No abstract available in English.
Orthopedics ; Suction ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the scope of internet addiction in school age children in early grades of elementary school in Korea, and to identify factors affecting internet addiction for these children. METHOD: The participants were 408 children from in grades 1 to 4 in four urban elementary schools. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include a parent-child internet addiction test, a self-control rating scale, and a scale of parent control of on-line use. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Of the children, 71.6% reported being average on-line users, 27.9%, heavy on-line users, and 0.5%, internet addicted. Self control and parent control of on-line use for average on-line users were different from that of heavy on-line users. Significant predictors influencing internet addiction were time spent on-line, self control, gender, father's occupation, on-line games, on-line use alone, and conversation with parents. These predictors accounted for 42% of variance in internet addiction. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of heavy on-line use in children was higher than expected, and internet addiction was influenced by self control, time spent on-line, and related factors. Therefore nursing interventions for prevention and management of internet addiction need to be developed and provided to these children.
Child* ; Humans ; Internet* ; Korea ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to evaluate maternal perception of the newborn, confidence and gratification of mothering role, and contribute to maternal nursing and neonatal nursing. The questionnaire, maternal perception of the newborn(I) was completed by 47 mothers at three hospitals in the Kyoung-In area during the first to third day after birth. the questionnaire, maternal perception of the newborn(II), confidence and gratification of mothering role were completed at fourth to sixth week after birth. the data were analyzed by a SPSS program. The results were as follows; 1) The means of perception of the newborn(I) and (II) were 2.28+/-4.81 and 3.83+/-4.84. The means of confidence and gratification of mothering role were 40.38+/-5.51 and 39.30+/-6.70. 2) Half of the mothers(48.9%) rated their newborn as better than average newborn at first to third day after birth, and 74.5% of mothers did at fourth to sixth week after birth. 3) The score of maternal perception of the newborn(I) was significantly correlated with the score of confidence and gratification of mothering role. The score of maternal perception of the newborn(II) was correlated with the score of confidence and gratification of mothering role. The score of confidence and gratification of mothering role was related. 4) Maternal gratification of mothering role was significantly different by maternal perception of the newborn(I), and maternal confidence was different by maternal perception of the newborn(II). 5) Mothers who had religions and who wanted the pregnancy had higher perception of the new-born(I) than those who did not. Mothers whose newborn(II) than those whose newborns were girls. Mothers who wanted the pregnancy had higher confidence of mothering role than those who did not. Mothers who planed cow's milk had lower gratification of mothering role than those who did not. The above findings indicate that mothers who have a different level of perception of the newborn, confidence and gratification of mothering role. Therefore, it is important maternal perception of the newborn, confidence and gratification of mothering role were precisely evaluated, and nursing intervention for improving perception of the newborn should be provided of for mothers.
Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Milk ; Mothers* ; Neonatal Nursing ; Nursing ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants. The subjects were 30 mothers of low birth weight infants, sixteen for the kangaroo care group and fourteen for the control group, whose infants hospitalized in two neonatal intensive care unit at two university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 9 times during the twenty six days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a low birth weight infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. The questionnaire, state anxiety was completed before beginning the first intervention. The questionnaire, state anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role were completed at 2 weeks after discharge. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the state anxiety between the kangaroo care and the control group before beginning the first intervention. The state anxiety was significantly lower in kangaroo care group than in control group. 2.The confidence of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 3.The gratification of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 4. In mothers of low birth weight infants, the state anxiety was negatively correlated to the confidence of mothering role and the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. And the confidence of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants was positively correlated to the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for mothers of low birth weight infants in reducing the state anxiety, improving the confidence and gratification of mothering role.
Anxiety* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Macropodidae* ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Thorax ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants. The subjects were 30 mothers of low birth weight infants, sixteen for the kangaroo care group and fourteen for the control group, whose infants hospitalized in two neonatal intensive care unit at two university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 9 times during the twenty six days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a low birth weight infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. The questionnaire, state anxiety was completed before beginning the first intervention. The questionnaire, state anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role were completed at 2 weeks after discharge. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the state anxiety between the kangaroo care and the control group before beginning the first intervention. The state anxiety was significantly lower in kangaroo care group than in control group. 2.The confidence of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 3.The gratification of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 4. In mothers of low birth weight infants, the state anxiety was negatively correlated to the confidence of mothering role and the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. And the confidence of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants was positively correlated to the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for mothers of low birth weight infants in reducing the state anxiety, improving the confidence and gratification of mothering role.
Anxiety* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Macropodidae* ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Thorax ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to contribute to neonatal nursing and maternal nursing to reduce parental role stress in mothers of preterm babies and to improve perception of the newborn to by the parents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were consisted of a parental role stress scale and a neonatal perception inventory. The subjects were 100 mothers of fullterm babies and 50 mothers of preterm babies, all in the early postpartum stage and admitted to three hospitals I the Kyoung-In area between November 8 1997 and May 30, 1998. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program and the results are as follows : 1. There were no significantly differences in the means for parental role stress between mothers of fullterm babies and preterm babies. The mean for perception of the newborn was significantly lower in mothers of preterm babies than in mothers of fullterm babies. 2. In mothers of preterm babies, the level of parental role stress was correlated to the one minute Apgar score. The level of perception of the newborn was correlated to gestational age and birth weight. 3. The mothers of preterm babies whose education level was above graduation from college had lower parental role stress than those who had a lowers level of education. The mothers who had experienced cesarean section had higher parental role stress than those who gave birth to their baby prematurely. The above findings indicate that mothers of preterm babies had lower perception of the newborn than mothers of fullterm babies. Therefore, nursing intervention should be provided for mothers of preterm babies to manage parental role stress and improve perception of the newborn.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Education ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers* ; Neonatal Nursing ; Nursing ; Parents* ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to contribute to neonatal nursing and maternal nursing to reduce parental role stress in mothers of preterm babies and to improve perception of the newborn to by the parents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were consisted of a parental role stress scale and a neonatal perception inventory. The subjects were 100 mothers of fullterm babies and 50 mothers of preterm babies, all in the early postpartum stage and admitted to three hospitals I the Kyoung-In area between November 8 1997 and May 30, 1998. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program and the results are as follows : 1. There were no significantly differences in the means for parental role stress between mothers of fullterm babies and preterm babies. The mean for perception of the newborn was significantly lower in mothers of preterm babies than in mothers of fullterm babies. 2. In mothers of preterm babies, the level of parental role stress was correlated to the one minute Apgar score. The level of perception of the newborn was correlated to gestational age and birth weight. 3. The mothers of preterm babies whose education level was above graduation from college had lower parental role stress than those who had a lowers level of education. The mothers who had experienced cesarean section had higher parental role stress than those who gave birth to their baby prematurely. The above findings indicate that mothers of preterm babies had lower perception of the newborn than mothers of fullterm babies. Therefore, nursing intervention should be provided for mothers of preterm babies to manage parental role stress and improve perception of the newborn.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Education ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers* ; Neonatal Nursing ; Nursing ; Parents* ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A case of retroperitoneal teratoma, found in a ten month old female infant was reported. Twenty four hours after the direct retroperitoneal air insufflation, a retrograde pyelography was performed using B.B. 16F. cytoscope. These two studies were essential to make preoperative diagnosis. Review of retroperitoneal tumor was also added.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Insufflation ; Teratoma* ; Urography

PURPOSE: To report the result of Fresnel prism application and adaptation for visual field relocation and functional vision improvement in homonymous hemianopsia patients. METHODS: Fifteen homonymous hemianopsia patients were prescribed Fresnel prism. To expand the visual field, Fresnel prism was placed base-out toward the defective field and patients were given an adaptation period of 1 month. The effects of the prism on field expansion was evaluated using Goldmann perimetry. In addition, the NEI-VFQ25 questionnaire was utilized asking patients regarding their subjective functional vision and satisfaction in daily life before and after using the Fresnel prism. RESULTS: After 1 month of Fresnel prism prescription, 53% of patients showed objective visual field expansion to the defective field of 12.5 degrees on average. Monocular or macular splitting hemianopsia patients showed more visual field expansion than binocular macular sparing hemianopsia patients. The NEI-VFQ25 score increased significantly and abnormal head position decreased or disappeared after 1 month of using the prism. However, 47% of patients failed to adapt to the prism. CONCLUSIONS: Using Fresnel prism in homonymous hemianopsia patients effectively expands the visual field, corrects abnormal head position, and improves functional vision. However, to improve the success rate, for certain patients the proper choice of prism application method, prism diopters, and constant management are necessary.
Head ; Hemianopsia* ; Humans ; Prescriptions ; Telescopes ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

Secondary eyeball injury can be caused by head injury as well as direct injury of the eyeball or the orbit. Authors of this report have researched on 117 patients who were applied for ophthalmic examination which in care of the neurosurgical department and have researched frequency of secondary eyeball injury, association between the eyeball injury and the head injury, and favourable frequency of the eyeball injury which were developed without direct injury of the eyeball. There were 21 eyes(9.0%) with external ocular abnormality in 18 patients which included lagophthalmos, ptosis, paralytic strabismus, and there were 14 eyes(6.0 %) with posterior segment abnormality which were vitreoretinal hemorrhage, option. injury and papilledema in 11 patients. In association between the head injury and the eyeball injury, there were many external paralytic injury in basal skull injury and many posterior segment injury in cerebral parenchymal injury. After their injury, follow-up was executed in 3 month interval for 12 month. 15 eyes with external ocular abnormality and 8 eyes with posterior segment abnormality showed favourable progression. Posterior segment abnormality improved statistically significant at 3 month after injury(p<0.05). Secondary ophthalmic injury can be caused by various head injuries. Based on periodic observation, external ocular abnormality improved frequently at more than 9 months after injury. In cases of posterior segment abnormality, there was statistically significant improvement at 3 month after injury(p<0.05). Thus careful observation and treatment should be made in its early stage.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Skull ; Strabismus