Four cases of subungal exostosis are presented. All of them were young male and big toe was involved in 2 cases. Histological features of subungal exostosis was characteristic; the cancellous bony stalk was capped mainly fibrocartilage, although scattered areas of hyaline cartilage were also found where enchondal ossification occured. Superficial to this cartilaginous cap, there was fibrous tisse covering. When terminal phalax of a toe shows deformity of nail and skin changes due to hard mass, radiological examination is required for the proper diagnosis and treatment. Complete local excision is required but damage to the nail bed during excision should be avoided.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Exostoses ; Fibrocartilage ; Hallux ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Male ; Skin ; Toes

Though intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) has several advantages over conventionalangiography in diagnosis and follow up of various vascular disease, it also has several undesirable problems suchas large volume of the contrast medium and inferior image quality compared to conventional angiography. Sorecently intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA DSA) was introduced for better image quality usingsmall amount of contrast medium. The authours had good clinical results IA DSA which were made in 20 patients withour own system, SRM-II, developed by cooperation of Departements of Radiology and Medical engineering, Seoul.National University Hospital. Intraarterial digital substraction angiography was found to have several advantagesover conventional angiography: (a) small amount of contrast medium, (b) reduced need for selective arterialcatheterization,(c) lower film cost, (d) shortened examination time, (e) ability to obtain a “road map”, and (f)easier detection of contrast medium. Also IA DSA has several advantages over IV DSA : (a) less dependency oncardiac output, (b) far less vessel overlapping, (c) reduction in patient motion through less painful procedure byreduced volume of contrast media and shorter imaging time.
Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: In order to review various complications and their frequencies and causes after chemoembolization in the patients with hepatic neoplasm. Subjects and Methods:Subjects were 362 patients who underwent chemoembolization for hepatic neoplasm during the recent 2 years from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1992. A total of 954 procedures were performed in these patients. For the initial treatment, only the emulsion of Lipiodol and Adriamycin were infused in 225 patients and gelfoam embolization were followed in 126 patients. A retrospective analysis for the complications was undertaken with reviewing of clinical and radiologic findings. RESULTS: Severe post-embolization syndrome lasting longer than one week developed in 54 patients in whom Ihe tumor size was mostly larger than 6cm in diameter. Sepsis accompanying persistent fever was developed in 9 cases. There were various hepatic complications;transient deterioration of hepatic function(46 cases), persistent deterioration of hepatic function(15 cases), hepatic failure(9 cases), hepatic rupture(3 cases), intrahepatic bile duct injury(3 cases) and liver abscess(1 case). Complications involuing other organs were upper GI bleeding(9 cases), gallbladder infarction(3 cases), splenic infarction(4 cases), Pulmonary embolism(6 cases)and spinal arterial embolism(1 case). There were 9 mortalities within one month after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Various complications of liver and other organs after chemoembolization of hepatic neoplasm warrants more scrutinized preprocedure evaluations of related factors such as amount of embolic materials, vascular anatomy, protal invasion, biliary obstruction, and liver functional reservoir.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Doxorubicin ; Ethiodized Oil ; Fever ; Gallbladder ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms* ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis

One hundred and twenty seven patients with uterine cervical carcinoma underwent computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance(MR) imaging, followed by surgical exploration. MR imaging was superior to CT in visualization of the tumor, for parametrial evaluation, and for tumor staging. MR imaging had an accuracy of 74% in the assessment of thickness of cervical stromal invasion. The accuracy rates for parametrial evaluation were 78% for CT and 88% for MR imaging. The overall accuracy rates for tumor staging were 68% for CT and 80% for MR imaging. The accuracy rates for pelvic lymph node evaluation were 82% for CT and 85% for MR imaging. Our findings suggest that MR imaging is supperior to CT in preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Staging

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease entity to undergo thoracic surgery. We experienced a 49-year-old man with pulmonary actinomycosis who was admitted due to recurrent hemoptysis. Prior to admission, he was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis on the basis of his clinical manifestations and chest radiological findings. The plain chest x-ray and chest computed tomography(CT) showed a cavitary lesion in left upper lobe and was given anti-tuberculous medication, but the x-ray revealed no imprcovement. He underwent left upper lobe lobectomy with segmentectomy of lower lobe and the surgical specimen showed no evidence of mycobacterial infection, but revealed sulfur granules which is a typical pathological finding of actinomycosis. He was discharged uneventfully and is scheduled to receive 6 months of antibiotic treatment.
Actinomycosis* ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Rare Diseases ; Sulfur ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

PURPOSE: To analyse the long-term survival rate after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma and to determine prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 1067 hepatocellularcarcinoma patients who had undergone TACE, of long-term survival rate and prognostic factors were retrospecfively analysed. Chemoembolization was accomplished by hepatic arterial infusion of a mixture of Lipiodol and Adriamycin(51%) or by Gelfoam embolization after infusion of the Lipiodol mixture(49%). The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis using the weibull model was applied to determine which prognostic factors were statistically significant. RESULTS: Among the 1067 patients, survival rates were asfollows : one-year, 60.6% ; two-year 42.3% ; three-year, 29.1% ; four-year, 23.7% ; and five-year, 14.7 %. The oneyear survival rate and median survival period of 432 patients with tumors 5cm in diameter or smaller were 77.7%and 33 months respectively, significantly higher than those of patients with larger tumors for whom the corresponding figures were 44.8% and 11 months. Other significant prognostic factors(p<0.0001) shown bymultivariate analysis included type of tumor, portal vein invasion and child-pugh classification. CONCLUSION: Theone-year survival rate agter chemoembolization in 1067 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was 60.6%. The significant prognostic factors were size and type of the tumor, portal vein invasion, and Child-Pugh classification.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Classification ; Ethiodized Oil ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Portal Vein ; Survival Rate

A blind, comparative clinical study was performed prospectively to examine the correlation between image quality of CT scan in terms of contrast enhancement effect and amount of intravenous contrast media. A total of 357 patients were randomized into two groups. Ionic high-osmolality contrast media (68% meglumine ioglicate) was administered intravenously as 100ml bolus in one group and as 50 ml bolus in the other group. Statistically significant differences of image quality were found in CT scans of the brain, head and neck, chest and abdomen(p<0.05). However in the pelvis, difference was not statistically significant. (p>0.05). We suggest that amount of contrast media may be reduced in pelvis CT without significant degradation of image quality.
Brain ; Clinical Study ; Contrast Media* ; Head ; Humans ; Meglumine ; Neck ; Pelvis ; Prospective Studies ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Descending of the testes is an important process for spermatogenesis and cryptorchidism is one of the most relevant genital defects in dogs. In a previous study, we observed abnormal morphology and proliferation of Sertoli cells in a cryptorchid testis. In the present study, we investigated the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the normal and cryptorchid testis of a dog. Elective orchidectomy was performed on the dog's abdominal right testis (undescended, cryptorchid) and scrotal left testis (descended, normal). In the normal testis, estrogen receptor α immunoreactivity was detected in Leydig cells alone, while estrogen receptor α immunoreactivity in the cryptorchid testis was significantly prominent in the Sertoli cells as well. In addition, progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in the control testis was detected in the spermatids, but was not detected in the cryptorchid testis. This result suggests that unilateral cryptorchidism causes increases of estrogen receptor α expression in Sertoli cells.
Animals ; Cryptorchidism ; Dogs* ; Estrogens* ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone* ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatids ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis*

PURPOSE: The creation and maintainance of radiology teaching materials is both laborious and very time-consuming but at a teaching hospital is important. Through use of the technology offered by today's worldwide web, this problem can be efficiently solved, and on this basis, we divised a multimedia radiology self-learning course for abdominal ultrasound and CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A combination of video and audio tapes has been used as teaching material; the authors digitized and converted these to Hypertext Mark-up Language(HTML) format. Films were digitized with a digital camera and compressed to Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) format, while audio tapes were digitized with a sound recorder and compressed to Real Audio format. RESULTS: The self-learning course for abdominal ultrasound consists of 14 steps, and that for abdominal CT, 19 steps. Both provide images, voice anrrations, and related texts and graphics. The learner can navigate the course at his/her own speed, repeating or skipping any part, as required. CONCLUSION: 'Multimedia on the Worldwide Web' will facilitate easy management and maintenauce of a self-learning course. To make this more suitable for practical use, continual upgrading on the basis of experience is needed.
Hospitals, Teaching ; Hypermedia ; Internet* ; Joints ; Multimedia* ; Teaching Materials ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Voice

Background/Aims: Long-term benefit of vasodilating β-blockers is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the long-term benefit of vasodilating β-blockers over conventional β-blockers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Using nationwide prospective multicenter Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry data, we analyzed 3-year clinical outcomes of 7,269 patients with AMI who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and β-blocker therapy. Patients were classified according to treatment strategy (vasodilating β-blockers vs. conventional β-blockers). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and hospitalization for heart failure (HF) at 3 years. Secondary outcomes were each component of the primary outcome. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for differences of baseline characteristics. Results: In 3,079 pairs (6,158 patients) of propensity score-matched patients, the primary outcome occurred significantly less in the vasodilating β-blockers group compared with the conventional β-blockers group (7.6% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.003). Among the secondary outcomes, cardiac death occurred significantly less in the vasodilating β-blockers group than in the conventional group (3.5% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.015). The incidence rates of MI (2.4% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.160) or hospitalization for HF (2.6% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.192) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Vasodilating β-blocker therapy was associated with better clinical outcomes compared with conventional β-blocker therapy in AMI patients undergoing PCI during 3 years follow-up. Vasodilating β-blockers could be recommended preferentially for these patients.