Chinese herbs with bitter flavor have the function of purgation and dryness as well as strengthening yin.Strengthening Yin means keeping and maintaining yin fluid.Actually,it is to draw assistance from some Chinese herbs with bitter flavor to purge excessive fire in order to maintain yin qi by heat-clearing and fire-purging,that is to say purging fire to keep or save yin.Strengthening yin of bitter herbs is different from the moistening and nourishing function of sweet-cold herbs.It can be generally divided into three aspects: purging ministerial fire and restoring renal yin,clearing heat and purging fire to maintain yin fluid;purging to preserve yin.Strengthening yin doesn't mean the property and flavor of bitter-cold can nourish yin directly.We should not only emphasize clearing fire by using herbs with bitter in flavor and cold in nature,but also pay attention to nourish yin.It is causal relation that exists between purging fire and maintaining yin.The former is only a means and method,and the latter is objection and effect.Because the bitter-flavor can only damage yin by bitterness and dryness but is not good at benefiting yin,we cannot strengthen yin by using bitter herbs in treating yin-deficiency syndrome without excessive fire.

Objective To investigate the risk factors which affect complex febrile seizures developing into epilepsy. Methods Retrospective analysis of 162 complex febrile seizure cases was carried out. Results Fifteen out of 35 children who had familial history of epilepsy developed into epilepsy. Twenty out of 55 cases who had neurological abnormalities developed into epilepsy. Nineteen out of 37 cases of who the length between fever and febrile seizure was less than 1 h developed into epilepsy, but only 13 in 125 patients developed into epilepsy when the interval between fever and seizure was more than 1 h. Conclusion The predictive risk factors for complex febrile seizures developing into epilepsies are familial history of epilepsy, abnormal neurological development, and short intervals between fever and febrile seizure activities.

AIM: To explore the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of hypobaric hypoxia on allergic asthmas guinea pigs. METHODS：After the model of asthma was established with ovalbumin(OA) challenge in OA sensitized guinea pigs, the animals were randomized into the asthmas group(AG), the alleviative group(ALG) and hypobaric hypoxia treated group(HHTG). The levels of plasma cortisol and endothelin(ET), ET in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The pulmonary pathological changes were observed with optical microscope. RESULTS:(1) Infiltration of eosinophils (EOS) in alveolar septum was found in AG and ALG, while it was reduced in HHTG. (2) The level of plasma cortisol was significantly higher in AG than in normal control group(NCG) (P＜0.01).But it was significantly lower in ALG than in NCG(P＜0.01), there was no difference in plasma cortisol level between HHTG and NCG. (3) The content of ET in plasma was significantly higher in ALG than that in NCG, AG and HHTG(P＜0.01), and ET level in BALF was significantly higher in AG than that in NCG, ALG and HHTG(P＜0.05),however, no significant difference was found among the latter three groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: After the treatment with hypobaric hypoxia, the ET levels of the plasma and BALF were decreaced and the content of plasma cortisol was increaced, and infiltration of EOS in alveolar septum was decreaced in asthmatic guinea pigs.That may be one of the mechanisms by which hypobavic hypoxia prevents and cures asthma.

Serum vitamin A level was determined in 75 healthy primiparae and their neonates and the correlation of serum vitamin A level with the levels of hemoglobin,ferrum rotein,feritin and zinc was analyzed.The serum vitamin A level was 3.06?1.03/imol/L in the mothers and 2.74?1.0?mol/L in the neonates,and it was higher when determined in summer than when determined in autumn but the difference was of no statistical significance.The rate of subclinical vitamin A deficiency was 27 % and 45.3% in the mothers and the neonates respectively.Serum vitamin lev- el was positively correlated with the levels of hemoglobin,ferrum and zinc(P

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of bilirubin in the hippocampus of the newborn rats with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods Hyperbilirubinemia model was established. The expression levels of Fas protein and N methyl D aspartate (NMDA) receptor and the apoptosis rate of nerve cells in rat hippocampus were detected with immunochemistry, TUNEL method and cytometry. Results Histological changes of nerve cells were found in hippocampal area of rats with hyperbilirubinemia. Significantly increased expression levels of Fas protein and NMDA receptor and apoptosis rate of nerve cells were positively correlated with the bilirubin level in rat brain tissues. Conclusion The bilirubin neurotoxicity is mediated by the excessive activation of NMDA receptor and participation of Fas system, which induces the apoptosis of nerve cells.

AIM: To explore the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of hypoxia inhalation on asthma. METHODS: Guinea pigs were randomized into the normal group(NG), asthmatic group(AG) and the hypoxia inhalation-treated group(HITG). The model of asthma was established in the latter two groups through sensitization and induction with 10% ovalbumin(OA) and 1% OA, respectively. The animals in HITG were treated with hypoxia inhalation (13.0%?0.5% O 2/N 2 mixed gas). The content of serum cortisol, the number of eosinophils(EOS) and percentage of hypodense eosinophils(HEOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),the number of CD 4 +T-lymphocyte in peripheral blood(PB) and the tension of airway muscle were determined. RESULTS: (1)The content of serum cortisol was significantly higher in NG and HITG than in AG( P

Objective To study the effect of endouterine and extra-aterine exposure to lead on iron concentrations in the blood and hippocampus,hemogiobin level and the learning memory in young rats and the protective effect of zinc in this event.Methods Sixteen pregnant Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups,group A fed with diet containing Zn 17.5 mg/kg and normal water,group B with Zn 17.5 mg/kg and water with PbAC? 3H2O 500 mg/L,group C with Zn 168.7 mg/kg and PbAC? 3H2O 500 mg/L,and group D with Zn

Oxidative stress and mitochondria disorder are the common mechanism of neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. Melatonin (MT) level decreases with aging may be one of the reasons of the increased oxidative stress in aging people. So the neuroprotective effect of MT becomes more attractive in recent years. This paper summarized recent studies on the mechanism of melatonin on degenerative disease, including free radical scavenge, anti-apoptosis, neuroprotective effect, neurotrophic effect, anti-amyloid neurotoxicity, regulation of inflammatory reaction and cytoskeletal protein etc.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between virulent phenotypes and the expression of antigens.Methods:The authors observed virulent phenotypes of different Shigella and its mutant by Congo red test(Pcr),contacting hemolysis test (CHT),invading HeLa cells test(Inv) and keratoconjunctivits test(Ser) and analyzed genetic background of the virulence of Shigella.Took the convalescent sera of monkeys infected with Shigella flexneri 2a to analyze the virulence associated antigens of different Shigella and enteroinvasive E.coli2 by BA immunoblot methods.Results:All virulent Shigella strains have a 120～140 MegaDalton(MD) plasmid and are Pcr(+),CHT(+),Inv(+),Ser(+).While all virulent Shigella strains are negative.All virulent strains contain four invasive plasmid antigens(IpaA?B?C?D),while nor do virulent strains.The virulence of Shigella is related not only with Ipas,but also with LPS antigen.Conclusion:The virulence of Shigella is associate with biology phenotypes of Shigella.Only with common expression of the two antigens(Ipas and LPS),the bacteria express the virulence.