No abstract available.
Child* ; Colon* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*

No abstract available.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Colposcopy* ; Conization*

This study was designed to investigate factors relating to fiscal deficit for regional health insurance. The financial statements for the fiscal year 1990 of nationwide 254 regional medical insurance societies were analyzed. Important findings are summarized below: 1. There were differences in the main reason for the financial deficit among regions when deficit and surplus societies were compared by regions. The total revenue per enrollee, especially revenue from the premium contribution of a deficit society was significantly smaller than that of a surplus society in large cities and counties. On the other hand, the total expenditure per enrollee of a deficit society was larger than that of a surplus society in small cities. 2. Both low premium irate at the beginning of health insurance program and less effort to increase the premium rate were main factors for the smaller revenue from the contribution of a deficit society in large cities and counties. 3. Larger expenditures per covered person of a deficit society in small cities were explained with larger medical expenditures especially for out-patients services rather than larger administrative expenses. 4. A regression analysis showed that utilization rates in out-patient services were significantly associated with income and numbers of total medical care institution per capita within a region where a health insurance society located. Also expenses paid by insurer per visit were associated with the proportion of utilization for tertiary care hospitals as well as the proportion of utilization of public health centers.
Hand ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Insurance ; Insurance Carriers ; Insurance, Health* ; Korea* ; Outpatients ; Public Health ; Tertiary Healthcare

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Fistula*

PURPOSE: This quasi-experimental study was done to develop image-use medication education for older inpatients and to evaluate the effects on their knowledge, self-efficacy, and misuse of medication.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Education ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Patient Education as Topic

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to develop a combined spinal epidural (CSE) anesthesia using single segment technique(SST) for cesarean section. We attempted to find the most suitable spinal and epidural local anesthetic doses providing high quality of surgical analgesia and minimal side effects during CSE anesthesia. METHODS: 40 patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under the CSE technique were randomly divided into four groups. 2.5mg(Group 1), 5mg(Group 2), 7.5mg(Group 3) and 10mg(Group 4) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was injected into the subarachnoid space through a 26-gauge long Quincke needle. If the block did not reach the T4 level in 15min., it was extended by fractionated doses of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine administered through the epidural catheter. RESULTS: All patients in Group 1, 2 and 3 needed epidural lidocaine, 21.0+/-0.8 ml(Group 1), 11.1+/-0.6 ml(Group 2) and 7.4+/-0.7 ml(Group 3). Anesthesia in Group 4 was mostly due to spinal block. Group 2 and 3 resulted in satisfactory anesthesia with rapid onset, good surgical analgesia and muscle relaxation and minimal side effects. Group 1 provided insufficient muscle relaxation and Group 4 had higher incidence(60%) of maternal hypotension than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The CSE technique, using 5mg or 7.5mg of subarachnoid bupivacaine and with sufficient epidural lidocaine to reach a T4 level, had the advantages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia with few of the complications of either.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section* ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lidocaine ; Muscle Relaxation ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Subarachnoid Space

Testicular biopsy has been known as very useful diagnostic procedure for the male infertility. For the past 9 months percutaneous testicular biopsy procedures were attempted on 64 patients with azoospermia or atrophic testis using a new Tru-Cut biopsy needle. In addition surgical testicular open biopsy procedure on one side and percutaneous testicular needle biopsy procedure on the other side were performed in comparison with two techniques. Biopsy specimens were fixed in Bouin solution. They were stained and histologically examined. Results were summarized as follows: Numbers of seminiferous tubules obtained by needle biopsy technique were found to be fewer than that of the tubules obtained by open biopsy technique. But diagnostic accuracy was not compromised by the needle biopsy technique. There was no bleeding either from the testis or scrotum, no extusion of testicular tissue from the puncuate site. In conclusion percutaneous testicular biopsy using Tru-Cut biopsy needle has been proved to be simple, time saving, less expensive and accurate method for testicular biopsy.
Azoospermia ; Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Needle* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Needles* ; Scrotum ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Testis

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Drug Therapy* ; Female

No abstract available.
Genetic Therapy* ; Oligonucleotides*