May 20th to August 15th. 200l. The subjects for this study were 40 hemiplegic stroke patients with the experimental group consisting of 19 patients and the control group being composed of 21 patients. The patients selected for this study were: (a)living in J city who had been diagnosed with stroke and at home after being discharged from the hospital. (b) suffering from stroke for 6 months to 5 years. (c)without recognition disorder with the MMSE-K score above 25, (d) below 2 on the modified Ashworth scale, (e)free from heart and pulmonary disease, (f)able to walk beyond 15 minutes for themselves. The aerobic walking exercise program for the experimental group was aerobic exercise and education and supportive care. The aerobic exercise was 8 weeks' period, three times a week. 35 to 50 minutes a day. And the education and supportive care was consisted of one home visiting and 2 times telephoning a week. The data were analysed by chi2test. paired t-test and unpaired t-test and ANCOVA through SAS/PC program. The results of the study were as follows: 1. There was insignificant difference in the gait length experimental and control group. There was significant difference in the gait speed between the two groups. 2. There was significant difference in the dynamic valance between the two groups. 3. There was significant difference in ADL score between the two groups. 4. There was no significant difference in the depression between the two groups. As shown above. the results of 8 weeks' the aerobic walking exercise program for home stayed stroke patients produced positive effects on gait speed. dynamic valance, ADL score. And this program was expected that it was more effective in different intervention period. verified program. Also it was needed follow study.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Depression* ; Education ; Exercise ; Gait* ; Heart ; House Calls ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Stroke* ; Walking*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review research trends and show the developmental direction of studies on dementia and nursing interventions for demented elders. METHODS: This study analyzed 104 articles on dementia and 23 on nursing interventions for demented elders published until 2007. RESULTS: These dementia studies increased in quantity after 1996, mainly in studies on demented elders and their families and in quantitative studies. Nursing intervention methods were music, light, horticultural therapy, reminiscence and complex therapeutic program, etc. There were experimental studies after 1996, but non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was 8(34.8%) of 23(100.0%). The medium sample size was 16.6 for experimental groups, 13 for control groups. The experimental time range was 10-120 minutes a day, frequency was 1-18 a week, and the total frequency was 4-72. The result variables were cognitive function, dementia behavior, emotion, depression, ADL, social behavior, etc. CONCLUSION: The findings of this review suggest that studies on dementia have been improved in quantity since 1996, but various and effective research methods should be developed as a way to further improve the quality of studies.
Activities of Daily Living ; Dementia* ; Depression ; Horticultural Therapy ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Music ; Nursing* ; Sample Size ; Social Behavior

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of education effectiveness between computer-based education and traditional education methods in nursing. METHODS: Medical and nursing literature databases were searched to identify studies regarding the effectiveness of computer-based education in nursing. Overall effect sizes for three outcome variables (knowledge, attitude, and practice level) were calculated. The effects of study characteristics on the outcome variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies published from 1990 to February 2009, which that met the inclusion criteria, were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that computer-based education generally had positive effects on knowledge, attitude, and practice, with overall effect sizes of 0.43, 0.35, and 0.34, respectively. This study also showed that the type of learner and the total education period had different effects on knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: This metaanalysis found that computer-based education in nursing had positive effects on knowledge, attitude, and practice.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether walking exercise improved physical function in elderly people using meta-analysis. METHODS: Medical and nursing literature databases were searched to identify the studies on the effectiveness of walking exercise on physical function. In the databases, there were 16 articles reporting 21 interventions. Overall effect sizes for three outcome variables, elders' physical function in lower limb muscle endurance, whole body endurance and upper body flexibility, were calculated. Effects of study characteristics on outcome variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that walking exercise generally had positive effects on CST (chair stand test), 6MW (6 min walking), and SRT (standing or sitting reach test) with overall weighted effect sizes of 1.06, 0.41 and 0.29 respectively. This study also showed that the chronic disease status of the elders, intervention methods, and type of residence had different effects on CST, 6MW and SRT. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that walking exercise improves physical function in elders. Walking exercise which can be done at any time and any location is indeed a very effective exercise for elderly people.
Aged ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; *Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Program Evaluation ; Range of Motion, Articular ; *Walking

A 39-year-old woman has had several episodes of transient right hemiplegia. On neurological examination during the ictal period she had alert consciousness with aphasia, head and eyeball deviation to the right side, and right hemiplegia. Brain MRI was normal. EEG-video monitoring of ictal period showed continuous ictal discharge in the midline frontocentral area coincided with right hemiplegia. After injection of diazepam, the ictal discharge and right hemiplegia disappeared. We report a case of status epilepticus characterized by ictal hemiplegia.
Adult ; Aphasia ; Brain ; Consciousness ; Diazepam ; Female ; Head ; Hemiplegia* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Status Epilepticus*

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to analyze the factors that affect the decision to approve workers compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and to analyze the worker characteristics. METHODS: Three hundred, sixty-nine cases were collected based on the workers compensation records of three Seoul and Incheon Regional centers of the Labor Welfare Corporation between 1998 and 1999. They contained the general characteristics, injury information and past medical histories. The x2-test and logistic regression were performed to investigate the factors affecting the approvals. Seventy-two survivors were surveyed by telephone for job stress. Job stress was surveyed in three parts: job demands, decision latitude and personal free time. RESULTS: Of the cases, 167 obtained approval from the Corporation; the others did not. Regardless of approval, 62% of all subjects had more than one of the cerebral and cardiovascular risk factors. Especially, 53.9% of subjects had hypertension. According to the logistic regression, the fatal cases had a higher approval rate (OR=26.4, CI=9.13-76.22). The cases with working condition change (OR=6.5, CI=3.45-12.07), accidents on worksite (OR=4.9, CI=2.39-10.07), female (OR=4.0, CI=1.21-13.3), accidents at night duty (OR=2.9, CI=.156-5.39), cases occurring on duty (OR=.25, CI=1.34-4.72) and cases without past disease history (OR=1.8, CI=1.02-3.36) also had higher approval rates. Telephone survey found that the approval rate increased with decreasing freedom of personal time schedule. However, the logistic regression revealed that job stress didnt affect the approvals. CONCLUSION: To prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, the most important aspect is to control hypertension which is the most common risk factor among the victims. Moreover, job stress and over working should be considered in the just approval of the workers compensation claims.
Appointments and Schedules ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Female ; Freedom ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incheon ; Logistic Models ; Occupational Diseases* ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Survivors ; Telephone ; Workers' Compensation ; Workplace

PURPOSE: To evaluate the magnetization transfer ratio(MTR) of various normal structures and pathologiclesions, as seen on magnetization transfer T2-weighted images (MT+T2WI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In ten normalvolunteers, T2-weighted images without MT (MT-T2WI) and with MT(MT+T2WI) were obtained. Off-set pulses used inMT+T2WI were 400, 600, 1000, 1500, and 2000Hz. In 60 clinical cases infarction(n=10), brain tumors(n=5), traumatichematomas(n=5), other hematomas(n=3) vascular malformation(n=2) white matter disease(n=2) normal(n=31) andothers(n=2), both MT-T2WI and MT+T2WI images were obtained using an off-set pulse of 600 Hz. In all volunteers andpatients, MTR in various normal brain parenchyma and abnormal areas was measured. RESULT: The MTRs of white andgray matter were 48% and 45% respectively at 400 Hz, 26% and 22% at 600Hz, 12% and 11% of 1000Hz, 10% and 9% 1500HZ, and 9% and 8% at 2000Hz of RF. The MTR of CSF was 43% at 400 Hz of off-resonance RF, while the contrastresolution of T2WI was poor. An off-resonance of 600Hz appeared to be the optimal frequency. In diseased areas,MTRs varied but were usually similar to or lower than those of brain parenchyma. CONCLUSION: The optimaloff-resonance RF on MT+T2WI appears to be 600 Hz for relatively high MTR of brain parenchyma and low MTR of CSF,in which MTRs of white and gray matter were 26% and 22%, respectively, of 600Hz off-set pulse. The MTRs ofcerebral lesions varied and further studies of various cerebral lesions are needed.
Brain* ; Volunteers

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of usual care management (UCM) and a newly-developed lifestyle modification with contingency management (LMCM) for geriatric depressive symptoms in the community. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 93 older adults with major depressive disorder at community mental health centers. A 12 week multi-domain LMCM was developed by providing positive reinforcement using ‘gold medal stickers’ as a symbolic incentive to motivate their participation and adherence. Participants were allocated to LMCM (n=47) and UCM (n=46) groups. They were then subjected to the 12 week treatment. Effects of the two intervention methods on Geriatric Depression Scale were determined using mixed model analysis. RESULTS: Participants in the LMCM group had greater decline in GDS score per month than participants in the UCM group after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, living alone, and MMSE scores at baseline examination [coefficient for GDS score (95% CI): -1.08 (-1.51, -0.65), p < 0.001, reference: UCM group]. CONCLUSION: LMCM is safe and easy to use with a low cost. LMCM is suitable as psychosocial intervention for older adults with depressive symptoms in the community.
Adult* ; Aged ; Community Mental Health Centers ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Education ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Motivation ; Numismatics ; Reinforcement (Psychology)

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of community-based Goal-Achieving program in geriatric depressive symptoms preliminarily. METHODS: We obtained data from elderly Korean subjects with major depressive disorder (n=51) aged 60 years or older at baseline, taking case management from community mental health center. Subjects were randomly assigned to intervention group (n=24) and control group (n=27). We investigated depressive symptoms through Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version (SGDS-K) at baseline and every month for 3 months to all subjects. We tested interaction between group and time in SGDS-K score to evaluate the effect of program. And post hoc test examined between group differences of SGDS-K at each time points. RESULTS: In quadratic linear mixed effects model analysis, interaction between group and time was statistically significant (Total SGDS-K score : coefficient=0.29, p<0.001 ; SGDS-K dysphoria subscale : 0.18, p<0.001 ; SGDS-K hopelessness subscale : 0.05, p=0.089 ; SGDS-K cognitive impairment subscale : 0.06, p=0.003). And significant between group difference was shown in post hoc test at time points of third month (SGDS-K score of control group : SGDS-K score of intervention group=10.74±3.482 : 7.25±4.475, p=0.0184). CONCLUSION: These results may suggest that ‘Community-based the Goal-Achieving program’ has efficacy in reducing geriatric depressive symptoms.
Aged ; Case Management ; Cognition Disorders ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Mental Health